I jurors - ubani lo? Inqubo Ukukhetha futhi igunya

Ilungu lebandla labasizi bejaji kungaba ngokuphelele noma ubani, okuzokwenza ukukhetha isihloko uhlelo olukhethekile lwe-computer. Lo mcimbi wenziwa kanye eminyakeni emine eyedlule. Esimeni lapho isakhamuzi wakhetha amajaji, kodwa ngenxa yezimo zokuphila awukwazi ukubamba iqhaza ohlelweni kwesivivinyo, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuze uyibike. Ayenqaba ukuhlanganyela inqubo umuntu ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo, umane angenalungelo lokukuthola.

definition

Jurors - abayizakhamuzi abayingenelayo kuzwa namajaji wabantu isinqumo ngalolu daba ukuthi unecala noma cha we ummangalelwa unikele sinqumo yayo.

Iningi labantu abahlala isimo, ube ithemba labo amajaji, hhayi abahluleli professional, ngoba yokugcina kungaba nganoma iyiphi indlela nesithakazelo kule secala, kuyilapho Abahluleli abantu okungahleliwe futhi kungaba elibanzi ukuhlola wonke isithombe utjho kobana kwenzekani ubugebengu. Lona wonke iphuzu zomphakathi.

A amajaji kancane ezithandwa ukonakala kwenza abantu abavamile ukuba ubulungiswa, kodwa kuphela uma kufanelekile zale ndima zonke izimfuneko zomthetho.

Jurors - is, ngaphezu kwakho konke, abantu abavamile kakhulu, abamiswe ukuba indima lamajaji iqhaza intando ukudalelwa. Ngakho, kufanele baveze imizwa yabo kuphela engcono eqinisweni show ukuthi inkantolo nge iqhaza kwabo kungenzeka hhayi kuphela ngoba izigaba ezithile izimo, kodwa futhi nabo bonke abantu izimisele ubugebengu.

Amalungu amajaji

Kulokhu, kuhlolwe amacala obugebengu Kwenziwa amajaji nomahluleli oyingcweti, okunguye kumele uvumelane noma yisiphi isinqumo we bahloli. Kulokhu, umsebenzi osesihlalweni iyohlola wonke umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama kunjalo kusukela iphuzu lomthetho umbono nekwehlukanisa ngokuphelele zonke isenzo sobugebengu, futhi kuphela amajaji unikele isinqumo, okuyinto ukhombise izimpendulo zemibuzo ukubeka kubo.

Ngo inqubo lobugebengu kuhilela:

• Ijaji, ochwepheshe;
• wasemuva;
• umshushisi isimo;
• bahloli (walala abahluleli nenani abantu 12).

Induna, abayoba ukuxhumana Ijaji, amajaji ezikhethiwe kusuka uhla yayo. Wabuye lizwakalise sinqumo edlula zonke bahloli ngazwi linye.

isilawuli zomthetho

Zonke imisebenzi amajaji livikeleke uMthetho Federal of 20.08.2004, № 113-FZ, yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "On Jurors izinkantolo federal yomthetho jikelele Russian Federation". Futhi ikhodi ye inqubo lobugebengu, olubhala lonke ulwazi mayelana ukuziphatha kahle icala bahloli, amalungelo nemisebenzi yabo, ukuze nokuxhumana phakathi usihlalo kanye amajaji ohlolweni.

Izimfuneko ukhetho

Kukhethwa abantu abayoba ubulungiswa njengabahluleli, kwenzeka ngo amasampuli okungahleliwe usebenzisa uhlelo lwekhompyutha, bese njengegunya eliphakeme esiphezulu kwakhiwa izinhlu. Le nqubo wenziwa kanye njalo ngemva kweminyaka emine. Izinhlu kuphela ezimbili - lena ezivamile futhi spare.

Jurors kumele babe nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

• kube abevile eminyakeni engu-25;
• isidingo nerekhodi lobugebengu, uma kuhoxiswa noma kuxazululwe ke umuntu unelungelo ukuba amajaji;
• angeke abhaliswe e psihitiatra kanye wezifo zengqondo;
• abe sisakhamuzi tembuso kantsi ukwazi isiRashiya;
• bakhubazeke emizimbeni;
• hhayi ngaphansi kophenyo, ngamanye amazwi, akanaso isimo umsolwa noma ummangalelwa kuleli cala.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi umuntu kufanelekile bonke izinkomba, indima amajaji non-professional, khona-ke kumelwe uvume amajaji.

