Siege umbhoshongo: incazelo eklanywe ngokuhlakanipha ngayo. Siege isikhali Ephakathi

Siege izikhali - yobudala efanayo emadolobheni enezivikelo eziqinile. Njengoba kufakazelwa nemivubukulo, beqala uvele eMesophothamiya ku BC II yeminyaka. e. Ezikhathini zasendulo, ukunqoba isimo engumakhelwane lancipha ngokuyinhloko ukuthunjwa izinqaba zalo eziyinhloko. Ngakho, ukuvinjezelwa kwaba amacebo juqu impi yimpumelelo futhi lokuvimbezela isikhali - indlela ephumelelayo sifinyelele lo mgomo.

Siege izikhali yore

izindonga uqweqwe amasango omuzi lo mshini kwezibhamu ngesibhakela usebenzisa nezinqama. Bakhandwa abenziwe ngokhuni obkladyvali isilwane eluhlaza izikhumba ukuze azivikele imicibisholo incendiary kanye Izingxube yalo. Ekupheleni inqama ngokuvamile zethusi abethela futhi kamuva yensimbi ithiphu.

Catapult - esinye isikhali lokuvimbezela, ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ibutho isitha. Amasampula okuqala ayengelona ukushintshashintsha engavamile izitilobho nemicibisholo, ogibele ukuma. Kamuva lasakazekela version mobile, efakwe amasondo kanye ukuthutha isibhamu. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa catapult, strelomety, ballista, onager.

isitebhisi ukunciphisa kukhona izindlela ezivamile lokushaya, ngoba ivumela ukuba ngokushesha okunqoba izithiyo. Uma ubude bawo mufushane kuka ukuphakama odongeni, bese ukunweba intambo ayesebenzisa amanetha nensimbi izingwegwe benzelwe kuya imibhoshongo odongeni.

Siege umbhoshongo Sekungamakhulu eminyaka abaningi baqhubeka ongomunye wemishini esetshenziswa kakhulu nge nokuvinjelwa edolobheni, futhi kamuva izinqaba yangenkathi ephakathi. Eyokuqala yalezi uvele eMpumalanga Lasendulo, futhi njengoba ezinye izinguquko eziye zasetshenziswa ngempumelelo kuze Ephakathi.

Ukukhuluma bokuqala a Fort

Asiriya baye baphendukela ukuvinjezelwa emadolobheni kwezobuciko. Ngenxa abavubukuli siyazi manje, olufana izigodlo baseNineve - dolobha yase-Asiriya lasendulo. Imifanekiso Giant obabuhlobise ukuthi ezindongeni zesigodlo, uphawu zonke tricks base-Asiriya babesebenzisa ngenxa yokuvinjezelwa amadolobha.

Okunabileko iboniswa kubo a Fort. Kwaba isakhiwo multiwheel sokhuni, limbozwa ngomata. Phambi kulo mshini kwadingeka umbhoshongo omncane, lapho amasosha baphephela nge ziyalungiswa. Yiqiniso, ama-Asiriya ababethatha kuphela owasebenzisa nezempi efanayo.

Xenophon, isazi-mlando esingumGreki futhi nomholi wezempi, akasilahlile incazelo izimoto elalihambisana ibutho likaKoresi. Kulo sifunda ukuthi amaPheresiya waba umbhoshongo lokuvimbezela izindaba eziningana high. Phansi, kuhlanganise amasondo, yema ngasemnyango 5.6 m ngaphezu komhlabathi, isisindo imoto ezingaphezu kwezingu-3 wamathani. Ukuze ukuhamba kwayo esetshenziswa 8 kube ngokweminikelo yephasika. Nokho, ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi la kwemibhoshongo ayehloselwe hhayi kakhulu lokushaya, kodwa kunalokho ukuba silondoloze ibutho empini.

Art ukuvinjezelwa kweCarthage neGreece

AbaseCarthage okwenzeka eMpumalanga, ngakho sajabula ujwayelene izinqama imibhoshongo yokuvimbezela umuzi eyakhiwe. Diodor Sitsiliysky, echaza ekuvimbezeleni emadolobheni yesiGreki. Sicily ibutho waseCarthage esikaHannibal, ngokukhethekile, libhekisela ukuphakama elihlukile kwemibhoshongo, ezinde ezindongeni Selinunte. Slingers futhi amabutho alwa ngeminsalo, ababengaphesheya izitezi basembhoshongweni, umxhwele kalula abavikeli leli dolobha, njengoba nje kuvela udonga lomuzi.

abalobi abane lasendulo Ukulondolozile Kithi gelepolya incazelo - giant imibhoshongo yokuvimbezela umuzi eyakhiwe, esetshenziswa amaGreki. Ngasinye ohlangothini base isondo umshini uyalingana 21 m, futhi crossbeams yayo isikhala yangaphakathi ihlukaniswe lapho waphumula labo wathutha umbhoshongo phambili. Gelepol yena wayenokuqonda 9 izibuya zixhunywe izitebhisi ezimbili: ukuze uthole phansi futhi avuke.

