Kizhi igceke lesonto. Karelia: izikhangibavakashi

Yini Russian akezwa lokho Kizhi igceke lesonto Kizhi? Yiqiniso, uma kukhona ujwayelene inhlangano ebuntwaneni: emnyuziyamu eziyingqayizivele ongumlimi nesiko North isiRashiya, eyinkimbinkimbi original amasonto lwamakholi isiRashiya, ogama izindonga zakhiwe ngaphandle izipikili. Isikhombi Ensemble yezakhiwo Church kwekhulu XVIII, ezakhiwe esiqhingini ukhuni, kubhekwa impahla Okwezwe Wezamafa by UNESCO zindlela. Kumelwe kuvunywe ukuthi eRussia kwenye wahlala izakhiwo ezinkulu ukuze, imisebenzi Folk izakhiwo sokhuni (nakuba namanje ekhulwini XIX base ngempela eziningi).

Akumangalisi izisebenzi bajwayelane umlando Karelia, igama Museum, njengoba umthetho, is adidayo. "Futhi liphi igceke lesonto izwi?" - ucela insizwa, uncoma uyazicabangela zokungena lokhuni arched, ribbed lwamakholi izindonga, omangalisayo zibe maholoholo Dome. "Futhi hhayi ukuthi!" - waphendula wathi Zhvanetskogo. Lena endala umqondo wokuqala Russian of izwi lasendulo. Ngo Karelia ku XIII - eminyaka xv, njengoba kwake ngokuthi njengenhlangano sokuqondisa, angesabi savela ku amashumi amaningana noma ngisho namakhulu emaphandleni aseduze. Futhi lokhu okuqukethwe oluhambisana isimo njengoba isikhungo Kizhi olubanzi Spassky Kizhi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqondo oshiwo ngenhla of ekuqaleni ezincane kanye ukushintsha incazelo yalo original. It is, 'agxilile "njengoba isici siye endaweni enkulu (Hhayi sokuqondisa, kodwa yesonto lakhe emathuneni.) Kulapho kuphela kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII kwaba esontweni engenabantu nge emathuneni eceleni kwakhe.

Kizhi - lo mkhuba kazwelonke, umphakathi

Njengoba umlando ubonisa, Kizhi Pogost mayelana 130 united imizana ezizungezile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu kunawo wonke kuwo - Velikaya Guba Kosmozero, Sennaya Guba Tipinitsy - futhi okwamanje nemizana asebenzayo. nemizana okunjalo mlando ocebile Karelia zamanje. Izikhangibavakashi izakhiwo zendawo - ikakhulukazi abantu kokuxazulula. Kufika ngekhulu XVIII kulomhlaba wenziwe isinqumo sokuba kwakhiwe akuyona Ibusa iziphathimandla nomphakathi, ingxenye okwakukhona kulo abathengisi - the abashisekeli main. Izingcweti engcono bathathwa ukwakhiwa amathempeli ngawo ukubonisa ukuqiniseka emizaneni. Kwakumelwe, njengoba umthetho, abantu "ngezinkulumo nombono wokuthi" kanye negama ukwakhiwa oyakhayo sengathi ingoma. injongo kuphela babengakholwa evunywe amajaji noma iyiphi ekusakazeni. Kwadingeka isisusa ligugu: inhlonipho abantu, awubufakazi wokugubha uyakufanelekela kakhulu. Le nkathi - esiteji "izakhiwo zomphakathi" - ungabiza zezimbali izakhiwo Russian lokhuni.

ubunjalo esasenza Karelia

namathafa Eyingqayizivele ubuhle bendalo abadumile Karelia. Izikhangibavakashi kulendawo kukhona eyaziwayo. Imvelo endawo ucingo nigxilile echibini-ihlathi. Ehlathini likhula kusuka ezindaweni ezinamadwala wendawo. Domain Karelia ezinye izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu eYurophu amachibi - Ladoga nendawo ethize 17 700 km Finyelela ² futhi Onezhskoye (9900 m ^2).

amakhilomitha Ngaphansi kuka-70 enhloko-dolobha yayo, emzini Petrozavodsk, lapped ngasemanzini yeLake Onega, kuyinto esiqhingini Kizhi (e ubudala Russian "Kizhi" kusho "ukuzijabulisa".) Le edolobhaneni eliseduze endleleni eya Museum lathumela, ngokwendawo eziphathelene Medvezhegorsk p-kahle, - emzaneni Velikaya Guba.

