Semenovskaya matryoshka: umlando, incazelo kanye nesiginesha. Semenov master ngesineke onodoli lokushutheka 1600

Semenovskaya matryoshka - wezwa igama lalo wobuciko, zonke ukukhumbula ekhaya ka Khokhloma imidwebo, master ezihlabayo, ngezisebenzi izinkuni eqoshwe. Ekuqaleni matryoshka kwakungelona lokuqala zonke amakhosi, kodwa kuze kube phakade enezimpande wendabuko yezandla kwedolobha Semenov of Nizhny Novgorod esifundeni. Toy kuyahluka ubuhle nombala esiyingqayizivele.

Semenovskaya matryoshka - omunye esiyingqayizivele kunazo kanye nezimpawu liyabonakala kakhulu eRussia. Kwakubonakala le isikhumbuzo ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, lapho umlando wezwe, kuningi okuye kwashintsha ngokuphelele, ukushintsha amasiko abantu Russian. It is ukuqhakaza era of "isitayela Slavic" ngalesi sikhathi. Nokho, banda abantu abanesithakazelo kuyi ubuciko entsha enhle, bavuselela yezandla lasendulo.

Kuyini unodoli lokushutheka?

Uma uzama ukunikeza incazelo yalokhu ithoyizi, ngakho nakanjani uzokuzwa athi into efana: matryoshka - unodoli Russian sokhuni, ngaphakathi okuyinto obutholakala onjengawo, ihluke nomunye ngosayizi nokudweba, ezifana matryoshka onodoli.

Ithoyizi okuqala wenziwe ngokhuni wethulwa abantu ngesimo eyisishiyagalombili interlaces amantombazane - abafana, ababegqilaza ezandleni zabo black likhala tsyplyatok elincane ngakho, futhi waba owokugcina, komncane kunabo, senziwe ngendlela ingane swaddled. Zonke onodoli abayisishiyagalombili ibhecwe upende ezigqamile nge Folk Motifs. I usike matryoshka lokuqala Master Toy VP Zvezdochkin futhi zaveza ngu SV Malyutin.

Umlando sokudalwa

Ukudala imisebenzi yobuciko in the "isitayela kazwelonke", abaculi abaziwayo, cabinetmakers, futhi izisebenzi ngokuvamile waqasha wathatha isampula amathoyizi zabanye abantu. Kukhona fashion zonke Japanese, ngoba amasampula Oriental art ucingo ngesikhathi ngabomvu. Khona-ke, futhi walethwa ezweni lakithi sikakhokho of Russian lokushutheka onodoli.

Kusukela edolobheni Japanese of Honshu walethwa Umfanekiso ka ayisi- Buddhist - Fukurumu ngaphakathi okuyinto eziningana okufanayo, usayizi amancane kuphela etshaliwe. ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ukuthi lo msebenzi wokuqala yobuciko ezibaziweyo indela isiRashiya, wabanjwa ngokuyisimangaliso phezu eziqhingini zaseJapane.

Ngokwezazi-mlando, Semyonov matryoshka, omlando wakhe kuqala ekhulwini le-19, sidalwe ngomfanekiso Fukurumu, kwaba sibalo yakhe ayizange ibe yisibonelo amathoyizi Russian.

kufanekisa

Semenovskaya matryoshka - uphawu zokuba umama, eqinile nowesifazane ephilile. Doll, esizolokhu wonke umndeni, futhi uphawu wenzalo.

Female - umzali, Homemakers. Umama kwadingeka asebenze kanzima ukuze banakekele izingane, ukunakekela zondliwe, ngoba kwakudingeka izandla futhi impilo eqinile, yingakho Semyonov unodoli lokushutheka ubukeka ngakho ezondlekile kanye ukuqhakaza.

onodoli afakwe zifanekisela umkhaya oqinile, ukusekelana nokusondelana ezingokomoya.

Kungani igama "matryoshka"

Chaza igama amathoyizi Russian can ngokuhlaziya konke la maqiniso alandelayo. Matryoshka, Matrona, Matryosha - impande izwi livela Latin. Mater Latin ngokoqobo ihumusha ngokuthi "unina", kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ezinye incazelo yegama elithi asipheli.

