AmaGestapo - wukuthi enhlanganweni? Injongo wamaphoyisa omshoshaphansi ka-Third Reich

EJalimane lobuNazi, njenganoma iyiphi enye izwe, beyiba amasevisi ayo ukukhalipha, wahlanganyela kutsi kwehlwaywe, counterintelligence, ethungatha ezingeni ukuthembeka labantu, kuveze izici eyonakalisayo. I zamaNazi we ukubusa yalomsebenti kwanezelwa nabanye, kuze kube manje engavamile. Ngakho, kwakudingekile ukuba uthole hhayi kuphela abaholi namalungu amaqembu nobutha nezinhlangano komhlaba, kodwa futhi ukubheka sokufihla amaJuda, amaGypsy nongqingili. Kusukela nga-1933, zezokuvikela zikhethwa isakhiwo ekhethekile - amaGestapo. Le yunithi futhi kudingeka ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile, futhi izindlela eziqondile.

Umsuka inkonzo uphenyo zezombusazwe

kwavela igama inkonzo ngengozi. Long-German igama «Geheime Staatspolizei» ( «Amaphoyisa Imfihlo State") kunciphise abasebenzi ukuthumela ihhovisi ukuze kube lula. Entwasahlobo ka-1933, ngokushesha ngemva kokufika we-National Socialist Workers Party ukuze amandla Prussia at the isinyathelo Germana Geringa Division 1A idaliwe. Izinjongo isitho party ophethe umsebenzi imfihlo ngokumelene betembusave, okuyinto kuleli zwe ngaleso sikhathi babebaningi. Induna eqala R. Diss. Genrih Gimmler ngaleso sikhathi oholwa Wezangaphakathi of eBavaria futhi ngingenaso maqondana nekusasa amaGestapo. Lokhu akazange akuvimbele ukukhandwa Reichsfuhrer SS kancane kancane bagxila ezandleni zabo phezu kwezidumbu ezintathu uphenyo zezombusazwe. indima Goering sika amaNazi ejensi wokukatelela ngomthetho ungakapheli nonyaka baba phezu-ukudla, imibuzo yakhe ukhathazekile ngaphezulu German Air Force. Uzinikele izintambo leBhodi Heydrich, induna inkonzo le-SD. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wonke amayunithi disparate awuqala zithi eJalimane, uyeza ngaphansi kokulawula eyodwa ka-Berlin.

amaqiniso angokomlando

Kusukela ngo-1936, amaphoyisa aseJalimane kanye nezinye izinsizakalo obangela abezokuphepha bangaphakathi oMbusi, ezihambayo kube yilapho zizithoba Genriha Gimmlera. ukwehlukana Criminal nabezombusazwe enye ukuphangwa kwezindawo akha isakhiwo esisodwa. Igatsha yesibili, eliholwa Genrih Myuller, waziphatha edalula izitha umbuso, phakathi okukhona manje ingxenye bebancane ngokobuhlanga izakhamuzi, amadoda alala namadoda, izinhlobo engamukelekile, ngisho abavamile kakhulu lazy kube umshikashika kabusha imfundo. Lesi sakhiwo sasisekelwa kuze 1939, kuze kube, ngemva nje kwempi waqala, kwakungekho isinqumo ukwakheka RSHA (kwamaNazi Ezokuphepha Main Office). eqeleni lakhe lesine nje baba amaGestapo. Lesi sigaba kwaholela zonke Mueller efanayo. Umlando wenhlangano iphela ngo-1945. Chief amasevisi intelligence German babefuna amabutho emazweni anqoba, kodwa kuze kube yimanje. Ngokusho version olusemthethweni, wafa ngesikhathi Storming Berlin yi Army Soviet.