Siyakwamukela ku-Kizhi!

Nsuku zonke, umnyuziyamu yezakhiwo livulekele bonke labo abafisa ukuba amvakashele ehlobo esuka eziyisishiyagalombili kwabayisishiyagalombili, ebusika - kusuka 10 ⁰⁰ 16 ^00. Ngokomlando, esiqhingini Kizhi kungenziwa ngokuthi indawo yokuzinikela, eyayisetshenziselwa ukuthumela iholide of imicikilisho yobuKristu. Ayemaningi kwenzekani amaholide abalimi, bese ihlelwe mkhosi.

Lesi siqhingi uhlobo kwalokho esicacile imisebenzi yezandla zomuntu, ebukekayo izivakashi butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela iziqhingi enamadwala nge gulfs okwesibhakabhaka phakathi kwazo. Uma sisebenzisa service imephu, ungabona: Kizhi kumephu Russia anixhunyiwe oya ezwekazini ngemigwaqo. Nokho, lesi siqhingi, sibonga ezokuthutha amanzi itholakala kabanzi. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezivakashi Russian kanye angaphandle zonke ukuvakashelwa ngonyaka kule ndawo enhle. By the way, eyinkimbinkimbi emlandweni futhi yokwakha Kizhi ungowokuqala ezivulekile Museum, wavula eRussia.

Uma unquma on a cruise motor-umkhumbi kusuka Petersburg enhlokodolobha izakhiwo zasendulo, esiqhingini Kizhi ikhadi uzothola isipho. Kusukela ngo-May kuya ku-December, futhi lapha ungathola kuya "Meteor" futhi "lezinkanyezi ezinomsila", wahlukana Petrozavodsk ukuze Station Water.

Navigation phakathi izivakashi ezivela udebe eliphezulu (engafinyelelwa ngemoto) ukunikezela izikebhe osomabhizinisi. vnenavigatsionny Thrill efanayo ngesikhathi lapho echibini buhlangene, babevamise ukuya Ukushushuluza, futhi exotic travel - inja ledding.

Russian izihambi

Efika esiqhingini, izivakashi abakghona ukukhetha omunye ezintathu hambo lwamahora amabili ngezinyawo. Eyokuqala - kwi eziyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo main (indilinga encane). Umqondo uwukuthi ubuyekeze yesibili Folk Russian futhi Karelian izakhiwo sokhuni (isiyingi esikhulu). Esesithathu wethula emizaneni isiqhingi. ezintathu embukisweni ezisekelweni "Pryazhinskoye Karelia", "Russian Zaonezhye", "Russian Pudozh" axazulule emizaneni yakuleyo ndawo. Emaphandleni mlando Fossa futhi Vasilyevo futhi ifa esiyingqayizivele izakhiwo yezakhiwo.

Administration Museum futhi ihlelwe eziningi Ukubuyekeza ezengeziwe, interactive, izinkambo thematic izivakashi yazo zonke Kizhi. Architecture, Yiqiniso, ukukhangana main izivakashi zendawo, hhayi kuphela isiRashiya, kodwa futhi zivela kwamanye amazwe. Phela, izakhiwo zenkolo zasendulo lingasempumalanga yalesi siqhingi, uthome-yalolucwaningo 50 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka, kulekelelwa elibuyiselwe kabusha lwamakholi izakhiwo ezidingekayo ukuze izindlu. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu embukisweni main, izivakashi ungabona kuyo lokhu kwenzeka esiqhingini ukuphila okungokomoya futhi kwezomnotho we abalimi. Ukuze uthole ujule ku impilo kwalesi sigodi Russian of XVII - XVIII eminyaka, ekuphathweni Museum-reserve ihlelwe "Izinsuku yezandla, abantu kumnandi nemidlalo" izenzo temdzabu yaseshashalazini ethnographic, yezandla fair, futhi ekupheleni ehlobo iqala Kizhi Regatta.

