Ukuhlaziywa kukaMayakovsky "kokuchitha imfucuza". Inkondlo kaVV Mayakovsky "Emfucumfuceni"

UVladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky - omunye wabameleli abaqhakazile bezinkondlo zekhulu lama-20. Izinkondlo nemidlalo yakhe sekuyisikhathi eside ziba yizigaba futhi ziye zangena esikoleni esikoleni. Ukuhlaziywa kukaMeyiakovsky we "Udoti" kuhlelekile, njengoba le nkondlo ibonisa ngokucacile isitayela sombongi kanye namadivayisi abuciko .

I-biography emfushane kaV V. Mayakovsky

Isimbongi sesikhathi esizayo sazalwa eGeorgia emzaneni omncane eBaghdad. Kakade amamaki aphansi emidlalo yokuzivocavoca, uVladimir Vladimirovich waqala ukuya emibukisweni futhi wafunda izincwadi zokuguquguquka. Ngo-1906, ngemva kokufa kukayise, umkhaya waseMayakovsky wathuthela eMoscow. Lapha uqala umsebenzi wezingcaphephe, ovame ukuya ejele. Njengomfundi wesikole sokudweba, ukudweba kanye nezakhiwo, uhlangana nama-futurists. Manje indlela yakhe yokudala iba ngokungahambisani nalesi siqondiso. Futhi izinkondlo zokuqala zikaMayakovsky zanyatheliswa emlandweni we-futurist "Slap ebusweni bokunambitheka komphakathi."

Ubuciko bomlobi bungahlukaniswa ngezikhathi ezimbili: pre-revolutionary, lapho into yokuxolisa kuyi-bourgeois kanye nabagcini bamhlophe, futhi ngemuva kokuguqula, lapho ukucasula kuqondiswa khona ukushiyeka komphakathi wanamuhla. Okungajwayelekile ekufakweni kanye nesigqi sezinkondlo, ukuhlambalaza nokubhala ngegama elinguVladimir Mayakovsky. "Ngokuphathelene nenkunkuma" - inkondlo lapho zonke lezi zici zengcweti yomlobi zibonisiwe.

Izihloko zezinkondlo

Yonke umsebenzi kaMayakovsky unomqondo ocacile wokuzimela. Kodwa-ke, yizinkondlo zesikhathi esiseduze (ama-1920s) ahlukaniswa ngcebo engakaze ibe khona. Kukhona umuzwa wokuthi ngaphansi kwesandla esishisayo satirist futhi ngolimi olubukhali zonke iziphutha zesikhathi sakhe ziwile. AmaHighters of works, ngakho-ke, izinto zokudabuka, ziyadla, izimbongolo ezintsha, ama-hooligans, izinambuzane, izinkathazi, ama-philistines, abazenzisi, ama-gossips, abadliwayo, izidakwa, abaphangi, iziqhumane nezinye eziningi.

Inkondlo "Oh inkunkuma"

Kwangaleso sikhathi, phakathi kuka-1920-1921, uMayakovsky wabhala enye yezinkondlo zakhe eziphawulekayo: "Oh nkunkuma." Isihloko sokudalula i-philistinism, "ephuma ngemuva kwe-RSFSR", yaba yinto esemqoka yomsebenzi.

Satirical motifs

Eminyakeni ye-post-revolutionary, ukuxolisa kukaMayakovsky kuyakhula, kuba yinto ekhudlwana nangokwengeziwe. Ngesikhathi sokuqala kokudala, umbongi uqobo waziphilisa esixukwini esingenalwazi, owayengakwazi ukuqonda imibono ephakeme yomlobi. Ngemuva kokuguquka, ukudumazeka kukaMayakovsky kwawa phezu kwezitha zenkolo. Ikakhulukazi imbongi ihlasele i-philistinism kuzo zonke izibonakaliso zayo. Eqiniswe kahle futhi ephumelelayo ekuphileni okusha kweSoviet, laba bashayi babona iMeakovsky inqotshwa ngabalandeli be-revolution. Kodwa ukuze uqondisise kangcono futhi uhanjiswe nale mibono, ukuhlaziywa kokudala kukaMayakovsky kuyadingeka. "Ngokuphathelene nenkunkuma" yinkondlo efaneleka kakhulu kule njongo.