Matryoshka - a esuselwe igama Mary, Manya, uMarie. Lena isetshenziswa kabanzi igama lwamaSlav ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Matryoshka - igama Buddhist unkulunkulukazi Matri.

Phakade emlandweni

Ngesikhathi Isentha Umhlaba Paris ngo-1900 matryoshka Russian iwine bahlale bamukelwa yonke indawo, ngemva kwalokho ukukhiqizwa yayo wenyukela entabeni, njengoba funa liye landa izikhathi eziningana. Futhi Semenov - idolobha imikhiqizo ngokhuni - waqala ukwenza izinto eziyisikhumbuzo entsha. Semenovskaya matryoshka, umlando kokudaliweyo wayesanda kuqalile, isibe ethandwa kakhulu, njengoba izingcweti wendawo sebemukele kalula isipiliyoni e yokukhiqiza amathoyizi sokhuni, ephelelisiwe kwezobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ezinemibala egqamile for Umdwebo.

Ekuqaleni kosuku, inkosi gaya, bese zaveza onodoli ekhaya, khona-ke workshop, futhi kamuva waqala ukusebenza efektri, ekufezeni le-oda ekulu.

Semenov ngokuthi "inhlokodolobha Lozhkarev" Russia nonodoli lokushutheka zazingezi kuqala imikhiqizo lokhuni. Babedalelwene kusukela sadlala nezinkezo ezenziwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukwamukela kusuka suburban amakhosi nesipiliyoni yokukhiqiza onodoli Russian isichazi, izingcweti abendawo izici alandisa esithombeni Semyonov unodoli yokwakha isidleke. Ukubona i-ithoyizi elikhanyayo iba liyabonakala, it is kuyanda hhayi kuphela e-Russia kodwa futhi phesheya.

Ukuzalwa amathoyizi

Wazalelwa lokuqala Semyonov unodoli izidleke, isitshela indaba yendalo isihloko Semenov wesifunda edolobhaneni elidala Amakholwa - Merinova Nizhny Novgorod esifundeni. Izakhamuzi eziningi Merinova wathola ngenkathi ukuthengisa izinto zokhuni, amabhokisi detachable tabobunjwa, okukhiqizwayo ukuhweba Outlandish amathoyizi waphenduka, onodoli ke izidleke.

Kakade ngo 1929, onodoli lokushutheka ayenziwa e esiqinile isitayela Semenovskiy - ne umdwebo esikhethekile, ngendlela ethile, indlela Zavolzhsky art lokhuni. Inkosi-Toy lokuqala, owenza lezi onodoli babe zangaphambili endala merinovskie sezingcweti. onodoli bawo sokuqala kwaqala ku model of the amathoyizi efanayo Nizhny Novgorod - Amadoda darnel obudala amadevu yebo.

Enye inkosi merinovsky - Toy Mayorov, walethwa ekhaya doll elifanayo Nizhny Novgorod, kuphela khona igobolondo ezingenalutho, kokubili endlini nangaphandle. Indodakazi endala ye-master zaveza unodoli zakhe yagudla e sundress Russian izimbali bright red ku iphinifa, "egqoke" ikhanda lakhe kokoshnik elikhanyayo. Basebebhabhathizwa ababethi onodoli merinovski, kahle, kanye merinovskoy imidwebo ebonakala futhi ifomu ekhethekile ka ithoyizi. Yavela kanjalo-ke lo mkhuba Semyonov unodoli yokwakha isidleke.

Ndawonye nabo, Semenov ugaye inani elikhulu nezinye umkhakha lokhuni. Abaculi zaveza kubo bonke besenze nesitayela esifanako Khokhloma imidwebo. Imidwebo phezu imikhiqizo zamapulangwe kwadingeka ekuqaleni zilula, kodwa ekugcineni nomhlobiso ayegcwele ezinemibala egqamile, izakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi, wanezela amaphethini zemifino ngaphezulu. Semenovskaya matryoshka lokhuni baba amahle kakhulu futhi ezimibalabala.

