Valaam Monastery. UMsindisi-isimo Valaam Monastery

stauropegic Male Valaam Monastery esiqhingini Valaam qoqo leziqhingi, edonsela zabaningi abafisa uthinte amathempelana Lobu-Orthodox. ezingavamile Amazing ubuhle bemvelo, ukuthula kanye remoteness esixukwini madding ushiye umbono ongenakulibaleka kuwo wonke izivakashi le ndawo engcwele.

Kunemininingwane ephelele yezizathu sezindela

Umbuso wasenyakatho ingxenye Echibi Ladoga (Karelia) qoqo leziqhingi elise nge mayelana 50 iziqhingi nge endaweni cishe 36 sq. km. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke lezi iyisiqhingi ngokubabazekayo Valaam. Ziya ngokuya kule ndawo ine ubuhle emangalisayo futhi eyingqayizivele, ezithinta bonke abavakashi kulesi siqhingi. Kodwa bakhangwa kule ndawo emangalisayo, hhayi kuphela. ubungcwele engachazeki le ndawo isisusa esiyinhloko izivakashi abafisa uvakashele sezindela.

Mlando Iningi bathambekele usuku - in 1329, esikisela ukuthi is abode elingcwele liye ihlelwe kulo nyaka. Valaam Monastery yayisiboshwe kaningi ngaphansi umlilo nokubhujiswa, ngenxa kwalahleka irekhodi, akhombisa imininingwane engokomlando inhlangano zokuphila Izigodlo kule ndawo. Ngenxa yalokho, namuhla kukhona ezintathu izinguqulo umsuka Valaam Monastery, elihlobene ne ukuvela siqhingi ezimbili izindela St. uSergiyu futhi Germana Valaamskih, ukholo ezivamile lapha Orthodox futhi ukubeka izisekelo monasticism.

1. Ngokwenkolelo Izigodlo, njengoba kubonakala kula imibhalo yezincwadi yesonto, e X leminyaka esiqhingini weza indela ezimbili ngesiGreki (uSergiyu noHerman) ne mission ukufundisa Russia yobuqaba. Njengoba sahlala siqhingi, bona eyasungulwa Isigodlo futhi bamukela ukholo lobuKristu kulezi zingxenye.
2. Enye inguqulo kusikisela ukuthi Serge ungumfundi Andreya Pervozvannogo, owayevakashela futhi babusiswa I ekhulwini kulezi zindawo ongcwele, silindele ukuthuthukiswa ubuKristu lapha. Sergiy Valaamsky nge umfundi wakhe Herman balwisana phezu Valaam, abekwe lapha inkundla ekahle ekusakazekeni kobuKristu.
3. Ngokusho UZandile njengomqulu wencwadi okubhaliwe zomlando imithombo, ku XIV ekhulwini esiqhingini okunethezekile lokuqala izindela ngubani isifiso ukuphika zezwe izinto futhi ukwakheka umKristu feat kule ndawo. UMfundisi obaba - uSergiyu noHerman, Valaam Yingakho-abasebenzi, weza kuleli zwe, kusukela isimo sakhe sezindela ku Valaam Island. Izindela nomthelela imvume zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni e Karelia, ukulwela inkolo ithonya ezempi enobudlova Swedish amaKatolika kweqiniso. izindela uVenerable uSergiyu noHerman eyasungulwa ngo 1329 esiqhingini isimo sezindela nge ehostela, okuyinto ekuqaleni baba ophithizelayo ngoba amandla angokomoya futhi ukuhlakanipha abasunguli balo.

Sokuthuthwa kwempahla Isigodlo

Udumo enkulu kuyo esigodlweni sezindela kuphela ekhulwini xv-XVI. Phakathi nale nkathi, kwakunoFakazi kuze kube abakhileyo 600. Izindela we Valaam Monastery kanzima enza feat umthandazo ezindongeni zezindela namaseli Izigodlo. Ngakho, Isigodlo kancane kancane ayedumile emhlabeni wonke, edonsa amakholwa amaningi ama-pilgrim.