izakhiwo Yabantu ngokhuni - yifa Karelia

Kizhi ingenye esikhulu kunazo zonke eRussia nokongiwa yezakhiwo izindawo, uziqhenya kakhulu Karelia. Izikhangibavakashi Folk Russian izakhiwo yalesi sifunda Nokho, akunqunywa kuphela ukuchayeka wathi; nampa emelwe esiqhingini Lake Ladoga (Valaam Monastery). Bakhe bake bavakashelwa ababusi Russian. Kube wavakashela Alexander Dumas. Abaningi abaculi omkhulu Russian (Vasiliev, Kuinzhi Shishkin), izimbongi futhi abalobi (Tiutchev, Leskov, Shmelev) wathola isiqondiso lapha. Kafushane, Karelia ibalazwe nokuzwa (hhayi izakhiwo nje - kukhona nemvelo reserves namapaki kazwelonke) kuzosiza izivakashi ukukhetha Uhlelo yabo ezithakazelisayo.

amasonto ensemble

Kodwa emuva nesihloko eyinhloko kulesi sihloko. Ohlukile Kizhi kunqunywa kuphela eziningi-oluyingungu isimo Church emhlabeni, ezakhiwe ngendlela yendabuko-Russia - ngaphandle nail olulodwa. Eceleni kwakhe ukwenza izinkonzo ebusika (enyakatho emva zonke) kungenye ethempelini mnogokupolny, evuthayo, - Church of the lokulabhela Virgin. Esesithathu yokwakha ebaluleke kakhulu eqenjini lomculo omangalisayo iyona belfry Kizhi. Duzane letintfo ezintathu Russian Folk izakhiwo manje babuyiselwe kocingo, kodwa hhayi eyenziwe izingodo, njengoba kwakunjalo ekuqaleni, futhi ezinkulu.

Ngokomlando okusezingeni eliphezulu kocingo enamandla kuyinto edingekayo ebalulekile komngcele Sweden emathuneni Russian. A uhlelo olulodwa ne izakhiwo ngenhla omunye imibhoshongo yabalindi - Izindlwana esiqhingini Kizhi, akhiwe ezindaweni yisakhiwo sodumo ezizungezile impumuzo isiqhingi.

Legend of umakhi Nestor

Indaba ngalokhu Lacy emangalisayo sesakhiwo ukhuni usafuna ukuqala legend. Ngemva Kizhi Pogost - izwe zinganekwane, omunye eyethula ukuba indoda ithalente emangalisayo, ukwakha real isimangaliso ezenziwe umuntu - an amazing isonto 22-oluyingungu. Sibe abakhi lasendulo ukuze ngilimise, noma "izihlahla umndeni ekhazimulayo", akukho isimo isimo. Igugile ekujuleni la makhulu eminyaka futhi Umlandvomphilo yabo kanye namagama. Kodwa igama isimanga master Russian Nestor namanje esekhona.

Ngokusho yetinsita ethandwa, ebona indawo yokwakha yeSonto isimo, indiva eyenziwa ngaye ufundiswa umhlaba phakathi amahlozi zokhuni. Lapha prolamyvayas ngokusebenzisa amahlozi (e ongaqondakali izindlela lokusungula), ngokudlula Kizhi igceke lesonto, wathola incwadi engcwele, ukufunda Kwenziwa imini nobusuku.

Ngo imisebe rising sun master, ebheka phezulu kusukela encwadini Amakhasi phakathi amaconsi amazolo on the picture utshani wabona ikusasa esontweni ... wabe esememezela njengoba ubuthaphuthaphu: "Isakhiwo kuyoba lapha"