Njengoba wenza onodoli lokushutheka

Matryoshka - unodoli kuyize ngaphakathi. Kakade akwenza uzibuze mayelana amakhono okukhulu wezingcweti, kunendaba. Afakwe unodoli ibhizinisi kunzima kakhulu, kudinga lokunengi amakhono kanye nesineke. Akuwona wonke uhlobo ukhuni kufanelekile yokukhiqiza, kanjalo kukhethwa ukhuni master njengento ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuvamile sebenzisa amatshe njengoba birch, Linden, e-aspen, ngezinye izikhathi kuba Alder. Umuthi uyanqunywa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ebusika noma. Khetha emgqonyeni bushelelezi, ngaphandle ifindo, okuyinto ke banqunywa ngokusahwa ku izingodo eziningana, bese ukususa amagxolo isihlahla ngeke inqamuke okuthi uma sezomile emaphethelweni kuthiwa ezigcotshwe nobumba. Ngemva ugodo isitoreji egumbini kahle umoya isikhathi eside yoma, kodwa musa desiccate. "Isihlahla izindandatho - kungcono esikudingayo!" - kusho inkosi, ngisho ihlola yona nephunga. ukunyakaza onembile okunekhono yena igedle ukuma ofiselekayo komkhiqizo, le matryoshka lokuqala kakhulu kwenza uye kulencane kakhulu. Iphele sibalo ngomshini sanded, primed futhi yona-iphucuziwe. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho ziqala ukupenda ebusweni, usebenzisa gouache, emifanekiso, acrylic noma uwoyela upende.

Okumangalisayo ubuhle imidwebo

Semenov ngesineke onodoli lokushutheka eyenziwe edumile Semenovskiy Khokhloma nesitayela esisetshenzisiwe izakhi olungokomfanekiso kanye motifs Russia lasendulo. Lokho izakhi zangaphandle zokuhlobisa zidlala indima ebalulekile emsebenzini wokukhiqiza izinto eziyizikhumbuzo.

Dolls lokuqala babenzelwa ongumlimi izingane, ngakho linesizotha zaveza amaphethini. With ngensimbi ihansi feather abaculi isetshenziswa wabuka ebusweni futhi izingubo, bese zonke izici abangu ibhecwe aniline udayi shades elikhanyayo ebomvu, njengegazi, blue, oluhlaza kanye nemibala onsomi. Isisekelo Semyonov unodoli isichazi Umdwebo - imibala esikhulu esikhanyayo, isipikili pock, imibuthano, neminsalo, izimbali kancane. Ngenhla matreshkas ngesineke isicelo ungqimba wax, lacquer Kamuva zisebenzisa.

Lokhu kusebenza bendabuko lokushutheka onodoli Semenov, kuyilapho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zaqala ukubonakala isikhumbuzo onodoli imfashini "isitayela Russian", ogama Silhouettes zigcwele abantu zomlando ( "Taras Bulba", "Napoleon", "Kutuzov"). Ngokuvamile nazo onodoli lokushutheka baba nobuntu odumile amakhosi umndeni ( "I Romanov umndeni"), i-boyars, abalobi ( "Gogol", "Pushkin", "Wings") namaqhawe izindaba zabo kanye yezinganekwane ( "I Itheniphu", "Gingerbread").

Folk ifa yezwe

Ukuze Semenov eziningi isichazi unodoli art kwaba into sitholwa njengefa. Semenov izitolo, ithoyizi lace futhi nibe nomoya wokubambisana united kwelinye endaweni yokukhanda. Ngo-1954 kwaba khona ngokuhlanganyela wokubambisana "Toy", okuyinto kwaba ihlelwe kabusha ibe yizimiso kakade 1960. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke kukhiqizwe onodoli multi-yokwakha isidleke, onodoli zenziwa kusukela 18, 25 onodoli ahlanganisiwe. onodoli abaningi-isichazi enziwa izenzakalo edume kunazo kanye nezinsuku enkulu.

Semenov master ngesineke onodoli lokushutheka 1600

Umdwebo abahlukile Semyonov matryoshka waphawula kuze kube yilolu suku. eziyizikhumbuzo Original "Semenovskaya yokudweba" ifektri akumangalisi okunezinhlobonhlobo yayo. Okusanda Semenov master ababethi 1600 ka onodoli, kodwa abayeki. Njengoba isikhumbuzo, lokhu ithoyizi bekulokhu futhi kuyoba isipho esihle ensimini ka ezweni lethu, futhi phesheya. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthandwa wezizwe Russian lokushutheka onodoli.