Amacala iqhaza

Jurors ukuthatha iqhaza ekuqhubeni phambi kweNkantolo Ephakeme yase Okokuqala Ngokwesibonelo kuphela uma uveza isifiso yayo nobuso ngokwayo, okuyinto usolwa ngokunukubeza ubugebengu sina noma sina ngokukhethekile.

Serious ukuvuma kuphela lezo ubugebengu kabani isijeziso ifinyelela bengekho ngaphezu kwama-10 eminyakeni yokuba umtshingo ubethwa ngubani emphakathini. sina kakhulu - kungcono izenzo elinesijeziso iminyaka engaphezu kuka-10 ejele.

Uma ummangalelwa ungacelanga kokucubungula icala by amajaji, kulesi simo inqubo yenziwa nokugcina yijaji professional ngesisekelo Article 30 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure.

ukwenqaba eyashukumisela

Isakhamuzi, owakhetha amajaji abakwazi nje sithathe futhi wenqaba ukuhlanganyela nazo inqubo, ngoba umsebenzi inkantolo njengoba umsizi weemphathiswa zekhotho - isibopho yayo eqondile zomthetho. Ngenxa jurors - a amajaji non-professional ngezikhathi ezikhethiwe abangekho ngokungenabugovu futhi ngomqondo ovulekile wenze isinqumo oluthinta ngqo phetho yomuntu ukuze bathethelele isiboshwa sakhe noma. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zikhona izimo umuntu umane akukwazi kule indima ngenxa yezimo ezithile ekuphileni, futhi kulokhu umuntu ngokubhala unxusa ophakeme welawulo yesifunda lapho uhlala. Esitatimendeni ukubhala izizathu zokwenqaba, ebhekisela kuyinsakavukela komthetho, okuyinto ubeka ukuthi umuntu esisekelweni ezinjalo kungenzeka ingabi amajaji.

Izizathu okuyinto ungabhala incwadi enjalo kanje:

• ubudala esingaphansi engu-25;
• nerekhodi lobugebengu;
• bemangalelwa ngamacala obugebengu;
• ukukhubazeka, osungulwe igunya zokwahlulela;
• impilo ebuthaka, kuqinisekiswa ithuluzi wezokwelapha;
• thola ezibhaliswe ne-wezifo zengqondo noma udokotela wenqondo;
• abaxhwale ngokomzimba nebubi;
• iminyaka engu-65 noma ngaphezulu;
• uma umuntu umfundisi noma empi; izikhulu zikahulumeni; umahluleli, abameli, bashushisi, amaphoyisa kanye isihloko ekhethekile, waziphatha umsebenzi umphenyi.

Isicelo kubhekwa aphakeme welawulo inkambo izinsuku 5, ngemva kwalokho kungase isinqumo enkantolo ka.

Esimweni lapho isicelo isakhamuzi samukelwa futhi osekelwa amaqiniso ukuthi ngeke abe umahluleli akufanele ngokomsebenzi engiwenzayo, uhlu jurors kufanele zishintshwe nomuntu ayifakiwe ke.

Ukusebenza enkantolo

Uma umuntu namanje wakhetha amajaji futhi baqinisekisa kulesi sikhundla, yena ngaso sonke isikhathi kwecala kuyakuba ekhululiwe umsebenzi eyisisekelo, lapho othola umvuzo ngomsebenzi wakhe e lemali okungukuthi 1/2 ubukhulu amajaji iholo inani lezinsuku eyayibonakala saveza nguye enkantolo. Kulokhu, ngokuba isakhamuzi, le zekhotho akhethiwe, ukulondolozwa umsebenzi wakhe, futhi okhokhela zonke izindleko zokuhamba endaweni kwecala, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Ngaleso sikhathi, umqashi angeke uchithe muntu noma uthumele kwenye indawo.

Call isakhamuzi ukusebenza umahluleli wabantu Kwenziwa kanye ngomnyaka izinsuku ezingu-10, uma ukuhlola kunjalo kusukela amajaji kuqhubeka isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke yonke inkathi kwebulungisa ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwesigwebo.

sinqumo

Ngemva amajaji ngizwile zonke izinhlangothi inqubo, banayo ukuya egumbini inkomfa, lapho azenzele isinqumo sakhe mayelana naleli cala. Njengomthetho, ngaphambi amajaji uthola imibuzo embalwa futhi kudingeka banikeze izimpendulo ezicacile kubo.

Isinqumo se-amajaji - lena isinqumo kwentiwe ngemabomu futsi ngazwilinye ngokuthi enquma isiphetho ummangalelwa. Kufanele ucacise: icala noma cha, futhi ukuphendula imibuzo eminingi nezinye, uma lezo zinto ziye eshiwo usihlalo.

