Amakhosi Russian. Umlando tsars Russian. Kugcine Russian Tsar

Ifomu yendabuko uhulumeni eRussia ubhekwa amakhosi ohlanga. Kanye ingxenye yaleli zwe elikhulu wawuyingxenye Kievan Rus ': emadolobheni amakhulu (eMoscow, uVladimir, Novgorod, Smolensk, Ryazan) abangu eyasungulwa izikhulu, inzalo Rurik semi edume. Ngakho, lo mbuso kuqala ukubusa ngokuthi Ruric. Kodwa ewazalela isihloko izikhulu, tsars Russian eyavela kamuva kakhulu.

Inkathi Kievan Rus

Ekuqaleni, Grand Prince of bonke Russia ayebhekwa umbusi Kiev. izikhulu Specific uncome, ukumlalela, kwakunezilwi squads phakathi nomkhankaso wempi. Kamuva, lapho kwaba inkathi izinduna (nanye kuya ngekhulu nanhlanu) kwakungelona isimo esisodwa. Kodwa namanje liyisihlalo sobukhosi Kiev ngokwakho ukwamukelwa kuwo wonke umuntu, nakuba ithonya wangaphambili, walahlekelwa. I Ukuhlaselwa amabutho Mongol kanye kudalwa Batu Khan iGolden zidlamlilo lwajula inyumbazana ngenxa ubukhulu ngamunye: Kwamanye amazwe sebeqalile ukukuqaphela ukuma ezindaweni zakhona - Ukraine, eBelarus neRussia. Insimu Russian yesimanje babe edolobheni ezinethonya kunazo uVladimir futhi Novgorod (awusebenzi uhlushwa ayehlasela abayimizulane).

Umlando tsars Russian

UVladimir Prince Ivan Kalita, ngokusekelwa omkhulu Uzbek Khan (nabo walala ezinhle), wabhekana dolobha abaholi bezombangazwe nabezenkolo, eMoscow. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Grand Dukes of eMoscow wajoyina eduze lomuzi wabo namanye ezweni Russian: Novgorod futhi Pskov republic yaba yingxenye isimo enobunye. Yingaleso sikhathi futhi kwakukhona tsars Russian - okokuqala lesi sihloko eyayigqoke Ivan Grozny. Nakuba kukhona legend ukuthi zobungoma yasebukhosini yayigcinwa esandleni ababusi bezwe ngisemncane kakhulu. Kukholakala ukuthi 1 Russian Tsar - kuyinto uVladimir Monomakh, okuyinto waklonyeliswa nge amasiko WaseByzantium.

Ivan Grozny - le nkosi yokuqala eRussia

Ngakho, i-tsars wokuqala Russian eze ukufika Ioanna Groznogo (1530-1584). Wayeyindodana of Basil III no-Elena Glinsky. Ukuba isikhulu eMoscow ekuseni kakhulu, waqala ukwethula guqula wakhuthaza ukuzibusa ezingeni lendawo. Nokho, waqeda Rada Okhethiweyo futhi waqala ukuba sizibuse. umthetho le nkosi sika yayiqine kakhulu, ngisho wobushiqela. Ukuhlulwa Novgorod, ngokweqile Tver, Torzhok futhi Klina, oprichnina, izimpi eside ziye zaholela crisis kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe. Kodwa futhi imizamo kanye nomthelela ngamazwe zombuso enwetshisiwe yalo.

Inguquko yesihlalo sobukhosi Russian

Ngemva kokufa kuka-indodana Ivana Groznogo - Fedor Okokuqala - wayeka le Rurik lwamakhosi. Ukuze sobukhosi ozalwa Godunov wabusa. Boris Godunov phakathi nokuphila we Fedor Okokuqala yaba nethonya elikhulu enkosini (udadewabo Irina Fedorovna kwaba umka nkosi) futhi cishe leliya lizwe. Kodwa indodana Boris - Fedor II yehlulekile ukugcina amandla ezandleni zabo. Yaqala ngesikhathi ukhathazekile, futhi izwe isikhashana wabusa Lzhedmitry, Vasiliy Shuysky, Semiboyarshina futhi Assembly wesifundazwe. Khona-ke, waba ngukumkani phezu kwezihlalo Romanovs.

