Callisto. Isethelayithi waseGalile iqembu nomakhelwane balo yasezulwini

Le ndoda yayingeve njalo ithande kwenzekani esibhakabhakeni. Amaplanethi ezisesimisweni sethu sikanozungezilanga kubonakale kukhanga ikakhulukazi, ngoba azidingi abaseduze nathi. Manje, lapho i-Jupiter waya imoto ucwaningo "Juno", umphakathi wezwe lonke is ngabomvu imiphumela imibono yakhe. Okokuqala, umshini ithumele Io izithombe ezicacile, i-Europa ne Ganymede. Callisto, ezimbili inombolo satellite iqembu waseGalile kangenanga endle umbono zedivayisi. Ilindele idatha entsha mayelana iplanethi kanye izinyanga yayo Kuhle ukukhumbula esikwaziyo kubo okwamanje.

iziphuphutheki

Okwamanje, ikhulu namashumi iziphuphutheki evulekile yiRefa. Abane kubona inkulu ngokwanele, kanti bonke abanye mancane kakhulu.

Zonke inyanga Jupiter ihlukaniswe iqembu zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.

iqembu satellite yasekhaya kuhlanganisa izindawo eziyisishiyagalombili. Bonke ilingise indiza amaplanethi, omise zabo kukhona isiyingi. Lezi iziphuphutheki, e zona zihlukaniswe zibe sub-ngamaqembu:

• Omunye wabo ihlanganisa Metis, Adrastea, Amalthea futhi Teba. Lemigwamanda encane, kusukela km 20 kuya ku-250 ububanzi, wababiza ngokuthi "iqembu Amalthea."
• I iqeqebana yesibili yakhiwa iziphuphutheki ezine waseGalile.

iziphuphutheki kwangaphandle - iyona umzimba, esingeqile amakhilomitha ambalwa. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke lezi zakhiwo - Himalaya. Ubukhulu bayo - km 170 kuphela. Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga ngokuthi ngenxa yokuthi azungeze amabanga amade uma liya kusukela iplanethi, omise zabo kukhona okweqanda futhi akhiwe nge-engela omkhulu Jupiter. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngokungafani kuya iziphuphutheki iqembu yangaphakathi lezi uphendukisa kolunye uhlangothi kuya ukujikeleza giant. Lokhu orbit libizwa retrograde. Ngo isayensi ngokuvamile emizimbeni ezinjalo zinikezwa amagama ukuthi iphele "e", ngaphandle kokubheka behlonipha igama esethiwa kabani. izinyanga bangaphandle encane ukuze bakwazi kubhekwe kuphela izibonakude ezinamandla kakhulu.

Iningi iziphuphutheki zatholakala e mbhangqwana yokugcina amashumi eminyaka, njengoba osayizi yabo awavunyelwe ukuwabuka namadivayisi zeminyaka eyedlule. Nokho, izazi zesayensi azikuqondi ngakususi ukuthi eminyakeni ezayo ke kuyotholakala kwabanye iziphuphutheki amaplanethi amakhulukazi.

izinyanga waseGalile

Iqembu latholakala 1610 by uGalileo Galilei. Wayebuka kubo kwelinye izibonakude kuqala. Lezi izinyanga zinkulu kangangokuthi kuyabonakala noma ngokusebenzisa isibonakude.

Ganymede

Elikhulu kunawo wonke, hhayi nje phakathi izinto eduze Jupiter, kodwa futhi phakathi kwawo wonke iziphuphutheki sonozungezilanga. Ngakho ukuthi kukhona satellite - kuba kunangendlela ububanzi Mercury. Akungabazeki ukuthi kukhona, kubalulekile ukuba siphendukele izibalo: ububanzi Ganymede - 5262 km, enyangeni - 3474,2 Mercury - 4880. Ngakho, uma into ijikeleziswa emhlabeni ukukhanya kwethu, ubuyoba iplanethi! Nokho, naphezu usayizi umxhwele, Ganymede isigamu mass ka Mercury. Lokho nokho kwenza kube satellite olusindayo zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Kernel Ganymede elicibilikile, it has magnetosphere abanye umoya usesimweni enokulandelela asalile oxygen. Planet embozwe ungqimba amanzi ice. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu ungqimba efihla amanzi olwandle. Uma kungenjalo ukuze Amazing fluxes kwemisebe Jupiter, ososayensi baye babenza wonke umzamo wokuba siphishekele ezifundwa satellite.

Callisto

amancane kancane ububanzi - 4820,6 km - Callisto. I-satellite, esivele uthumele apharathasi isithombe "Juno", imbozwe yiqhwa. I ukushuba lesi sendlalelo - komyalelo wokungabi km 200. Usayizi uhla izinyanga ezisesimisweni sethu sikanozungezilanga, indawo yesithathu kuthatha Callisto (inyanga). Mercury kule simo akusona ngoba iplanethi. Nokho, osayizi zabo kukhona efanayo, nakuba isisindo nenyanga iplanethi enkulu ilahlekelwa kangakanani.

Jupiter amabutho olwandle mkhulu kangangokuthi Callisto - satellite kugxile kuye kakhulu ngendlela, futhi emhlabeni wonke.

A isithakazelo esikhethekile ososayensi le into ngenxa yokuthi kubonakala sengathi ofanele kakhulu imishini ku kwesisekelo salo esikhathini esizayo. Kubonakala kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

- Callisto - satellite kabani orbit kudlule umngcele emisebeni enamandla Jupiter.

- Indawo yayo kuyinto ice amanzi, khona-ke ukungabikho kwamanzi lapho ngeke usakubona.

- inyanga kaJupiter Callisto kwamiswa iminyaka engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 4 edlule, ukuthi cishe iqinisekisa kwato umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu.

Europe

Kuyinto owesincane iqembu satellites. Ubukhulu bayo - 3.138 km. kwamaplanethi core sensimbi. Njengoba Ganimed futhi, Europa satellite embozwe amanzi ice. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi njengoba ulwandle ezifihlwe ngaphansi. Kungenzeka usawoti. Kuyinto lezi expanses amanzi zidonse ukunaka kwanoma ososayensi. Iqiniso lokuthi leli qhwa nansi thinnest - amakhilomitha ayi-10-30 kuphela. Akwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umfutho ophakeme yadalwa. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi ukuba namanzi kungenxa lokushisa omuhle. Indlela lokhu kubaluleke kangaka? Ososayensi banethemba lokuthi amanzi afudumele kungaba umthombo wokuphila. Lamaqiniso akwenza Europe into enjalo ezinjani ukuze ukutadisha kube ezihlukahlukene isikhala ejensi. I ethile kuphela - ngemisebe, ngoba eYurophu ngaphakathi emkhakheni emisebeni ye-Jupiter.

Io

Esiseduzane inyanga iplanethi. A core sensimbi, isiphuku liquid uqweqwe. The main isici - ukuntengantenga umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Lokhu isiphuphutheki izintaba-mlilo ezingaphezu kuka-400, ngamunye okuyinto osebenzayo.

izinyanga kaJupiter Io, Europa, Ganymede futhi Callisto e ezinyangeni ezimbili ezizayo uzobe uhlolisisa kanye iplanethi uqobo. Ososayensi banethemba lokuthi ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, bayoba eziningi ulwazi olusha, ukuze bazokwazi uqaphele iphupho lakhe - ukuqhubekela ukulihlola iziphuphutheki ukuthola ukuphila kunoma yiluphi uhlobo.