Umlobi uNikolay Mayorov: biography, ubuciko

Babengesizukulwane sesishiyagalombili futhi behla emlandweni njengezimbongi zakwaNovice ezazithengiswa yimpi enonya: Mikhail Kulchitsky, Pavel Kogan, Vsevolod Bagritsky, Boris Bogatkov ... Akazange aphile izinyanga eziningana kuze kube neminyaka engu-23 noNikola Petrovich Mayorov, umbhali wenkondlo edumile egameni le Kuzo zonke izizukulwane - "Thina".

Ukuqala kwe-biography

Obaba babo bangabantu abazalwa ngesikhathi sezinsuku ezimbili: i-tsarism eqhubekayo kanye ne-crucible yokugcina yeMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, i-revolution kanye neMpi Yombango. Babekholelwa esikhathini esizayo kangcono futhi lo kholo lwadluliselwa kubantwana. U-Nikolai Mayorov, ongu-biography wakhe ongenakuhlukaniswa nomlando wezwe, wazalwa emndenini wesigaba sokusebenza ngoMeyi 1919. Izwe lakubo liyindawo encane yaseDurovka esifundazweni saseSimbirsk . Lapho, umndeni wawusendleleni eya esifundazweni saseVladimir, izwe lakubo. Kodwa lapho eneminyaka eyishumi ubudala, kanye nabazali bakhe nabafowabo abadala, wathuthela e-Ivanovo, lapho uPeter Maximovitch eyakha indlu e-1st Aviation Street.

Ngesikhathi efunda esikoleni uNombolo 33, u-Nikolai Petrovich waya embuthanweni wombhalo futhi wayaziwa ngokuthi imbongi engcono kakhulu yesikole. Enye yezincwadi zakhe zemibhalo zigcinwe imifanekiso kaNikolai Sheberstov, esikhathini esizayo waba umculi odumile. Babengabangane bakhe kamuva abaqoqa izinkondlo zombongi futhi bavuselela amakhasi we-biography, ngoba bekholelwa kuthelevishini lakhe elingenakuphika.

Izinkondlo zesikole

Ngokwezibalo zabangani, phakathi neminyaka yesikole uNikola Mayorov wayenamahloni lapho ehlukaniswa phakathi kwezimbongi. Futhi labo, ngokuphambene nalokho, bahlambalaza ngalokhu futhi, bengena encwadini yonke encwadini yokubhuka, babuza umthengisi uma engenasithakazelo encwadini yezinkondlo zomlobi odumile uNicokolai Mayorov. Ukuze aqonde injongo yakhe, le nsizwa yathumela isipiliyoni sakhe sokuqala seMoscow, emzini oqinile wokushicilela. "Inkolelo" yamnikeza ukusola, ehlaziya izinto ezithunyelwe ngendlela eningi kakhulu. Namuhla akekho owenza ukuhlaziywa okunjalo, kepha kwakunzima.

Ephendula, wahlanjalazwa ngenxa yobumpofu wesilulumagama kanye nezidumbu ezidumile. Ngicabanga ukuthi ngabe umhleli wayazi ukuthi umfana oneminyaka eyishumi nantathu ubudala wayiphendula yini, hhayi umuntu omdala? Ngo-1960, izincwadi zokuqala ezintathu zokubhala ngesandla zikaMeyivv zizokwenziwa ngumphakathi udadewabo kaMikhail Kulchytsky, lapho umsebenzi wesikole wezondlo uvela khona phambi kwabafundi. Lokhu kuyisiqoqo se "Uhaba", lapho isiprofetho esidabukisayo sichaza khona ngokwaso, izinkondlo ezincane nezinkondlo ezivele zikhuluma kakade ngokuhlukahluka kohlobo, kanye namazwi ahlobene nesithandwa sokuqala senkondlo yentombazane evela "emgwaqweni waseMoscow".

