Baltic Sea: ukujula kanye nesimo sendawo, incazelo, isikhundla ezindawo

I Baltic Sea futhi ugu yayo - indawo ezithakazelisayo, benamandla izinkumbulo amaViking, ekusiza namathafa wazo osenyakatho. It ihlukile kwezinye izilwandle we inhlobo yosizo, futhi izinga lokushisa izici ugu. Baltika has a ukubaluleka okukhulu zomlando geopolitical eRussia.

isikhundla ezindawo

Baltic Sea kumephu senyakatho aseYurophu futhi kungokwalabo Atlantic umcengezi. Limited 54 ° 46 'futhi 65 ° 56' enyakatho latitude 9 ° 57 'no-30 ° 00' empumalanga ye-longitude. Iphuzu lokugcina, okuyinto oLwandle iBaltic kumephu: Mayelana Ne-Arctic Circle enyakatho, eduze Wismar eningizimu, empumalanga iseduze Petersburg iphuzu entshonalanga kakhulu itholakala Flensburg wesifunda.

Relief ukujula

Impumuzo phansi has nomehluko omncane kusukela ogwini kokuzincisha oLwandle iBaltic. Ukujula yena, futhi ancike ubunjalo ezizungezile. icala langasezantsi libe ngamawaka kolwandle, okuqondene eJalimane, ePoland nase-Denmark, flat, flat, olunesihlabathi. Rocky futhi engalingani phansi enamadwala zitholakala enyakatho ingxenye. Ukujula nesimo sendawo ka oLwandle iBaltic zihlukile ezindaweni ezahlukene. Phansi has a ebusweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu dissected. Kukhona ayimigodi ukuthi aphawule imingcele amagquma naseziqhingini isizinda, okubandakanya oLwandle iBaltic. Ukujula kwenye indawo encane. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona amasayithi uzwakalise impumuzo accumulative - kungcono engajulile Finland Riga futhi Bothnia.

Ngakho, oLwandle iBaltic has a amamitha okungaphansi kuka-200 ukujula. Ingcindezelo Landsortskaya ezahlukene. I of the Sea ukujula esiphezulu itholakala kule ndawo futhi cishe 470 metres. Landsortskaya umcengezi welula ohlangothini eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Abanye - ukujula oziphatha njengomncane: Gotland - 249 m kanye Gdansk - 116 m abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-Arkonskaya ulwandle - 53 m kanye Bornholm - 105 m (entshonalanga).

Nezindawo zokupaka futhi becindezelwe

Libhekisela kwezilwandle uma uya phakathi nezwe. Eningizimu-ntshonalanga, eduze eNorth Sea ngokusebenzisa besebunzimeni Danish (Amancane Enkulu Belt, Lomsindo), Skagerrak futhi Kattegat.

Ukuze impumalanga eGulf of Riga phakathi Estonia futhi Latvia. Estonia Saaremaa skeleton ingxenye ehlukanisa bay lonke kolwandle. Nokho kukhona ezinkulu Finnish kanye Gulf of Bothnia

Neva Bay - kuyisabelo esempumalanga eGulf of Finland. At ibanga cishe 50 km kusuka Petersburg, iyisiqhingi ka Kotlin, okuyinto wakha umuzi Kronstadt. Idamu uxhuma kulesi siqhingi edolobheni Petersburg, nomendo sabekwa phezu kwedamu, ngakho abantu bayakwazi ukuya ezweni nemisinga eya emuva ngemoto.

Enyakatho-esempumalanga, lapho ohlala ngasemngceleni ophakathi Russia nase Finland, kukhona iGulf of IFinland uxhumeke kwi-Vyborg Bay. Kukhona futhi kuvela Saimaa Canal yaqashiswa nge Finland. It wenza umsebenzi indlela ezokuthutha, futhi kubuye ithandwa kakhulu izivakashi e isizini efudumele. Izivakashi eze lapha ukuze ubuhle bezwe, kanye nesibopho-free yezitolo.

coast

Baltic Sea coast wehlukile. ELatvia ogwini yohlobo ekuqongeleleni, ezakhiwe ekuqongeleleni esisogwini emikhawulweni. Lagoon ezakhiwe kuleli theku futhi uyashiywa ngumkhawulo wolwandle etshekile ewumngcingo, elise Kaliningrad. coast ujenga inomngcele ingxenye enkulu yolwandle, ngokukhethekile, eyakho Poland. Futhi akhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya waleso futhi imisinga yasogwini. Fjords - amatheku emincane futhi okujulile emaweni futhi ezinde enamadwala ezisizungezile kolwandle bevela enyakatho. Basuke ezakhiwe amaphutha zomhlaba nezikhukhula emfuleni izigodi. coast Skerry wabonakala ngenxa yezikhukhula nge eshelelayo ngu zeqhwa, eligoqiwe crystalline amatshe. Lezi awalethe kuphrojekthi ngaphezu kolwandle njengendlela iziqhingi yokusetha qoqo leziqhingi enokulandelela womsebenzi glacial.

