Umlando umsuka imali

Umlando umsuka imali itholakala ngokuba sibuyele emuva ezikhathini zasendulo. Kufika isikhathi esithile, ukuhweba kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa exchange of izimpahla. Kodwa uma esethula okulingana olulodwa, okuyinto kwakufanele abe ekhona izimakethe lezimpahla, ukulinganisa izindleko.

Umsebenzi we okulingana sokuqala esenziwa ezihlukahlukene imikhiqizo. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Iceland lasendulo - ezweni labadobi amatilosi - "imali" kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso izinhlanzi (zonke sithengiselane sama-cod). Ezinkondlweni Homeric inani izinkunzi ukhombe nenani elilodwa noma omunye umkhiqizo.

Phela, umqondo wegama elithi "imali" ku ivelaphi eduze igama elithi "izinkomo". Ngakho, Old yengcebo kwesikhulu lalibizwa ngokuthi "cowgirl" kanye noMgcinimafa ngokuthi "cattleman", naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abaningi abanengxenye babeneminyaka yengcebo futhi bullion igolide noboya.

Ezikhathini zasendulo, displacement njalo ezinye abahwebi nezimpahla alethwe ngokuphazamisa sina. Kube isidingo okulingana esitebeleni. Ngakho kwakhiwa preconditions ngoba ukuvela imali.

Ngonyaka 1200 BC u abalingisa amagobolondo ezazilenga sikhombisa uhlamvu Chinese. Wathi ukuma "imali". Ngakho, kancane kancane waqala bengena okulingana ukuphila unomphela.

"Izinhlamvu zemali" ngokuthi Juno (unkulunkulukazi eRoma sidilizwa), ithempeli kuyinto 3-e. BC. e. Mint sasikhona.

Metal imali isibe ifomu kuqala kunazo ezivamile futhi eside ezikhona. Inani zemali elondolozwe ezweni lanamuhla. imali Metallic wakhonza tintfo letitinhlobonhlobo. Kwakuwusuku ezivamile zethusi, igolide, isiliva. Ezweni lanamuhla elisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa kwe ushintsho oluncane Yenziwe Alloys ezahlukene, lapho ingxenye aluminium isetshenziswa, nickel nezinye izakhi.

Umlando umsuka imali ihlobene eduze wemisebenzi ebhaliwe. "Promise ukukhokha" saqala ukuvela e-China. Bethula irisidi, okuyinto ekhishwe ngaphansi amagugu ethile, ukuhweba-ezitolo ekhethekile yokugcina.

Abacwaningi kude kangaka awukwazi oyingqayizivele igama kuleli zwe lapho kuvela umlando umsuka imali. Kukholakala ukuthi izinhlamvu zemali zokuqala zenziwa eyakhishwa ngo 7. BC. e. Umlando ayenza lezi waqala ngaleso sikhathi e-China. Izwe baqala, ukukhiqiza futhi iphepha amanothi, Nokho ngemva kwesikhathi eside kakhulu (ekhulwini lesi-8. BC. E.). EJapane, abahambi eziningi nje ukuzobuka lwemali lokuqala.

Umlando umsuka imali (iphepha) e China ihlobene eduze kwavela abakhwabanisi kuqala. Iqiniso liwukuthi lapho imali iphepha kungenzeka umklomelo wegolide ngokukhululekile ukudlula abantu abaningi futhi ashesha ukusizakala.

Njengoba yaziwa, umshini wokuqala wokunyathelisa ngezinhlamvu yasungulwa ngo Gutenberg e 1440. Yiqiniso, lwenzelwe ukushicilelwa izincwadi, kodwa ngokushesha kwakuhileleke yena, ukuba kukhululwe imali. Ngakho, kwakukhona indlela sasivumela kuyashesha futhi kulula yokukhiqiza izikweletu.

Ukuvulwa kwe-State lokuqala Central Bank of Sweden kwaba isenzakalo esibalulekile kakhulu wonke umnotho womhlaba. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1661.

Kwabe sekuqala inkathi ngokwanele omude alikho izwe akazange alinge ukuvula namakani ekhaya. Futhi kuphela 1801 benza ebhange lokuqala emaphakathi eFrance.

A level entsha kwezomnotho safinyelela US ngo-1824, isethulo yokukhokha cashless, kakhulu lula ekukhokhweni zigqila ezinkulu. Ngo-1944 kwafika kwegazi ezweni lwemali adumile "US dollar".

Ngo-1990, kwakunabamemezeli imali yokuqala electronic, lapho amaningi abathengi ongakhokhela ukuthengwa intern.

Ngo-2002 kwafika kwegazi kungenye lwemali owaziwa - the "euro". Emazweni amaningi isetshenziswa njengendlela lwemali kazwelonke.