Incazelo Kalimantan

Isiqhingi zaseBorneo - ingxenye Indonesia Borneo isiqhingi, kuyinto ezimbili kwezintathu (532 205 sq Km.) Endaweni yayo Imininingwane (743,330 sq Km.). Ukuma esiqhingini Borneo, ngokwezinga layo, ezindawo nezici zemvelo of interest izivakashi eziningi. Lena ukuphela kwendawo lapho amabhange kusukela emhlabeni wonke ukubabela abathandi abaningi izilwane zasendle.

Likuphi esiqhingini Borneo

Akhiwe enhliziyweni we Malay Archipelago, wageza ngu ezilwandle ezine, Kalimantan yokuhlala amaningi njengoba ezintathu zithi: Brunei, Malaysia kanye Indonesia, okuyinto oluthatha inxenye enkulukazi umhlaba futhi siqukethe ezifundazweni ezine, okuthiwa ngokuhambisana amaqembu ukukhanyisa: Central, West, South, East. Malaysian part 26% of the endaweni Imininingwane futhi ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda Sabak futhi Sarawak.

Kuyini ubude Kalimantan

Borneo, ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngo-lingakanani - lena ngempela endaweni enhle, mesmerizing ubuhle izilwane zasendle ehlathini esingangeneki ezishisayo, ezihlukahlukene nemifula emikhulu, flora ahlukahlukene nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, atholakala abanye abameleli okuyinto lapha kuphela. Kusukela eningizimu-ntshonalanga kuya enyakatho-mpumalanga obuphelele Kalimantan ka mayelana 1,100 amakhilomitha. Kukhona Izincazelo eziningana igama layo: "Umhlaba umango", "Diamond River 'behlonipha isizwe wendawo - klemantanov. ubude esiqhingini Borneo e amakhilomitha, indawo yayo, endaweni kanye nesimo inzalo lezihambi abaningi ngubani dream bafike kulesi sifunda nge emahlathini ayisinindolo.

Isiqhingi umlando

Iningi lezifiki zokuqala ababevela Afrika, esiqhingini Kalimantan khona isikhathi eside - Balinganiselwa ku 50 000 edlule. Ngekhulu le-15 Borneo ezaba yingxenye yombuso Indonesia Majapahit, engxenyeni engaphakathi ke lalihlala abantu bendawo, futhi enhla nenyakatho-18 eminyaka kwakungekaNkulunkulu yaqhakaza naleyo minyaka Sultanate of Brunei. AbeLungu baqala ukuhlola insimu ka Kalimantan ngekhulu le-16 futhi wazinza kuso fast ngokwanele; ngisho Dutch eyasungulwa-East India Company, owawungumnyaka injongo ukuthekelisa laba la mazwe ayesanda kutholakala imithombo yemvelo ngokungadingekile.

Kamuva, esiqhingini Kalimantan (photo enamathiselwe) lelesiqingatha wamakoloni yeNetherlands, ekugcineni okumahlula ekhulwini le-19. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II ke ilawulwa Japanese. Independence of Republic of Indonesia wayebhekwa ngo-1950.

A kancane mayelana Dayak

Kalimantan Isiqhingi (isithombe lidlulisela ngokucacile zonke ubuhle acwebile zalezi zindawo imilingo) kugcinwa kude impucuko ngokushesha phambili. Azikho izikhumbuzo lasendulo zomlando resort ukuzijabulisa. Izakhamuzi yokuqala yalesi siqhingi kukhona Dayak, kungenjalo ukubizwa ngokuthi "enethemba lokuthola abazingeli" (nesiko beletha ekamu emakhanda akhe amaqhawe nezizwe ezinobutha). Bayenze lukhuni abanamathela ezabekwa eminyaka yesiko. Isibalo AboMdabu abantu abangaba yisigidi, futhi bahlala ngomthetho ehlathini, bathengiselane abazingela izinkawu nezinyoni ngosizo izikhali lasendulo. Cishe, akunakwenzeka ukuba isizinda isigqi wokuphila ayathanda ubude esiqhingini Kalimantan km. Dayaks nasemakhaya eside, ngokuthi lamins; ngamunye abantu abangaba ngu-50. Ukuziqhenya abantu bakhe, ama-ubuqhawe kanye izihambi lubonakaliswa nemidanso yendabuko - umbukwane kuyinto engavamile ngempela futhi othakazelisayo.

Ezibalweni ezigcwele zabantu babo Kalimantan abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-10, abaningi kubo okuyizingane abahlala amabhange emfuleni futhi wahlanganyela ukutshala umhlaba. Abahlala emadolobheni afana ukuhweba kanye yezandla ahlukahlukene.

isifundazwe Kalimantan

Central Kalimantan - esifundazweni elikhulu lakulesi siqhingi yisici 153564 square metres. angu. Uma uthi nhlá, kule ndawo selivela okuqinile kuyo ihlathi ehlathini, kuyilapho sesihlasela ingxenye eseningizimu ye-ke - kuyinto moorland, inombolo ezimangelengele enkulu emifuleni, futhi enyakatho ezintabeni. The esiphezulu wabo - Bukit Raya, ukufinyelela 2278 metres ubude futhi itholakala emngceleni Central kanye West Kalimantan. Iyidolobha elihle kunawo wonke endaweni engenabantu kulesi siqhingi ubhekwa Palancar, ekuqaleni wakhulelwa njengoba inhloko-dolobha yase-Indonesia.