Abode itholakala ngqo ngasemngceleni ophakathi Russia nase-Sweden, ngenxa yalokho yayisiboshwe kaningi ngaphansi kuphangwa nokubhubhisa. Ngenxa ukuhlaselwa njalo wathatha izindela eziningi ukholo amasosha infidels, abanye izindela wabaleka ngaphandle kokunikezela ukumelana ahlomile.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVII Isigodlo wajeziswa ngokuphelele futhi zibhujiswe, futhi izwe zonke kuleli qoqo leziqhingi wathuthela ifa Sweden. Kuphela emva kweminyaka 100, ngenxa Elikhulu Northern neMpi, uPetru mina, uBhalami ebuyela ekhaya port. Ngo-1715, umbusi wakhipha isimemezelo wokubuyiselwa Isigodlo futhi ukwakhiwa kwalesi isimo Cathedral.

abode Charter

Ekhulwini XVIII, ngenxa yentshiseko ka Abbot Nazaire, Stern Charter abode (kubhalwe umthetho-sisekelo imodeli we Sarov Hermitage sathathwa) wangeniswa sezindela. Chin lokulawula zonke izici zokuphila zezakhamuzi, sicabangela ezintathu izinhlobo zokuphila wezindela unkom 'idlayodwa futhi coenobitic Skete. Hermitages esisogwini iziqhingi ezahlukene ezihlasela lezi ziqhingi njalo, okwanikeza abafowethu ithuba ulwe ngobuqotho ukususa. Lapho wesigodlo Nazaria baqala ukwakha itshe esiqhingini lavuselelwa uPawulu Gate Church (1805) noMarian esibhedlela isonto "olunikeza ukuphila Spring". Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhoshongo insimbi Yakhiwa 72 amamitha.

Abode ekhulwini XIX

Valaam isimo Monastery ifinyelele zenith kuya kweleshumi XIX. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi ezakhiwa izikhumbuzo amaningi asasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Ngo-1839, ekuqaleni kwazo Isigodlo wayenguKristu wesigodlo yaseDamaseku, wahlala kulesi sikhundla iminyaka 42. Uye nomthelela ngcono ukwakhiwa esiqhingini, esebenzisa bezindlu abaqeqeshiwe kuphela.

Ngalo lelo khulu leminyaka, sibonga abafundi Paisija Velichkovskog, lavuselelwa isiko lasendulo sabadala, senzelwe usizo olungokomoya nesiqondiso Wabasaqalayo izindela. Ama-pilgrim amaningi, uzama ukuthola iseluleko, ngomthandazo nangokunxusa isibusiso ngabantu abangcwele, weza esigodlweni sezindela ekude.

Izicukuthwane wayevame amathempelana yesigodlo namathempeli. amalungu omndeni Imperial wavakashela isiqhingi njalo, benethemba lokuthola ukuthula kwengqondo isixuku madding. Abaningi abadumile izimbongi, abaqambi, ososayensi, abalobi kanye abaculi futhi wafuna ukuya Valaam.

Phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet

Kusukela 1811 kuya 1917 Valaam qoqo leziqhingi wawuyingxenye Russian Empire, Grand Duchy of Finland. Ngenxa yokuthi ngemva Okthoba Revolution, uBhalami wahamba umbuso ozimele Finland Ezakhiweni zesonto kungukuthi ngaphansi sokubulala abantu abaningi yiziphathimandla zaseSoviet njengoba ligcinwe izakhiwo ezingokomlando.

Ngenxa yalokho besizukulwane seMpi Yezwe LaseSoviet-Finnish, isiqhingi lidlule phakathi kwelifa loonyana eSoviet Union. Ukubalekela ushushiso zezombusazwe yokungakholelwa, izindela bexoshwa yesigodlo, kokuba ihanjiswe eFinland. Lapha endaweni entsha, wasungula okusha Valaam Isigodlo, olondolozela amasiko. wangaphambili Valaam sezindela ushiyiwe izakhiwo basetshenziswa amandla Soviet ngezinhloso zomsebenzi. Kusukela ngo-1950 kuya ku-1984 kulendzawo yangaphambilini sezindela izakhiwo behlaliswe Valaam endlini zikhutshaziwe impi Veterans.

Ukuvuselelwa Isigodlo

Ngo-1989, ngosuku olwandulela edilini Andreya Pervozvannogo lavuselelwa ukuphila Izigodlo ku Valaam. Ngo-1991, sezindela wathola stavropigialny isimo. wesigodlo ezimisiwe sezindela Pankraty (Zherdev), Bishop of zintathu. Namuhla Valaam Monastery has izindela mayelana 160, futhi savuka ukuphila skete - 10 zezindela usubuyiselwe okwesikhathi esifitshane. Ngo-2008 Yakhiwa entsha, isikhungo sezindela saseSt uVladimir sika, okuyinto iyisonto lapho indoda iyikhanda khona ohlala kulo, Museum futhi isithonjana-Umdwebo workshop.