Esimweni ukuthi amajaji isinqumo bathethelele ummangalelwa, ijaji kufanele sikhiphe isahlulelo ukukhululwa , futhi ukuba avumelane naye. Uma sinqumo unecala ke umahluleli can naye futhi akazange azamukele, ngaleyo ndlela ememezela isinqumo salo kanye zichithe amajaji.

Ukwakheka Abahluleli

Kumiswa amajaji ithatha indawo evaliwe enkantolo kweseshini. Kulokhu, bonke abantu akhethwe amasampuli okungahleliwe ukuqaliswa le ndima kungaba lihoxe uma ngasizathu simbe awukwazi ukubamba iqhaza kule nqubo. Futhi kulo mhlangano abathintekayo, ummeli, no kumshushisi womphakathi, yilowo nalowo kubo unelungelo ukubuza imibuzo ka amajaji. Ngemva kwalokho, inkantolo angacela amajaji ukumemezela ukuphikisa eyashukumisela.

Kuzo zonke izakhamuzi ezisele akhethiwe, kuphela wabokuqala 14 abaku- ohlwini. Kulokhu, 12 of them - ibhodi jurors, kanye asele abantu abangu-2 kuyoba sokuphumula. Ngemva uhlu oluphelele wabantu amajaji esifundwe umhlangano, leli qiniso kufanele iqoshwe nguNobhala emlandweni wokuqulwa kwecala enkantolo.

amalungelo

Zonke jurors wamalungelo ngokuphathelene kokuthethwa kwecala, livikeleke Article 333 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure. Noma kunjalo, asikwazi engavimba kunanoma yimuphi kubahlanganyeli enqubeni.

AbaHluleli Unelungelo:

• ukubamba iqhaza kulolu cwaningo kuzo zonke izimo icala;
• ngu owengamele ukubuza imibuzo kuzo zonke izakhamuzi, eziyobusiswa ngemibuzo enkantolo;
• nokuhlola ubufakazi futhi imibhalo;
• ukurekhoda yonke amaqiniso yabo, ukuze zisetshenziswe kamuva ekulungiseleleni izimpendulo zale mibuzo;
• ukuveza ngesicelo enkantolo ukucaciswa kudida imiqondo zomthetho futhi amathuluzi okuye kubhekwe enqubeni.

Jurors awavunyelwe basishiye ngesikhathi sokuthethwa kwecala, ukuxoxa nothile kusukela abantu okungagunyaziwe, kanye ukuthola zonke izimo ubugebengu ngaphandle kwenqubo.

Uma ukwephula imithetho esungulwe walala amajaji, kufanele kulolu hlu futhi esikhundleni ngeminye jurors.

wokuqulwa kwamacala ezinkantolo

Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke futhi emadolobheni amancane iqhaza jurors enkantolo lapho ucabangela izimo ezithile kuba ayeyivelakancane, kodwa nokho, Ezimweni ezinjalo ngezinye izikhathi abazalwane ababehlangabezana nazo umkhuba.

Esinye isibonelo icala lobugebengu kuqinisekisa ngokugcwele leli qiniso.

Citizen usolwa ngokunukubeza ezenzweni zobudlova ezinyantisayo nonya ekhethekile ngokumelene abantu ababili ngaphansi Article 105 Code Yobugebengu. Ubhekene isigwebo kuze kube ukuphila ngedwa emphakathini. Necala isenzo akazange aqaphele, begodu ngiyafakaza bona ngobusuku buddies ukubulala nje walala ngaphansi kwethonya amaphilisi elele olele akakhumbuli lutho. Kulokhu, lo somabhizinisi okushiwo phakathi uphenyo efuna amajaji ucabangela kunjalo. Isicelo sakhe senziwa.

Inkantolo amajaji benecala isakhamuzi izenzo. Ngenxa Ukuthwala aphume Luhlolo lwembula ukuba khona egazini lakhe amaphilisi elele, okuyinto yamukelwa ummangalelwa ngaphambi ukubulala kanye wayesebenza amahora ayishumi nambili. Yingakho kunjalo wathunyelwa isivivinyo entsha, kanye isakhamuzi ikhishwe enkantolo.

Prakthiza ebonisa ukuthi labo abathatha izinqumo - kukhona abantu abangamazi emsebenzini zonke izinkambiso yomthetho, kodwa ubulungiswa kwezinye izimo ungcono ngisho nangaphezu kwanoma ijaji abanekhono. Futhi umphakathi ngakho sifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinqubo of zonya sina noma esinzulu Kwakuseshwa kuphela ukubamba iqhaza, futhi bona ngokuvamile Umsolwa wanxusa ngoba.