Lapho uJesu enza isimangaliso esikulu-ibandla elakhiwa phezu kwalo kusukela amabhodi ukulungele ngokukhethekile pine, sonwele-aspen, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinzipho, bayahlonishwa Nestor wenza isenzo yinqaba, sengathi ukudweba umugqa atholwe efaneleyo. Ngobusuku obandulela yokwahlukaniselwa wenzalo yabo sesenyukele ku Dome ne imbazo yakhe ethembekile ngayingcwelisa, wabheka Kizhi igceke lesonto, abopha esiphambanweni ebomvu iribhoni. Ekugcineni waphonsa ngembazo echibini futhi wamemezela ukuthi Church of the isimo - nethempeli elihle kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi njengo-ke akusoze kwenzeke. Esikhathini esizayo, amathempeli umakhi abengeziwe esakhiwe, naphezu izicelo eziningi. Ngakho wanquma ukubheka - ukuba ubalekele emsebenzini inothi eliphezulu kakhulu. Kanti akuwona yini okufanele sehlele Master kweqiniso?

ibandla labaseTheselonika isimo

Leli thempeli imitha-37, eyasungulwa ngo-1714, ubhekwa njengesilwane esisengcupheni uqimba isonto octagonal. Yakhiwa ukuze ingene esikhundleni eyandulela isonto sokhuni, yokushiswa umbani. Kunemininingwane ephelele yezizathu lesi sakhiwo yisona "octagon" - eziyisishiyagalombili emaceleni isakhiwo lokungena ezine imbobo, ekhomba kuzo zonke izindawo. Kumi esiqongweni sezindawo aphansi "octagon" ubeka amabili, kodwa ezincane ububanzi. Uhlaka aphansi itholakala esisekelweni bakudala - itshe Zabirko. emakhoneni Ngaphandle wanqunywa 'e oblo "kwangaphakathi -" esidladleni "zikaphayini. Ngamageja 'emgqonyeni "Dome of amakhanda zenziwa aspen. Konke lokhu - kwezinhlobo ukhuni zendawo ezikhulayo esiqhingini Kizhi. Karelia kubuye nice iconography ekhethekile "Northern Izincwadi". Kulesi msebenzi, i-pair of izithonjana bokuqala Preobrazhenskaya Church ( "Cover" futhi "Inguquko», XVII yobudala) owaqala ehlotshisiwe altare, ise-cut empumalanga ngokusebenzisa nokuba ukuma pentagon. Yena - I amane namashumi lihlotshiswe imifanekiso emibili.

I Refectory lendlu lwamakholi eyakhelene isakhiwo main. Sika NGOPHAHLA futhi octagons ehlotshiswe izahluko ezingamashumi amabili nambili. I lamatshwayo kulendlu ijwayelekile zonke izakhamuzi Republic of Karelia. Kizhi Isiqhingi ngampela ingu spiritualized lelibandla, kuyinto enhle ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.

Church of the lokulabhela Virgin ebusika

Leli thempeli lusekelwe ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, yalandela ngokuba isimo Church - e 1764. Umqondo ukwakhiwa yayo - ukuqhubeka Orthodox inkonzo umjikelezo phezu nobusika (heatable isonto). isakhiwo sayo lamiswao ngu abakhi ethandwa njengendlela ukunweba engokwemvelo isonto izakhiwo ehlobo. Yena mnogokupolna eziyisishiyagalombili kwezahluko zayo zitholakala emhlabeni yitopazi, oyinhloko. Nokho, kuzo zonke ifomu yayo babenomuzwa wokuthi isonto - ukubonakaliswa yezakhiwo isimo. izakhi zayo ngempela ezicashile kuyinto kuphela yesibili ugcizelela ubunjalo okuyizona eziyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo.

Lelibandla ku Kizhi esiqhingini esakhiwe lokubhalela bayawazi futhi elula. It ihlobise mhlawumbe gables ibhande kuphela kokuba isakhiwo toothed.