Imfundo:

Incwadi yesithathu ingokwesikhathi saseMoscow, lapho uNikolay Mayorov eba umfundi weMoscow State University. Wangena ngo-1937 e-Faculty of History, kanti abanye bafundela kakhulu emibuthanweni yentsha uBuris Slutsky, uMikhail Lukonin, uDavid Samoilov, owakha umbuthano wokuqala wezincwadi. Umfundi we-Eastfaka owabhala unamahloni ngokumangalisayo washeshe waqashelwa njengeyakhe futhi wayevame ukumenywa ukuba afunde izinkondlo phambi kwezilaleli zabafundi, abamthanda ngokushesha futhi ngokungenasisekelo.

Ukuphumelela kwaphefumulela umbhali, futhi ngo-1939 parallel waqala ukutadisha e- Literary Institute, ehambela isifundvo sezinkondlo sikaPavel Antokolsky, imbongi eyaziwayo yaseSoviet. Ufunde naye, umngane wakhe uMikhail Kulchitsky uzoshiya izinkumbulo, lapho ezobiza khona umngane wakhe ngokuthi "cob," okuyisimangaliso wonke umuntu ayefuna ukuyifinyelela. Amavesi okuqala azophrintwa yi-MSU amaningi, futhi ahlale encwadini kuphela eyashicilela imisebenzi kaMajoror ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe.

Impi yaseFinland

Umfowabo omdala kaNikolai Mayorov Alexey wakhonza ngendiza yezindiza. Futhi ngo-1938 yena ngokwakhe wabona ubufakazi bokufa kwabashayeli bezindiza emaphethelweni ase-Ivanov. Bangcwatshwa ngokuhlonipha, bebeka ithuna esikhundleni segama lokungcwaba indiza yezindiza ephahlazekile. UNicholas wabiza ngokuthi "inkumbulo yokuphakama kwawo", ebhala izinkondlo ezimangalisayo lapho kutholakala khona inothi lokufa kwesosha.

Umngani wakhe e-Ivanovo, uVladimir Zhukov, uzofika ku-Karelian Isthmus, abe yingxenye yempi yaseFinland. Impi yezwe yesibili isivele iqalile futhi ibonise incazelo yayo yangempela, ithwale ukufa nokuhlupheka. UZhukov walimala kanzima, futhi ngemuva kwesibhedlela, abangane babecabanga ukuthi kwakunjani, ukuhlosisa umlilo esitha, ukubhekana nokwesaba empini nokuphila kwilonda, kukhubazekile unomphela. Ngisho noma kunjalo, uNikolay Mayorov, omavesi akhe mayelana nokuqothulwa kokufa kokuqala ebone ukukhanya, waqonda ukuthi angeke adlule inkampani yomshini wezibhamu esikhathini esizayo.

Uthando

I-poet's muse yayingumfundi wakhe u-Irina Ptashnikova, okhanuko lwakhe lokuvubukula aluvumelanga abathandi ukuba baxhumane nempilo yabo. Emva konyaka wokuqala baphupha ngokushada, kodwa u-Irina waya emkhunjini wokuvubukula waya eKhorezm. Kwakunzima ukuqonda lokhu kudala, futhi uNicola Mayorov uzobhala izinkondlo ezithintekayo "Kuwe", lapho azobeka khona u-Irina endaweni yesibili emva kwezinkondlo. U-Irina ngeke athethelele ubukhulu obuncane bomthandi wakhe, futhi bazoqala ukuzihlukanisa.

Ofunda nabo baqonda ukuthi kunzima ukwakha ubudlelwane nabantu ababili abaqinile abavikela ukuzimela kwabo. Kodwa bazohlala bengabangane kuze kube sekugcineni, futhi kusukela phambili u-Nikolai uzobhalela izincwadi zakhe, futhi kusihlwa enkumbulo yakhe owesifazane uzophindaphinda izinkondlo eziningi ngenhliziyo, eziningi zazo ezazinikele kuye.