Ngasinye phansi ngaphambili ohlangothini namafasitela nge amafasitela lokhuni owavula ngesikhathi yokudlala projectiles. It kungenziwa bazitshela ukuthi amamitha a nzima lokuvimbezela mbhoshongo mayelana 40 okusezingeni eliphezulu yayihamba kancane kakhulu, nakuba izincazelo ke wasibeka kanjani iragela phambili, asizange sisinde. Ukuze uvikele ukwakhiwa okhuni umlilo, ohlangothini nezindonga phambi igcwele yensimbi noma isikhumba ezihlalweni.

Ukuhlasela umbhoshongo Roma

Cishe kusukela BC II leminyaka. e. Roma waqala izikhandle kakhudlwana ekufuneni usebenzise umbhoshongo ngesikhathi evimbezela emadolobheni. Isazi-mlando sezempi lasendulo Vegetius kushiya incazelo sasivumela enemininingwane izimoto ukulwa. Kule kusobala ukuthi amaRoma pragmatic ayethanda amasu ukusebenza, kunokuba izama hit isitha lingakanani.

Ngokusho Vegetius, Tower ( "Tour" - kusukela Latin turres ambulatorie) ukuthi ihlukaniswe yaba amazinga amathathu. Esitezi behlaliswe a ziyalungiswa, le Ibhuloho eliphakanyiswayo elingena yesibili kocingo Ababazi bakha, futhi ekugcineni, olwesithathu - nesigcawu abacibisheli nomkhonto throwers. Lokhu umbhoshongo, kuye ngokuthi isimo sezwe kanye ukuphakama izindonga zomuzi akwazi ukuxoxa 15 noma ngisho 27 amamitha.

Design sheathe amashidi lensimbi noma isikhumba futhi zezindwangu Quilts materials non-ezivuthayo. Lapho umbhoshongo safinyelela izindonga emzini ovinjezelwe, ibhuloho esitezi sesibili uqokelwe, ukunika amandla amasosha ukuya ibhilidi likamasipala.

A Fort Ephakathi

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngempucuko yasendulo beshiye esigabeni yomlando, impumelelo yabo emkhakheni eziphathelene nezempi saqhubeka sisetshenziswa Ephakathi. Siege izinjini, kuhlanganise kwemibhoshongo lokushaya yasetshenziswa ukuze ukuvinjelwa kokubili amadolobha kanye izinqaba yangenkathi ephakathi. design yabo kanye amaqhinga zisebenzisa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo akukashintshi.

Njengoba nje ngaphambili, ngeNkathi Ephakathi zazakhiwe ukhuni, lidwetshwe izikhumba Equine noma sezinkomo. Phezulu umbhoshongo babe crossbowmen futhi abacibisheli, izihlilingi ngezinye izikhathi ezincane. Phansi aphansi kwakuhlezi inqama i ithiphu yensimbi noma sokuprakthiza, okuyinto lanyakazisa izindonga ezakhiweni zamatshe aqoshiwe.

Ukuvinjezelwa izinqaba medieval

Umsebenzi wokulungiselela angaphambi kwe- Storming enqabeni noma edolobheni, safuna esiningi kanye nemali. Futhi imali kwakungeyona esingasebenzi. Ngokuvamile benzile forays ngaphansi ebusuku angena ekamu lesitha ukubhubhisa izakhiwo lokuvimbezela, kuhlanganise emibhoshongweni yokhuni.

Umbelesele inqaba nge isitebhisi kwaba ithuluzi lokuqala elalisetshenziswa nemabutfo. Uma ungaphumeleli ke kwathatha ukuvinjelwa eside futhi kulethwa ngokudlala nqaba. Move kulona usebenzisa ngamawinji eduze udonga inqaba. Uma othile yimpumelelo umphumela iqhinga lokushaya kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha ixazululwe.