Umsebenzi uqala ngokuphikiswa okubukhali. Imigqa yokuqala, ezwakala sengathi: "Udumo, Udumo, Udumo kumaHlathi!", Qhubeka ngokuphambene ngokuphelele: "Manje ake sikhulume ngemfucuza." Kodwa ngubani lo "umfucuza"? Lokhu kuba "isigaba se-philistine", esasinda kuphela ngesikhathi sokuvuselela, kodwa futhi sashintsha ngokuphelele impilo entsha, ngokuthola "amabhabhinethi ahlelekile namagumbi okulala." Noma yikuphi ukuhlaziywa kukaMayakovsky kuyahluka ngokuboniswa kanye namanothi okuphazanyiswa. "Ngokuphathelene nemfucumfucu" kwakungeyona into futhi wamukela yonke intukuthelo nokuphikisana nomlobi.

I-Meshchan ekuqondeni iMayakovsky akuyona nje into enengekayo futhi enengekayo ngenxa yendlela yakhe yokuphila, engadluliselwa kuphela "kusukela ehlezi ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu, enamandla njengezitsha zokugeza." Cha, nabo bangama-opportunist abayingozi nabaqondisi. Unenhlonipho futhi engenakulinganiswa kule nkondlo ka-satyr Mayakovsky.

"Mayelana nemfucumfucu" - incazelo yokuphila

Isithombe sokuphila esithombeni esithi "Ngomfucumfucu" kwakungeyindlela yokuveza, kodwa ukucabanga kwezimiso nezombusazwe zekilasi le-philistine. Abantu balolu hlobo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bamangala kangakanani, baqala ukuguquka ngokwabo, inkathi yokuguquka, kodwa bayakwazi kuphela ukugcoba, ukudiliza nokuphulukisa imibono ephakeme yokuguquguquka. Kwakungenxa yenkcazelo yemvelo ezungeze ama-philistines uMayakovsky abonise ukuthi imibono yabo yesimiso esisha, izwe elisha nekusasa lihlanekezwa futhi likude nakubantu bezenkolo. Ngakho-ke, uMkhandlu Wezempi Wezombusazwe, i-Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, uvela ekuxhumaneni kwe-semantic negama elithi ibhola, elibonakala lingenangqondo futhi lingalungile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, khona-ke i-bourgeois encane ifuna "ukubona" into entsha.

Kuye kwashiwo okuningi mayelana nama-philistines emsebenzini wakhe "Emanzini" uMayakovsky. Ivesi, ukuhlaziywa kwalo okunikeza isithombe esiphelele semibono yombongi mayelana nezwe lanamuhla, likhuluma ngamagugu kanye nokungaphumeleli komphakathi.

U-Mayakovsky uthe umsebenzi ohlukumezayo ungazalwa kuphela uma kunesihloko esifanele esicela "ukushicilela". Kodwa akwanele ukunquma ngendaba, kuyadingeka ukuthi akwazi ukuletha ngendlela efanele ukuze abonise wonke ama-wormholes kanye nokungaphumeleli komcimbi wezenhlalakahle. Futhi lapha kule nkambo kukhona amasu amadala asebenza ngamasendulo: ukuchithwa kwamabintana, ukucaca kokulahla, ukungazi lutho kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-hyperbolization. UMayakovsky wachaza le ndlela ukuze azenzele imisebenzi. "Ngomfucumfucu" yinkondlo eye yazitholela zonke lezi zimiso. Kodwa okweqile kwakubonakala ngokucacile ngokucacile, okwakubonakala sengathi kubeka iphuzu elimnandi emsebenzini wokugcina: "UMarx wabheka odongeni, wabheka ... Futhi ngokuzumayo wavula umlomo wakhe, nokuthi wakhala kanjani ...".

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziywa kwethu nokuhlaziywa kweMayakovsky "Mayelana nemfucuza" kufakazela ukuthi le nkondlo ibonisa indlela yokudala yomlobi. Kubonisa ukugcwala okuyinhloko kanye nokuzikhohlisa kwesigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwesiphakamiso senkondlo.