I-Great Great Patriotic War

Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zempi, okulindelwe okwakuzwakala ekuqaleni kwamashumi amane, umfundi waseMoscow wayeqondiswe ukumba imigodi ephikisana neTank eduze neYelnya. Ingqungquthela yonke yombhalo ibheke phambili, futhi kakade ngoSeptemba Nikolai Mayorov, ozobe ehlukana naye kancane kancane emlandweni wabangane bakhe, uzoya e-Ivanovo ehhovisi lakhe lokubhalisa amasosha. Ngemuva kokudlula izimo ngo-Okthoba, uzobe eseqokelwe kwi-Red Army.

Ebekwe njengomsizi ongumfundisi wezombusazwe, uzoba yingxenye yenkampani yomshini we-gun No. No. 331, ehlanganyela empini e-Smolensk.

Ukufa kwendlovu

Mayelana nokusebenza kukaRzhev-Vyazma ebusika ka-1942 isikhathi eside ezama ukungawusho. Amaqhinga ahlaselayo e-Red Army awazange aphumelele empumelelweni futhi igazi lezinkulungwane zamasosha kanye nezikhulu ezaziqamba ngokuthi indawo eduze neRzhev "isigodi sokufa" zagwinya egazini. Ngeqhwa lama-forty-degree phakathi nezinyanga i-infantry regiment, lapho uNicolai Petrovich Mayorov akhonza khona, wagcina umuzi waseBarsesevo esifundeni saseSmolensk. Lapha ngoFebruwari 8, umsizi wothisha wezepolotiki wawa, ithuna lakhe alizange litholakale isikhathi eside.

U-Irina Ptashnikova akaphumelelanga ukusesha izinsalela zomngane wakhe, wangcwatshwa, njengoba kwenzeka, emathuneni amaningi, kanye nabadlali abayisikhombisa bempi. Kamuva, abahlanganyeli empini kule ndawo ehloniphekile yaseKarmanovskiy bavuselelwa eKarmanovo, lapho bakha isikhumbuzo esikhumbuzo.

Ifa

U-Nikolai Mayorov ungenye yezinkondlo, izinkondlo zakhe ezazingaziwa emphakathini ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphila, kodwa waba izikhulumi zesizukulwane sonke. Umngane wakhe uVladimir Zhukov washicilela ingxenye yezinkondlo zakhe emaphephandabeni wendawo, futhi ngo-1962 washicilela iqoqo elibizwa ngokuthi "We", ukuqoqa ndawonye izinkumbulo zabangane kanye nozakwabo. U-Nikolay Mayorov, onomsebenzi wakhe ongafundiwe ngokugcwele kuze kube manje, unikeze izikhwama zakhe ngemibhalo yesandla kumunye wabangane bakhe. Ngeshwa, azitholakali kuze kube manje. Sekuvele ngo-2013, imisebenzi yokuqala yatholakala ku-archive (RGALI), kodwa lokhu kuyincenye encane yomlobi obhaliwe. Izinkondlo zakhe "Umdwebi" kanye "Umndeni" zagcinwa kuphela ngeziqephu.

Izinkondlo zikaNikolai Mayorov mayelana nempi, noma kunalokho, mayelana nokumemezela kwakhe ngenxa ye "sizukulwane" esiyingxenye yomsebenzi omuhle kanye nemisebenzi ka Konstantin Simonov no-Alexander Tvardovsky, u-Anna Akhmatova no- Olga Berggolts. Waba yilungu elimemezelayo le-Unioners Union, okuyinto ngokwayo eliyingqayizivele. Igama lakhe linikezwe emgwaqweni e-Ivanovo, futhi ngesikhathi sokugubha iminyaka engu-70 kweNqoqo, iSikole saseKarman sathola ilungelo lokuphatha igama lomlobi ovelele. U-Nikolay Mayorov, njengoP. Antokolsky uthe, uzohlala kuze kube phakade enkumbulo yensizwa, njengemigqa yakhe:

"Sasibe mude, sinezinwele ezimnandi.
Ufunda ezincwadini njengezinganekwane,
Mayelana nabantu abashiye, abahlanganyeli,
Ukungakapheli ugwayi wokugcina. "