Omkhulu lwamakhosi Russian yamakhosi - the Romanovs

Qala lwamakhosi entsha wasebukhosini ukubeka Mikhail Fedorovich, ngubani wakhethwa yesihlalo sobukhosi Zemsky Sobor. Lokhu uqeda isikhathi zomlando eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Time ka-Nezinkinga. INdlu Romanovs - inzalo enkosi enkulu, owabusa Russia kuze 1917 futhi kokugumbuqelwa ohlanga kuleli zwe.

Thanda Mikhail Fedorovich kusukela umndeni ubudala Russian ezihloniphekayo, okuyinto wazala igama Romanovs kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-nesithupha. Kuthathwa ngukhokho othile Andrei Ivanovich mare, eyise wafika Russia ukuthi Lithuania, kungakhathaliseki nge Prussia. Kukholakala ukuthi esebuyile Novgorod. namadodana ayisihlanu Andrew Mares eyasungulwa nesikhombisa imikhaya zasebukhosini. Okhulumela uhlobo lwe - Anastasia Romanova Zakharyin - kwakunenkosikazi yesazi-Ivan IV the Kubi, okuyinto yokugcina yosuku nkosi zibalwe Umzukulu.

Amakhosi Indlu Romanov Russia wayeka Nezinkinga kuleli zwe kuka wathola uthando nenhlonipho abantu abavamile. Mikhail Fedorovich ngesikhathi sokhetho sobukhosi kwakukhona intsha nabangenakho okuhlangenwe nakho. Ngokokuqala ngqá, eyamsiza ukuba abuse bayou omkhulu uMarta uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Filaret, ngakho iSonto Lobu-Orthodox liye kakhulu kwaqinisa isikhundla salo. Wokubusa kwenkosi yokuqala Romanov lwamakhosi libhekene ekuqaleni intuthuko. Kukhona livela iphephandaba lokuqala (ekhiqizwa ngqo onobhala yayo Monarch), nokuqinisa isibopho international, izimboni zakhelwe nasemsebenzini (iron-sokuncibilikisa, ironworks futhi isibhamu), kuhileleke ongoti angaphandle. amandla eyodwa luyaqina, eRussia ngokujoyina edlulela emasimini amasha. Unkosikazi wanika Mikhail Fedorovich izingane eziyishumi, esinye sazo asibiza wathola isihlalo sobukhosi.

Kusukela emakhosini sababusi. Petr Veliky

Ekhulwini nesishiyagalombili, uPeter Omkhulu siguqulwe umbuso wakhe ku umbuso. Ngakho-ke, umlando wawo onke amagama amakhosi angu-Russian owabusa ngemva kwakhe, kakade esetshenziswa ne isihloko umbusi.

wezinguquko Omkhulu futhi esinye sezikhulu zezombangazwe esidumile, empeleni wenza okungaphezu ukuchuma yeRussia. IBhodi waqala umzabalazo abanolaka, ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi: uyise, u-Alexis, waba inzalo likhulu kakhulu. Ekuqaleni Wabusa nomfowabo u-Ivan ibamba Princess uSophia, kodwa ubudlelwane ungazange savela. Ukuyeka omunye pretenders eziya esihlalweni sobukhosi, uPetru kwaqala ukulawula isimo wedwa. Wabe umkhankaso lempi ukunikeza Russia ikwazi ukungena olwandle, bakha imikhumbi yokuqala, kabusha impi, Zăluceni ongoti angaphandle. Uma tsars omkhulu Russian wayengazange ikhokhwe ngokwanele imfundo kwezikhonzi zakhe, uMbusi uPetru mina mathupha wathumela izicukuthwane abaqeqeshiwe phesheya, ngesihluku abacindezela eyamukelwayo. ezweni lakubo, reworked imodeli European, ngoba njalo futhi wabona ukuthi abantu abahlala khona.