Emnyango wethempeli ngokwesiko esisogwini kuse ecaleni lasentshonalanga: ngokulandelana, altare - ngasempumalanga. Afakiwe endimeni yokuqala, bese ku Refectory. Inhloso yalesi Igumbi iyindawo ehlukile ngoba engasho lutho ingxoxo ibandla ngokucindezela izindaba kwezomnotho kanye nezinye, ungafunda inani eliphakeme kangaka labantu. Lapha kwakukhona amajaji nokulingwa, benanela, lapho inkosi iyaleza. Lokhu kulandelwa, eqinisweni, igumbi ngokwayo ithempeli, wanikezela ukugcwalisa isiguqo - indlwana. ivulekile kakhulu futhi evulekile, kwakhiwa ivolumu yayo by Uhlaka, exhunywe ngokuvumelana isikimu ngezansi - - It "kwesitsha", phezulu - "octagon". Inama tyablovym iconostasis. INgcwelengcwele I-Altare ifakwe njengomsolwa wesine Igumbi empumalanga kakhulu. Kuyinto uhlaka pentagonal, ngesikhathi ukuphakama elakhiwa isakhiwo side - emgqonyeni, siphetfo ikhanda wesishiyagalolunye Church of the lokulabhela Virgin. Zonke amafasitela ethempelini: ehholo ne-altare - amabili; e Chapel futhi Refectory - ezine (ukukhanya yemvelo). Ingaphakathi ngokusebenzisa-ehlotshisiwe propyl ngentambo, element central zazo - cross-Orthodox.

belfry

The Ensemble yezakhiwo Kizhi is ngokuvumelanayo kwahambisana ngenye ingxenye yesithathu isakhiwo - hipped isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi. Ukushayela kuba bendabuko ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo sokhuni: phansi "kwesitsha" phezulu "octagon". imikhakha emithathu (by ukugqagqana) ehlukaniswa isakhiwo layo langaphakathi. "Chetverik" besika nasenyakatho naseningizimu zokungena, ngamunye ifakwe kompheme. Kusukela empumalanga nasentshonalanga, kukhona psevdoportaly arched, ngokuphinda uhlobo isinyathelo. Isihlanganisi aphansi, "kwesitsha", ihlukaniswe yaba ukudlula, pyatimarshevuyu ezitebhisini futhi closet. Ngenhla "octagon" iyona umbhoshongo insimbi, ngaphakathi okuyinto - 9 kwezinsika. Isakhiwo ethwele a cupola Ploughshare Orthodox cross phezulu.

sokubuyiselwa yamanje

Kizhi igceke lesonto manje sibhekene sokubuyiselwa, elalinikezelwe tercentenary we isimo Church, kugujwa ngo-2014. Ngalesi sikhathi-ke kwenziwe mayelana 70% of the project. Qeda sikuhlela 3-4 iminyaka. Uqondisa isikhungo yezakhiwo "Zaonezhie" esikhiqiza umsebenzi Vitaly Skopin. Ndawonye nale nkampani futhi iqashe umbazi Centre Museum futhi inkampani Petersburg "ALEKON". Ngonyaka odlule, i-UNESCO Commission, efika esakhiweni imisebenzi futhi wadumisa izinga yabo, lesikwenta ke njengoba ngamazwe ukuthi abasebenzi ephefumlelwe.

Ngaphambili esontweni waqiniswa luhlaka metal. Yini, eqinisweni, lasinda ekubhujisweni. Ekuqaleni, abakhi ukuba kwaluqinisa isisekelo kanye zone ephansi, kakhulu, ngoba izinga yabo iyona Refectory. Okwamanje, umsebenzi wenziwa kahle emazingeni lesine nelesihlanu. Abakhi mhlawumbe ukugcina izingodo zomlando, esikhundleni a engaphelele entsha ngenxa kwamazinyo nobe ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Kukhona-35% kuphela, okusho ukuthi abuyiselwe Bandla isimo ku-65% izokuba kwesihlahla zomlando.

isiphetho

Inombolo yomhlaba wonke yesikhungo elisencwadini yasendulo Spassky Kizhi, esisogwini kahle compact Kizhi isiqhingi, manje esizobuye sidlule imvuselelo. Isizathu salokhu iyona ekhula lokuqwashisa umphakathi ngokubaluleka yokulondoloza ukuqhubeka ifa zomlando, ekugcineni, izimpande zakhe.

Indlela yokwakha Zaonezhye ingokomoya, ukuziphatha kwabantu abahlala kuwo? Yiqiniso, kuhambisana zokudala impucuko isici, okuyinto kamuva wabizwa ngokuthi i-Pushkin omkhulu laconically - "umoya Russian".
Nguye edonsa ekhethekile Take-off Folk ubuciko, ebonisa esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo bokwakha sokhuni, ehlotshisiwe esiqhingini Kizhi (photo enamathiselwe).