Engcwele izinkambo Valaam

Engcwele Service Valaam Monastery uhlela uhambo usuku olulodwa-ne-multi-usuku siqhingi yokuhlala nehhotela yokuhlala. AmaKristu obu-Orthodox ku pilgrimage iqhaza round nsuku yokukhulekela Izigodlo kanye sidumise amathempelana yobuKristu. indawo izizinda futhi anikwa esiqhingini yazi izivakashi nobunjalo, umlando, izakhiwo kanye emathempelini ka Valaam.

emathempelini ka Valaam

AmaKristu amaningi Orthodox avame ukuvakashela Valaam Isigodlo, esenyakatho engxenyeni engokomoya yalesi Russia, ngenhloso uthinte amasayithi ongcwele futhi ukubona ubuhle bemvelo yasekuqaleni. Enye yezindawo avakashelwa ku Valaam unguMsindisi-isimo Monastery. Ukwakhiwa lombhishobhi waqala ngo-1887 futhi yokwahlukaniselwa kwenzeke kuphela 1892nd. Ngaphansi kokubusa kweSoviet, lesi sakhiwo kancane bancishwa izisombululo yezakhiwo. Esitezi lombhishobhi lanikezelwa behlonipha St. uSergiyu futhi Germana Valaamskih, futhi phezulu - yokudumisa isimo leNkosi.

ama-pilgrim Amakholwa Orthodox avame ukuba bakhulekele izinsalela abasunguli sezindela - obaba ongcwele Saints uSergiyu futhi Germana Valaamskih. Umdlavuza shrine ngoNgcwele isimo Cathedral.

Omunye amathempelana ohlonishwa kakhulu Isigodlo yiyona eyisimangaliso isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu (Valaam), eyabhalwa Alypy indela ngo-1878. Esinye isithonjana eziyisimangaliso sezindela - isithonjana Engcwele Anna Zilungile, le matriarchs kaKristu, okuyinto uhlu original Mount Athos kanye has ukuphulukiswa izakhiwo ezimangalisayo ukungabi nenzalo.

Choir we Valaam Monastery

Nge isibusiso sikaJehova Pancratius, uMbhishobhi-zintathu Ongcwele, ihlelwe ikhwaya gala ekhonsathini ye Valaam sezindela. Regent futhi Kumholi wokuhlabelela Alexei Zhukov kuyinto Umculi ahlonishwe weRiphabhulikhi Karelia. Soloists leqembu, abaqhubi afanelekayo nabahlabeleli, ebabonisa ubuciko professional okusezingeni eliphezulu. Minyaka yonke ekwayeni uhlanganyela yokukhulekela Umbhishobhi sika we Valaam Monastery, nguye onqobile imincintiswano eminingi choral eRussia nakwamanye amazwe.

Ngaphezu ekhonsathini iphelile, kukhona choir we Valaam Monastery, okuyinto chants bendabuko ezihlukahlukene oyiculayo znamennyh. Ekwayeni ngaphansi kokuqondisa ierodyakona German (Ryabtsev) uhlanganyela amasevisi uqhuba umsebenzi ekhonsathini, ukuhlinzeka okuqoshiwe eziningi kanyekanye noma imisebenzi polyphonic yobuciko lasendulo. Leli qembu vocal has ngendlela engavamile ukusebenza - okumsulwa, operation enembile, Ensemble kakhulu, Ukungena ezijulile nokusondelana.

Sekungena repertoire inkonzo eziningi ezahlukene isonto eklabalasa sithi njengoba znamenny nemisebenzi copyright. Valaam sezindela ngenkuthalo ubambisana uMnyango Russian lasendulo becula Petersburg Conservatory. Othisha ukusizwa omkhulu ekuhloleni Rus lasendulo znamenny ukucula.

AmaHubo

Valaam Monastery liyaziwa imisebenzi yayo kwezemfundo. Ngo-2000, isibusiso Abbot yokuqophela amaHubo lweNkosi uDavide senziwa. Psalter ekufundeni sithatha amahora angaphezu kwayisihlanu futhi kuba ukusebenza choral lemithandazo ezithile. Psalter we Valaam Monastery kuthandwa kakhulu hhayi kuphela phakathi amakholwa wobuKrestu Orthodox, kodwa futhi ngoba othile othakazelayo amasiko esonto of ukufundwa yesonto.

A farmstead we Valaam Monastery

Compound Izigodlo umphakathi we Isigodlo, kungenzeka ukuthi noma iliphi idolobha we Sabefundisi, Isigodlo is run by futhi kuncike isinqumo umbhishobhi yayo. UMsindisi-isimo Valaam Monastery has 4 farmstead:

1. Compound Valaam Monastery, etholakala e Saint Petersburg, sise Narva Prospect, 1 / Old-Peterhoff Prospect 29 ....
2. Valaam Monastery - eMoscow: Ikheli sezindela - st. 2nd Tverskaya-indlu 52.
3. Edolobheni Priozersk farmstead sise ul. Pushkin, 17.
4. ERepublic of Karelia farmstead losendzaweni e Sortavala esifundeni, Krasnaya Gorka, St Nicholas Church.