Ngu emazweni aseBaltic Sea babe okukhiphayo ezilandelayo - Russia, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, eJalimane, ePoland, Sweden, eDenmark, eFinland. Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, i-Russia uhlala ingxenye encane ogwini,% 7 kuphela, esikhundleni yangaphambili 25%, okuyinto kuletha isimo ukulahlekelwa yonyaka. Ngakho-ke enye imbobo at Primorsk wabeka eduze Vyborg, okuyinto sizogxila zamalahle izimpahla ezomile. Imbobo yesibili ku Luga Bay, kuyoba uwoyela-ukulayisha.

izinqubo zomhlaba

Kuze kube namuhla, kuqhubeka ukushintsha khona oLwandle iBaltic. It has a ukujula encane njengoba kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe ase-Atlantic Ocean. Empeleni, lesi umzimba enkulu yamanzi zavela izikhathi eziningana waba echibini nolwandle futhi ngenxa izinqubo zomhlaba. Manje kukhona omunye esiteji kolwandle uhlukanisa asolwandle nasemachibini ukuyivala ibe namanzi echibini. It libhekene ukuvelela phansi Gulf of Bothnia phakathi nonyaka ngamasentimitha ambalwa futhi ugcwalise emikhawulweni eningizimu. izinqubo ezinjalo kukwenza kudingeke ukunweba enyakatho zasesikhumulweni semikhumbi port. Ukuze kusindiswe izingxenye ephansi amanga ogwini wenza indunduma.

lokushisa izingqimba

Ukujula, esikhundleni salokho, kuncike lokushisa oLwandle iBaltic. Ingxenye enkulu echibini elikhulu lamanzi zingahlukaniswa zibe ngaphezulu, zesikhashana futhi ijulile kwabo amanzi.

Isendlalelo ebusweni ivela amamitha 0 kuya ku-20, endaweni - kusuka ngamamitha 0 kuya ku-90 nge lokushisa 0 kuya ku-20. Lakhiwa nokuxhumana ulwandle umkhathi amanzi ageleza esuka ezwekazini. lokushisa kolwandle Baltic kule ungqimba iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Summer eside uzwakalise Lesisemkhatsini abandayo kwabo amanzi, kwakheka ngenxa Ukushisa abalulekile ebusweni ulwandle. Isendlalelo ezijulile (ngezansi futhi 50-60 amamitha ngenhla ke) is ezingeni lokushisa kusuka degree angu-1 kuya ku-15. Leli ungqimba amanzi engena ngokusebenzisa izindima Small futhi Belt elikhulu futhi elishukumisayo.

Ukwenza ungqimba ukwedlulela amanzi kusuka 20-60 kuya 90-100 amamitha ukujula. Sinenkosi lokushisa 2-6 degrees, kwakheka ngokuxuba amanzi ukujula kwamanzi izingqimba.

Izici lokushisa kwamanzi e oLwandle iBaltic

endaweni ngamunye Sea izici izakhiwo amanzi ezahlukene. Ngakho, endaweni Bornholm has a ungqimba efudumele (7-11 degrees) kanye ehlobo nasebusika. Lakhiwa amanzi afudumele ivela lapha Arkonskogo pool eshubile. It ngenxa amanzi ekujuleni kwelwandle ongaphakeme bese ukuhambisa ngendiza ovundlile abandayo ungqimba Lesisemkhatsini engekho ehlobo.

Ukuguquka lokushisa ezithile zonyaka

Winter endaweni evulekile lokushisa lamanzi olwandle kunakunoma ogwini, ngenkathi kuhlukile ezingwini entshonalanga nasempumalanga. Ngo-February lokushisa kuyinto 0.7 degrees at Ventspilsa olwandle i-latitude efanayo - cishe 2 degrees, agudle ugu olusentshonalanga ye - 1 degree.

Ehlobo amanzi ebusweni ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zolwandle kuhluke lokushisa. waleso baqhutshwa Western kwabo amanzi ebusweni emikhawulweni entshonalanga. Amanzi abandayo ecashile antante phezulu. Ngenxa yalokho zalesi simo ezindaweni eseningizimu nemaphakathi nasentshonalanga emikhawulweni lokushisa lehla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eningizimu nasogwini Sweden zamanje abandayo kusukela Gulf of Bothnia.

iyehla iyenyuka kwesizini izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphinyiselwe kuphela elingenhla 50-60 amamitha, amagugu ezijulile ihluke kancane. Kushintsha izinga lokushisa emakhazeni bengekho, kodwa ukujula izinkomba udedele kancane. Esikhathini lokushisa amanzi afudumele antante 20-30 amamitha khathizwe ngokusebenzisa ukuxuba. Ngisho ehlobo lapho evuthayo-kwamanzi ungqimba kanye thermocline sivezwe ngokushesha ezingaphezu kuka entwasahlobo, ungqimba Lesisemkhatsini lilondolozwe abandayo.

Ukujula, nesimo sendawo kanye nezinye izici oLwandle iBaltic kuzoncika ezintweni eziningi. Lesi sikhundla womhlaba, ngokuba zindawo enyakatho, kanye indawo yokuhlala ipuleti leli zwekazi.