Engelona iqiniso ekhona ngale ukubukeka

Futhi eSoviet kanye angaphandle cinema izithombe lwamaNazi amaGestapo ezivamile. Ngokuvamile avele ngendlela humanoids isilwane-like ayegqoke iyunifomu mnyama sleeves usongwa, a sadists eyinkimbinkimbi, ahlomile kuhlinzwa sokuhlushwa amathuluzi. Bephendukela nomunye, asebentisa sihloko, ezithathwe SS. Ngokwengxenye lokhu kuyiqiniso. SS izikhulu ngezinye izikhathi (ngoba okhulisa) babelwa ukusebenza amaGestapo. Photo UHimmler futhi Mueller zokugqoka iyunifomu wayengenza futhi afakaze ukubukeka abasebenzi abavamile, kodwa empeleni zinto zingalungile. Ingxenye esemqoka amaGestapo abantu elaliyizakhamuzi, bona babegqoke izingubo zomsebenzi, e zokulingisa evamile, futhi uthanda ukuba siziphathe njengabancane unobtrusively ngangokunokwenzeka. Izikhungo namanje imfihlo. Kuphela ngezikhathi ezikhethekile SS izikhulu begqoke ezimnyama noma phambi (okuyinto ngokuvamile), ifomu igundane grey. iyunifomu amaGestapo siqu akuyona enikeziwe.

Ubani balwa abashokobezi ezindaweni ahleli kulo?

Enye iphutha kaningi eyenziwe abaqondisi, noma kunalokho, abeluleki zabo, lusegameni isevisi abathintekayo ekulweni namabutho ukumelana kazwelonke. Kwakulula sibambane ukubabiza bonke ngokulinganayo "AmaGestapo." Leli gama izilaleli mass eyaziwa, kunokusebenza "feldzhandarmery", HFP, ngisho le-SD (Sicherheitsdienst), empeleni ukusebenza ezindaweni ehlasela wase-USSR nakwamanye amazwe. Okubizwa ngokuthi Transnistria okwesikhashana ayethathe Romania, isinyathelo sigurantsa (endleleni, ngokungafani ibutho bobukhosi, okuphumelela kakhulu). Zonke inkonzo isiJalimane, afeze azilungisele indaba ngokuthi ajezise bese silwa ukunyakaza yabashokobezi, balalela Abwehr, le Wehrmacht kanye nobuholi obuphethe SS. Ukuze ubudlelwano RSHA ukuphathwa main ababenakho Berlin.

Cinema, amaGestapo SS

Ngokomlando, amafilimu mayelana amaGestapo akuzona ngempela lesifanele. Ngezinye izikhathi, counterintelligence onekhono ikakhulukazi e-Germany ngempela wathunyelwa izifunda ukumelana ezimatasa. Kodwa njengoba ezifundeni ezinabantu oMbusi ezingafakwanga (ngabo ngisho washicilela imali ezikhethekile), umbiko Imfihlo State Police lwalulinganiselwe ukuba eJalimane kusukela ngo-1939. abasebenzi Rank lokhu isakhiwo zivumelana uhlelo amaphoyisa yokutholwa amaGestapo. SS kwadingeka "etafuleni bezigaba" ayo, kwehlukene ibutho.