Wik Borneo - ocebile sifundazwe evundile eyaziwa emasimini amakhulu ensimbi futhi (36985 amakhilomitha square.) Izihlahla zenjoloba kanye Massif ihlukaniswe Miratus zibe izingxenye ezimbili: enezintaba ehlathini lemvula aminyene futhi elisezansi ngemifula eminingi, waqopha zazo - Barito (ubude 600 km). Inhloko-dolobha ye-Ningizimu Kalimantan iyona Bandazharmasin idolobha libhekene emiseleni eziningi futhi izakhiwo ezithakazelisayo ezisemadolobheni. Uphawu somuzi mosque Sabila Muhtadin, nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey abadumile ubude. Ukunakwa enkulu ikhangwa ngemakethe yalo engavamile elintantayo ku umfula iziteshi yisicefe futhi emfuleni. Etholakala eduze Bandazharmasina idayimane ezimayini, lapho izimayini Kwenziwa amagugu. Ngo Borneo ethuthuka ezifakwa kwedayimane namafutha, umkhiqizo kawoyela kuyinto kuwumgogodla umnotho Indonesia futhi Brunei.

East Kalimantan ihlanganisa indawo ka 194.849 square metres. km kanti ingxenye yesibili ngobukhulu yesiqhingi beya edolobheni eyinhloko Samarinda, kuyinto echwebeni ngobukhulu commercial, ise Mahakam River Delta futhi izakhiwo ezidumile phezu kwezingodo futhi izihlenga. Samarinda idume yezandla zayo: ubucwebe amapharele, nokwelukiweyo Rattan bagatelles, izindwangu esihle sarongs.

West Kalimantan

Western Borneo (146,807 sq. Km) kuyinto endaweni thinned nge kunamahlathi ashisayo Peat bogs. Lapha, njengoba engxenyeni eseningizimu lingasempumalanga yalesi siqhingi, kukhona inani elikhulu emifuleni, futhi ningi of them are egcwele amanzi unyaka wonke. Barito, Mahakam futhi Kapuas imikhumbi ngezinyawo amakhilomitha angamakhulu amaningana. By the way, esiqhingini kukhona ezimbili Kapuas River, omunye ebanjwa in West Kalimantan futhi kubhekwa nomfula omude kunayo yonke e-Indonesia (1040 km) kanye nomfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni kulesi siqhingi. Okwesibili Kapuas 600 km ubude kuyinto owumthelela Barito futhi ageleza abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi ye siqhingi. Inhloko-dolobha ye West Kalimantan kuyinto ugu idolobha Pantianak ukweqa umngcele yenkabazwe. Izikhangibavakashi bafanelwe ukunakwa zezivakashi kuyinto Abdurrahman Mosque, Sultan Palace Kadriarh, Museum of zobumba futhi ngobumba, kanti ama City Museum yenziwe ngohlobo ekhangayo anikezelwe isiko abantu basendulo babengazi.

izici Isici Kalimantan

Amapaki amaningi kazwelonke ayahlakazeka azungeze lesi siqhingi, khombisa nobukhazikhazi tropical nemvelo, ukuhlukahluka kanye ohlukile yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Flora Borneo ocebile futhi ezihlukahlukene: ezincelisayo wedwa ethulwa 222 zinhlobo, zazo 44 kukhona umkhuba. Lapha ungakwazi ukuthola nezinkawu omkhulu, izindlovu, flying lemurs, inani elikhulu zinhlobo zamalulwane ingwe, ingwenya, ubhejane esinezimpondo ezimbili. Ehlathini kukhona lenqwaba izinyoni - 600 zilwane. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo: Bird - obhejane, upholi, Argus. I nezilwane ezihlukahlukene eyisinambuzane nezinambuzane sasiyoba sikhulu kangangokuthi ingakamiswa kwehlwaywe. Kwezihlahla ubuswa pandanus, bamboo, ficus multicore, okuyinto sonke isixuku, kwakheka izimpande zasemoyeni yesitshalo singafinyelela ubude obungamamitha ka 15-30 amamitha.

Amahlathi enile kukhona izihlahla ezinkulu amila a ukuphakama amakhilomitha nenxenye. Phakathi kwabo - the sandalwood futhi rasamala. Izinkuni lezi abameleli ezimileni nalolu lubaluleke kakhulu futhi isisekelo ukulungiswa elimnandi amafutha abalulekile, inhlaka balsams. Iziqongo entabeni embozwe okuxubile utshani izimfunda kanye emahlozini nezihlahla. Coast Kalimantan ikakhulukazi amaxhaphozi kanye ephansi, baye kancane uvikelekile amatheku. Ngasogwini welula ngakanye isithiyo eside zamakhorali.