Emashalofini isimiso esisha: ukuvuselelwa ibutho Russian

impi uyakhathaza kulo lonke zeziyaluyalu kwekhulu le-17, buthakathaka aphethe kanye nokungakwazi yayo ukuvikela isimo ekuhlaselweni isitha - zonke lezi zici sihlanganise ukudala izimo ezidingekayo ukuze kusungulwe elinye ibutho isiRashiya, okwaqala ngokubekwa emashalofini isimiso esisha.

ekuqaleni

Ngokokuqala ngqá ukuba uzindle ukudalwa amabutho esisha esaba esibudisi futhi esinesiyaluyalu emlandweni wethu - Esikhathini Nezinkinga, yalimaza usongo esibi lihlasele angaphandle. Phakathi nale nkathi yokuba ukuxabana abadlali angaphandle eqashiwe nabezempi ukulwa impi Polish. Yingaleso sikhathi uMichael Skopin-Shumsky, abathintekayo ngobuqotho izenzo esihleliwe abanekhono elihamba Swedish ngesibindi ukuze kuxoshwe ekuhlaseleni hussars Polish, wanquma ahlele ibutho isampula angaphandle - Dutch isiSwidi. Emashalofini kohlelo olusha, ehlanganisa ngokuyisisekelo we nabezempi ongumlimi, zathathwa e-Novgorod bese iqasha abantu abayizinkulungwane 18. Wabaqeqesha izikhali abanekhono Belgian Hristier Somme, ukugxila amacebo zokunqanda abakhwele amahhashi, lapho inani pikemen embozwe musket Musketeers - isikhali eyinhloko isikhathi.

I impumelelo lokuqala

Ngisho ngokuxhamazela oqeqeshiwe, emashalofini isimiso esisha ngo-September 1609 iwine eziningana kunqoba kubalulekile phezu nabasePoland: Moscow wafohla ukuvinjelwa, wabuyela amadolobha ambalwa, bephonsa amabutho abahlaseli emuva. Kodwa Isikhathi Nezinkinga enza ukulungisa izenzakalo ezalandela. Ngemva ushevu Skopin-Shumsky ibutho bahlakazeka. Yaphela kanjalo-ke ecaleni inhlangano ngemphumelelo regiments isampula angaphandle.

Eyesibili umzamo

Isidingo amasu ukubuyela Smolensk, wanika nabasePoland, kanti imvuselelo wempi onamandla kahle lalingesinye Umfutho ukudalwa regiments entsha ngo-1630. Qala leli bhizinisi kanzima wezazi isiSwidi Dutch ekupheleni 1631 kumiswa ibutho 2, lapho kuwo ngamunye isibalo sabantu 1600. Ekuqaleni kwakuhlelwe ukwenza zigqila regiments izingane boyars abangenamihlaba, kodwa babengesibo ayenesithakazelo enkonzweni elihamba, futhi kwanqunywa ukuba athathe ibutho Cossacks futhi abacibisheli izingane.

Umyalo we ibutho eyenziwa kokuqala abantu ikakhulukazi angaphandle. ibutho ngalinye lalinamaviyo 8, yayingaphansi kokulawula kwe-colonel, uLieutenant Colonel, ezinkulu nezinduna ezinhlanu. Ngo inkampani amasosha, kwakukhona 200, zazo 120 babehlangene Musketeers futhi 80 - pikemen. Isibalo regiments yavuleka: ekuqaleni 1632 kwakukhona kakade 6 (abantu 9000).

Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1632 kwaqala kuqala dalo Reitarska ibutho we boyars nabantwana bakwa-kwamadoda asebukhosini, ogama izinombolo ekupheleni konyaka 1721 wasukuma ukuze indoda. Kuhlanganisa okokuqala ihlelwe iviyo Dragoon, futhi ngokushesha kwamiswa futhi ibutho ehlukile dragoons, esakhiwa izinkampani 12. Emashalofini kohlelo olusha ngesikhathi 1632-1634 GG. babe umgogodla amabutho, 10 combat-ngomumo amayunithi ababebalelwa abantu abayizinkulungwane 17 yadalwa. Baphenduka balwa ngesibindi, babe nesibindi futhi yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba, nobuqhawe lokuziveza kwakhe ezimpini nendikimba aphakeme ukuhlambalaza kwesitha sayo, kodwa ukunqoba impi Russia kuhlulekile. Futhi ekupheleni the regiments lokulwa kohlelo olusha uyekwa. Umzamo wesibili ukuba ahlele amabutho futhi kuphumelele maphakathi kuphela.

Isigaba sesithathu

Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngo-1638, uhulumeni wavuselelwa kumiswa izingxenye imodeli entsha ukuze kuvikeleke imingcele neningizimu yeRussia. , Wengamela ukulungiswa amabutho, okuyinto zitholakala ukudedelwa Novgorod, Cavalier kanye jikelele, eyiNgisi Tomas Daleyl.

regiments Owenza kwaholela ekuziphatheni ophoqelelwe ukunxenxa datochnyh amadoda owakhonza kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla kanye ubusika benu bukhule emakhaya. Lo mkhuba uye kungafaneleki ngokwayo: singenele ukuqeqeshwa umthelela elihlobene ne iholidi omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukusungulwa kwezinye izindawo eningizimu nakweminye emincanyana kwenziwa e 1643-1648, ngokulandelana, njengoba abalimi ezilotshwe dragoons.

kabusha Military Alexei Mikhailovich

Phakathi nekhulu le-17 e-Russia kwaphawulwa isenzakalo esibalulekile kakhulu izwe - ngesinqumo somthetho we Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich waqala izinguquko ezinkulu impi sithole izingxenye ezingcono kakhulu kwalesi simiso esidala - i elite eMoscow abakhwele amahhashi zendawo, eMoscow Musketeers futhi Gunners, kanye kudalwa ukulwa amayunithi esithombeni babonisile kakade amakhono abo ezempi regiments.

Esimeni semakhaya impi Russian-isiPolish 1654-1667. lezi zakhi babé isisekelo eqinile kwamabutho wezwe ahlomile. Emashalofini isimiso esisha nge-Alexis - isosha futhi dragoon ingxenye skomplektovat datochnyh zabantu isikhulu sezempi ukuba service impilo yonke. inkonzo lonke yethulwa.

kwamiswa Reitarska regiments hhayi kuphela datochnyh, kodwa futhi kusukela izicukuthwane bempofu futhi abangenamihlaba, Cossacks kanye nezingane boyar. emakhulwini Noble ngokugcwele idluliselwe Reitarska uhlelo. A hambisa osendaweni thi okwakubaluleke ngokufanayo Ukukhetha sokuqanjwa abagibele amahhashi ukukhwezwa lancers - Hussars. isipiliyoni IsiSwidi ku ukuziphatha izingxabano futhi kuhlomisa leli sosha kwaba kakhulu eziwusizo, ethi ukufana kwamazwi Russian kanye mabutho Swedish. amakhono Wayengenacala esikhulu imishini hussar kahle zihlukaniswa lezi zakhi imvelo abakhwele amahhashi Russian.

nokuziqhenya Russian

Emashalofini isimiso esisha phakathi. 17c. kwakhiwa beqondiswa izikhulu oqeqeshwe kahle. Phakathi nempi, yena waba baqeqeshe abantu okungenani amadoda ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, ngabonisa ukuthi ukuvumelana umbono kwendalo ezifana amayunithi lempi. Ekupheleni kwekhulu emashalofini isimiso esisha - kuba ingxenye engcono kwezinhloko zamaviyo kwakheka ngekusasa elisekelwe njalo enqobile ibutho Russian.