izindlela

Kuyaziwa ukuthi uma umuntu ovamile isikhathi eside, futhi hit kanzima kakhulu, uyavuma ezaziwayo. Omunye umbuzo uwukuthi kufanele kwenziwe kanjani ulwazi ethokozisayo futhi ethembekile okuzokhishwa kubo. Confession ekhishwe ngaphansi sokuhlushwa lakheka ngokubizwa self-incrimination, futhi kusukela iphuzu zokusebenza buka, akunandaba mqondo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko okubekwa phambi isimo amaphoyisa omshoshaphansi kwaba iwukudambisa imizamo intelligence amasevisi ekhethekile kweSoviet Union, iGreat Britain, iMelika wonke amanye amazwe abantu abamelene nohulumeni namaFascist, elisungulwe eJalimane ngo-1933. Indlela kwakunokwenzeka abasebenzi isevisi, kunzima ukuba yahlulele izici eziningi impi ongabonakali namanje imfihlo isimo. Nokho, umkhuba wokusebenzisa ngamazwe lomsebenzi counterintelligence ubonisa, ukuthi idatha kweqiniso futhi esiyigugu ingatholakala sisebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene, ebaluleke kunazo zonke okuyinto inkolelo isidingo nokubambisana yokuzithandela. It kubonakala izindlela ezihlukahlukene, futhi amaGestapo. Izithombe ahlupha emakamelweni, ifakwe amadivaysi eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo ukucindezela intando kanye nokuhlinzeka zonke izinhlobo nemiphumela abasolwa (kokubili ezingokomzimba nezingokwengqondo) akhawunti nengxenye enkulu eNuremberg Trial, obonwa iningi izikhungo executive ye-Third Reich ubugebengu (kufaka phakathi, futhi amaGestapo).

Ingabe inhlangano wakhonza abesifazane?

Ngamunye senkonzo ekhethekile abasebenzi baso obuqine. Ayanda ziqu, ngcono lokulungisela iyashelela ukusebenza. Kodwa iyiphi inombolo abasebenzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yenza kahle kanjani wayazi Psychology nezindlela umsebenzi komhlaba isicelo, akwanele ukulawula isimo kanye ukwethembeka sabantu, ababebalelwa amashumi ezigidi zabantu. abasebenzi avamile bephoqeleka ukuba athole kubo ulwazi ezizimele, okunikeza ngolwazi oludingekayo. Iningi labantu besilisa laseJalimane lobuNazi alwa phezu izimpi. "Snitch" e iningi lazo lalingabantu abesifazane, amaGestapo esetshenziswa yelukuluku lazo elingokwemvelo nemibono izwe, safaka Goebbels inkulumo-ze. Yiqiniso, kwakukhona ezizimele abasebenzi nokuqasha imikhuba owesilisa musa njalo kucatshangwa nokubambisana yokuzithandela. Kodwa ungakwazi kanjani ukwahlulela imibhalo eshicilelwe, amaGestapo abesifazane cishe wayengekho phakathi abasebenzi esigcwele.

ihhovisi isimiso

Ngakho, ekugcineni lingahunyushwa baphetha ukuthi isithombe eliyingozi akudala esebenzisa ubuciko post-yimpi, awuhambisani ngokuphelele ne ezingokoqobo emlandweni. counterintelligence German amaNazi alizange liqhume emizaneni athunjwa, evutha izakhamizi zawo, okuhlushwa hhayi kuqashelwe, hhayi asihlola abashokobezi emzini matasa laseKharkov eParis. Eqinisweni, ngokuvumelana ezitaladini German waya amadoda zingezona ezibonakalayo amajazi grey noma amasudi, aqale ukuphola, ukuqasha kubo ulwazi, ngezinye izikhathi usebenzisa imishini ekhethekile nge isiqondiso uzitholele ukucacisa indawo omoya yokuhlala anti-Hitler womanyano. Kwakungafanele iyunifomu umbukwane ezithusayo nge izingebhezi ku tulyah amakepisi, futhi, cishe, iningi ayengenayo engasenathonya umlingisi Leonida Bronevogo, ogama ithalente abadumile kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union iqhawe anecdotes Mueller yadalwa. AmaGestapo, njenganoma iyiphi enye Wesici, kwaba nemibiko sengiprofethile kanye nememorandamu inhlangano bureaucratic. Ngemva kokuwa ukuhlaziywa kwamaNazi eJalimane we lokusinda izinkomba ikhadi namafayela kuthatha isikhathi eside. Kwakuthinta usikhalele leso sikhathi. Lezi zincwadi zaziyizingxenye ubufakazi mayelana nesimo esinonya futhi isigebengu njengoba nobuNazi kaHitler zonke izakhiwo esimweni saso, kuhlanganise amaGestapo.