Umsuka imali: imfundiso yokuziphendukela eziyisisekelo izimbangela, imiphumela

Imali namuhla ingenye izikhungo ebaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho lesintu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo abantu bajwayele kubo ukuze akazange nokuyicabanga ukuthi kwake kwaba nesikhathi lapho lezi izicucu zamaphepha nensimbi izingcezu kwakungafanele emehlweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsuka kanye umsebenzi imali sekuyisikhathi eside nesithakazelo zezomnotho abavelele mlando, abaningi babo yokubhekana nalenkinga, ukuzama ukuthola izimpendulo zemibuzo eminingi mayelana ukuvela umphakathi kanye nesimo.

Zonke mbono lapho ososayensi bazama ukuba asikhanyisele umsuka imali zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu - lajulile futhi kwemvelo. Abagqugquzeli ngowokuqala yalezi isinyathelo kusukela izikhundla ukuthi umsuka imali ehambisana ne-sivumelwano ngokwethukela phakathi kwabantu, ukudambisa exchange elilodwa lezimpahla enye. Ethandwa kakhulu ithiyori abazibheka esetshenziswa endulo, Ephakathi Yokukhanyiselwa Nokho, manje eziningi zezomnotho baphikisa ngokuthi imali - it is ngokuyinhloko kuchazwe umhlangano nomphakathi.

Ukuthuthukiswa inombolo wesayensi ekuqa- XVIII-XIX eminyaka. Kwaholela ekubeni yokuthi amalungiselelo amaningi rationalists abangu ngaphansi ukugxeka zazinzima kakhulu. Bakhandwa indawo abasekeli ukuziphendukela kwemvelo umqondo imali isikhungo. babashayeli Iningi elandelanayo lo mqondo waqala u-Adam Smith, Marx, Ricardo. Ngokusho kwabo, umsuka imali futhi ukuziphendukela kwaso yayihlobene ngokuqondile exhumene ne ukuthuthukiswa siqu nobudlelwane lezimpahla-imali. Ikakhulukazi le osebenza ku yinkimbinkimbi inqubo ukukhiqizwa, abasebenzi ukukhiqiza ukukhula kanye Imininingwane ukubaluleka insalela umkhiqizo.

Umsuka wegama imali ngokuhambisana lo mbono sachaza okushiwo isidingo ongacabangi abantu abathile nje ukushintshanisa umkhiqizo eyodwa kuya kwenye, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo bese sithole imbuyiselo, inqubo eyayingase isetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo.

umqondo kwemvelo is kuxhumene kakhulu ngokungenakuhlukaniswa umsuka nemisebenzi imali. Ngakho, uma ekuqaleni imali ayelula ngisho ifomu ngephutha lenani ke kamuva aziphendukanga kuphela ifomu jikelele value, kodwa futhi kuyindlela yokuthola ingcebo ekuqongeleleni, kanye okulingana oyinhloko zonke impahla, kubandakanya ukusebenza.

Umsuka wegama imali - inqubo eside ngokwanele, okubandakanya izigaba eziningana ehluke kakhulu. yi Jikelele wayo wukuthi imali is ibe ifomu eziyisisekelo value. Futhi lokhu awasebenzi kuphela izinto ezibonakalayo futhi izinto, kodwa futhi imiqondo ezifana zabasebenzi, lokusungula ezingokomoya, ukuqashelwa emphakathini. Umsuka imali futhi ukuziphendukela kwaso, okuyinto lusaqhubeka, wakhonza njengephayona ngesisekelo ukwabelana zonke sphere kwezomnotho izimpahla kanye nezinsizakalo ezisesandleni Ukudidiyela uhlelo ngenzuzo, nemali, okuyinto ukwenza njenge okulingana jikelele.

Umsuka imali, kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa abasekeli imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yaholela ekubeni kudingeke Amathrendi ebalulekile elandelayo. Okokuqala, kokuvela njengoba ifomu lezimpahla imali ngokushesha wayehlukile lokhu isisindo Imininingwane, sicabangela ukuqaliswa eziningi nobudlelwano zomphakathi. Okwesibili, kakhulu ukuvela imali - inqubo eside kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo - a yemvelo, ngakho ayikho imiyalo kwaphezulu abakwazi zinyamalale. Okwesithathu, indima ebalulekile kulo ukuvela imali odlale uMbuso zona baye baba phakathi kwezisulu ngamatshe khona isikhungo kahle kwemandla embuso. Isimo wathatha phezu ukuqaliswa kwemisebenzi ebalulekile efana ekushayweni imali amafa, ekutholweni zabo zenani eliyimali, ngisho kwencazelo zangaphandle uhlobo imali. Ikakhulukazi indima engadlalwa uhulumeni e yemali Inqubomgomo inyuka ngesikhathi lapho kukhona Ukuyekwa kwezindlela okuqukethwe igolide imali, futhi eziningi ishiywa amandla ngokushesha.