UNikolai Romanov - inkosi yokugcina

I last Russian uMbusi uNicholas II kwaba. Wathola imfundo enhle futhi yokukhuliswa zilandelwe ncamashi. Uyise - Alexander III - lifuna emadodaneni akhe walinda hhayi ukulalela kangaka, njengoba engqondweni yethu, ukholo oluqinile kuNkulunkulu, abazingela umsebenzi, ikakhulukazi bengayikuyibekezelela khona izigijimi ezilahla izingane nomunye. umbusi Ikusasa wakhonza Preobrazhensky ibutho, ngakho wayazi kahle ukuthi ibutho kanye ezindabeni zezempi. Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe, izwe ngenkuthalo asathuthuka: emnothweni, izimboni, ezolimo safinyelela iqophelo lalichumile. Inkosi yokugcina ka iRussia yathatha ingxenye esebenzayo kwezombusazwe zamazwe omhlaba, olwenziwa ngaphandle kwekuhlela kabusha kuleli zwe, ukunciphisa eside senkonzo yezempi. Kodwa bawenza umkhankaso ayo empi.

Ukuwa yokubusa kwamakhosi eRussia. Ngo-October wangonyaka revolution

Ngo-February 1917, izibhelu waqala eRussia, ikakhulu enhloko-dolobha. Izwe ngaleso sikhathi nengxenye kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Efuna ukumisa impikiswano ekhaya, lo mbusi, kwaba phambili, asiyeke esivuna indodana kwezinsana, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje kamuva wenza okufanayo egameni Tsarevich Alexei, emnike lokubusa umfowabo. Kodwa Grand Duke Michael lenqaba inhlonipho enjalo: kakade ochotshoziwe lezi zihlubuki amaBolshevik. Ekubuyeleni kwakhe e-inkosi yokugcina Russia, ngaboshwa kanye nomndeni wakhe futhi bathunjwe. Ngobusuku buka-17 Julayi 18 yenkosi esifanayo ngo-1917 nge igama inceku, ababengakholelwa ufuna ukushiya sovereigns zabo, edutshulwa. Futhi, wonke amalungu Romanov lwamakhosi babhujiswa, abasala ezweni. Ezinye ephethwe yathuthela Britain, iFrance, i-America, nozalo lwabo baphile khona namanje.

Ingabe kuzoba khona imvuselelo yokubusa kwamakhosi eRussia

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, abantu abaningi baqala ukukhuluma imvuselelo yokubusa kwamakhosi eRussia. Endaweni ngokubulawa asebukhosini - lapho phambi kwakukhona indlu Ipatiev e Ekaterinburg (egumbini elingaphansi kwesakhiwo inikwa amandla yi-isigwebo sokufa) wakha ithempeli elalinikezelwe inkumbulo zezisulu ezingenacala. Ngo-August 2000, uMkhandlu WabaBhishobhi Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia liye zibalwa bonke abangcwele, ukuba amise usuku inkumbulo yabo Wesine July. Kodwa amakholwa amaningi bengavumelani: abdication yokuzithandela kuyisono, njengoba umbuso wabapristi nibusisa.

Ngo-2005, kodwa uhlangulisa inzalo ka autocrats Russian labetibambile eMadrid iseluleko. Khona-ke wathumela ukuba umshushisi Jikelele Russian Federation, imfuneko alungise indlu ka Romanov. Noma kunjalo, ababhekwa njengenkolo izisulu yokucindezelwa zezombusazwe ngenxa yokungabi bikho kwemininingwane olusemthethweni. Kuyinto icala lobugebengu, akekho noyedwa phakathi zezombusazwe. Kodwa abameleli Russian Imperial House akazange avumelane lokhu bese uyaqhubeka nokufaka isikhalazo ngaleso sinqumo, ethemba ukuthola ukubuyiselwa ubulungiswa zomlando.

Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amakhosi ohlanga Russia yesimanje idinga - kungcono udaba oludinga abantu. Umlando ezohlela konke endaweni yayo. Okwamanje, abantu ukuhlonipha inkumbulo ngesihluku ababulawa ngesikhathi Red Terror asebukhosini nokwenza imithandazo imiphefumulo yazo.