Tundra: inhlabathi nesimo sezulu. Isici-emathafeni zone

indawo Russian kubhekwa aphakeme phakathi kwawo wonke uthi kule planethi yethu. It osuka ngasempumalanga nangasentshonalanga, cishe izinkulungwane ezilishumi amakhilomitha. Futhi ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu ubude bayo esiphezulu ingamakhilomitha angu engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine.
Ubude okukhulu ezweni inikeza ezihlukahlukene sezulu esihlukahlukene esimweni. Ngo zindawo enyakatho, ukuqalisa izwe lalo eliwugwadule arctic. Izifunda eseningizimu yezwe zitholakala ezifundeni ashisayo futhi yomile, lulwimi ezingwadule.

izindawo waseRussia yemvelo

Izingxenye zemvelo ezilandelayo ababonakali ngezikhundla ensimini ka Russia:

• ezingwadule Arctic;
• emathafeni zone;
• zone -tundra;
• ehlathini;
• exubile kanye amahlathi lezihlahla ;
• asemaqeleni;
• asemaqeleni;
• ehlane zone;
• indawo esihle.

ehlane Arctic phansi oyinyumba amakhaza. Bona iboshwe eyiqhwa kanye nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa simboziwe.

emathafeni zone asibekela cishe 10% yezwe. Le ndawo elimpofu kakhulu e izakhi kanye humus. At ngamasentimitha amabili ukujula kukhona eyiqhwa. Izimila kuyagcinwa kuphela wona kanye ulele.

Tundra sise umngcele phakathi emathafeni futhi ehlathini band kusuka amakhilomitha 20 200. Kuyinto kule ndawo izimila kwaphela nezihlahla. Ziyakwazi buthaka kakhulu futhi ube usayizi encane. Isizathu salokhu namanje ngempela isimo sezulu enemikhuba enhlabathini abampofu.

ehlathini indawo itholakala endaweni nge isimo sezulu esifudumele. Lezi amazwe ukumboza amaningi ala masimu yeRussia, mayelana 60% endaweni ngokuphelele. On insimu yalo kukhona aminyene fir nesihlahla sonwele amahlathi, kanye esincane emahlathini kaphayini.

Enye indawo etholakala eningizimu ngokusebenzisa evunde kakhudlwana inhlabathi ungqimba kanye sezulu esifudumele izimila ocebile. Lapha, inani elikhulu yemifino abade nezihlahla, izihlahla notshani. Okungabalulwa endaweni semi-ogwadule, lapho uhlaza mpofu ngempela ngokwezinto ngenxa nemvula encane.

Tundra: inhlabathi nesimo sezulu

I ukubonakaliswa yokuqala umsebenzi asebenzayo isitshalo nasemkhakheni zone ihlathi-nezimfunda. Yebo, kuyinto endaweni elinesimo sezulu sasivumela enemikhuba wenzalo abampofu. Umbuzo ahlukene - lokho hlobo inhlabathi ehlathini. Lokhu kunqunywa izimo zezulu yesifunda. Umhlabathi we emathafeni futhi ihlathi emathafeni badla imbuya ngothi. At ngamasentimitha angaphezu kuka amabili ukujula glei inhlabathi ungqimba. Ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo isitshalo impande ngesikhathi ngamasentimitha angaphezu kuka amabili kungenzeka ukujula. Isizathu salokhu ukungabi izakhi kanye eyiqhwa kule ungqimba.

emathafeni Russian abanye abacwaningi ngaphambilini kwabalelwa subzone emathafeni noma ehlathini. Kodwa okwamanje kule ndawo naye egqanyisiwe endaweni ehlukile. Kube igama ezivamile - nezimfunda. Umhlabathi yesifunda kwamiswa bedle ezinzima sezulu ye-Arctic.

Phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo izinga lokushisa ifinyelela esiphezulu yayo ngoJulayi kuya 10-14 degrees Celsius. Ezinyangeni zasebusika, kuye ngokuthi indawo kuleli zwekazi, angehla degrees amane Celsius.

inhlabathi amanzi futhi eyiqhwa

Naphezu imvula eliphansi mayelana 350 amamilimitha angu, oswakanyiswe emathafeni Russian. Lokhu kungenxa isilinganiso omubi phakathi ukungena futhi umswakama ukuhwamuka. Kusukela eziyishumi ukuze amaphesenti angamashumi ayisithupha endaweni Imininingwane imbozwe amachibi namaxhaphozi. Lezi zimo zinezikhathi nezimfunda. Umhlabathi, ngenxa moistening ngokweqile nobukhona ematheni eyiqhwa ngenxa okushisa aphansi, yakha isendlalelo evundile ngokwanele kancane (ngesikhathi kumiswa omunye isentimitha wangaphezulu engamakhulu kuka iminyaka).

Uma sicabangela izinhlobo nenhlabathi (ithebula kukhonjisiwe ngezansi) Russia bese uqhathanisa ngezinga lokuzala, iba ezingeni kuyaqondakala kokufaneleka ukulima ezindaweni ezithile. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi izinto ezithile ziba zezulu ukuvumela izinga ekuqongeleleni zemvelo enhlabathini lokuzala. Chernozemnaya (ngokuziqhathanisa esifundeni njengoba emathafeni) inhlabathi ngokushesha kwandisa wangaphezulu, mayelana 1 isentimitha ngayinye iminyaka engamakhulu. Lesi sibalo 5-10 izikhathi kunaleyo zone ihlathi.

izimila

Ukuba khona izimila kunqunywa sezulu kanye inhlabathi nemibandela zone. Ngebanga lalokho, lokhu lunqume ngoba jikelele silwane. Shrub emathafeni futhi nasemahlathini iyashiyana ngesikhathi nokuklanywa. Esikhathini ingxenye esentshonalanga ye-birch akhulise yemifino kanye willow subpolar. Khulisa njengoba sonwele omnyama nomhlophe. ENhlonhlweni Kola lukhula warty birch. EWestern eSiberia - * nomthidari, larch laseSiberia.

Ithonya amanzi phezu sezulu

Imifula amadamu abe sesikhashana ihlathi-emathafeni umthelela ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima sezulu, ngakho izimila emfuleni izigodi landile. Kulezi zindawo, "esichumayo" nezimfunda. Umhlabathi eduze imifula evunde kakhudlwana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigodi emifula ukuvikela izimila kusukela gwingciza.
ihlathi foci kumiswa birch, sonwele futhi larch. Inhlabathi izinhlobo (ithebula ngezansi) zahlukahlukene kakhulu futhi evundile edude amadamu. Izihlahla efanele kanzima, ngezinye izikhathi kuhlaziywe phansi. Ezindaweni ephakathi kwemifula zingatholakala efanele ihlathi kwaphela nabameleli ezihlukahlukene ulele futhi wona.

Nezilwane wehlukile ihlathi nezimfunda.

ecosystem

I-ecosystem e emathafeni zone imelelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene lemmings, shrews, izimpungushe, partridges futhi reindeer. Tundra (Inhlabathi, futhi inquma izimila ezifanele) kuyinto ngokuba nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene inyamazane futhi esiyigugu nedlelo umhlaba. Inani elikhulu ezinyonini ezifudukayo, kuhlanganise Waterfowl. Ngakho, naphezu kwezimo ezinzima, ihlathi-emathafeni abameleli Russian ocebile zomhlaba isilwane. Le ngxenye yezwe iyindawo esiyingqayizivele. Njengamanje, emathafeni ase ihlathi wezwe lakithi esikhathini esiningi ezigcinwe ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni. Isizathu salokhu kukhona, futhi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kangaka lwesimo sezulu.

Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwayo abantu bahlale kuwo kule ndawo inquma ukufuduka kwabantu beya emadolobheni ongaphakeme zensimu. Kodwa ake Ngethemba ukuthi lunqume kuyoba kulondolozwe abangebona izithiyo kokubhujiswa kwalo, kanye lokusungula nokuhlakanipha emphakathini wesintu.