"Izindlela ulungisisa injongo": okwashiwo umlobi. Ezikabani isiqubulo?

Sivame ukuzwa ibinzana, futhi iqiniso ukuthi kusho, ngokuyinhloko ezitholakala imisebenzi classical kanye wesimanje. Ingabe injongo imali? Umbuzo ukuthi ungenza amakhulu abantu ukunwaya amakhanda abo. Akungabazeki Pragmatists uphendule "yebo", kodwa kuvela iphuzu zokuziphatha umbono singasho ukuthi?

Kwahamba kusuka ethi

Uma ukuphela olungisisa izindlela, wazi kanjani ukuthi yini umgomo izisulu ezinhle ngempela futhi uyakufanelekela? Isibonelo esihle kungaba kubhekwe isigwebo sokufa empilweni yesimanje. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuba isijeziso unikelwa abantu abaye bahileleka sina, futhi ukuze kuvinjelwe Ukuphinda zabo, futhi isixwayiso kwabanye ngokuyisisekelo, bona beswela ukuphila.

Kodwa ubani onelungelo ukunquma ukuthi umuntu unecala? Ingabe kuwufanele ukuze udale ababulali professional? Futhi uma umuntu iye yanikelwa yicala, okuyibona abazobamba iqhaza kubulawa umuntu ongenacala?

Lokho isithakazelo ngalesi sihloko usekelwe kahle. Futhi kunengqondo ukuthi nge ubuchwepheshe besimanje futhi isifiso namanje ukuxazulula umbuzo okuphakade kunesidingo ukuthola ukuthi ngubani ekuqaleni wayecabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyamukeleka? Kungani abantu ngakhetha ukuzifihla ngemuva yezinhloso aqhoshayo, ukuze bathethelele izenzo zakhe? Ngisho nalapho efuna ukwaziswa okunzima ukuyiqonda ongumfelokazi ngempela umsunguli waleli isiqubulo.

Befuna iqiniso

Omunye imithombo ethembekile iningi ulwazi usuku, kubhekwa incwadi. Kungaleso kukhona abantu ukuthola ulwazi lwabo, ukufunda umlando ke futhi mhlawumbe uthole amaqiniso esiyingqayizivele. Kodwa on the subject ukuthini inkulumo ethi "izindlela olungisisa umgomo" ukuthola izimpendulo eziqondile zayo kunzima. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi leli zwi iminyaka eminingi, lalisetshenziswa futhi bahumusha ongqondongqondo abaningi abadumile nezazi zefilosofi. Othile bavumelana, umuntu kwenqatshiwe, kodwa kwakungelula ukuthola umphumela umlobi. Abazobhapathizwa main ubunikazi: Machiavelli, u-Ignatius Loyola ongumJesuit semfundiso yenkolo Hermann Busenbaum sefilosofi Thomas Hobbes.

Ukube Machiavelli?

Lapho abantu ukuqala ezibuza: "Ukuphela olungisisa izindlela ... kabani Ingabe isiqubulo esithi," ivame kakhulu ukuba sinike entendeni ukuze Italian emlandweni futhi sazi of xv-XVI eminyaka Niccolò Machiavelli.

Nguye - nombhali indatshana edumile "The Emperor", okungase ngokuthi unencwadi inqubomgomo ezinhle, ikakhulukazi labo izikhathi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kusukela ngesikhathi womsebenzi walo senzeka eminyakeni eyikhulu, abanye imibono yakhe usengakwazi kubhekwe efanele. Kodwa umsebenzi wakhe akukho inkulumo enjalo. imibono yakhe e ngezinga elithile kungenziwa kufingqwe ngala le nkulumo, kodwa ngomqondo ohlukile zezwi. nefilosofi Machiavelli sika isekelwe eqinisweni, ukwenza isitha kholwa ukukhashelwa kwezifiso zawo. Phonsa uthuli emehlweni umangale, kodwa akazange abanike phezulu ngenxa "imigomo ephakeme". imibono yakhe akazange awasho isinyathelo kwezifiso zawo, okusho ulungisisa inhloso umdlalo zezombusazwe.

Yisiqubulo amaJesuit

Yiqiniso, lokhu okulandelayo emva umbhali ucaphuna Machiavelli ukucabanga Ignatiya Loyolu. Kodwa futhi lokhu akulungile ngokuphelele. Awukwazi nje uthumele izandla ubuqhawe. Ngayinye yalezi ongqondongqondo ukubukwa zingase zibonakale le nkulumo, bahumusha, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo efanayo.

Kodwa lokhu kubonisa kuphela kulowo mthombo wokuqala yayingacacile zihluke kakhulu, ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inzalo emshweni ikhula kuphela. Njengoba izindlela olungisisa injongo ukuthi kuhlobene amaJesuit? Yebo. Uma wenze uphenyo, kuba sobala ukuthi isitatimende sokuqala washayelwa Escobar-no-Mendoza. Njengoba Loyola, yena ubuye ongumJesuit, futhi ngempela abadumile. Siyabonga kuye, futhi abanye bakholelwa ukuthi inkulumo ethi kwaba sama-oda. Kodwa eqinisweni, ngemva ukulahlwa uPapa Escobar ubukeka ngakho ngokuphelele, futhi ongumJesuit isiqubulo ngokwalo: ". UNkulunkulu inkazimulo enkulu"

Dilemma samanje

singakwazi ukuhlangana esikhathini sethu lokubekezelana nobuntu (noma kunalokho, ukulwela kwezifiso enjalo) umbono phakathi gaba ukuthi ukuphela olungisisa izindlela? Izibonelo eziningi, kodwa kunalokho, zisekelwe umbono subjective, ngoba akekho osopolitiki musa alinge ukusho amazwi anjengokuthi ngqo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sisenalo into uye njalo ukuthi yaba yithuluzi self-imfundo. Izincwadi kanye nababhali labo zincwadi zibonisa amaphutha emphakathini wesintu. Kodwa manje, amanye amabhuku kwendawo ithonya akugcini.

Izinhlamvu izincwadi, amabhayisikobho, imidlalo ye-computer kanye nezinye imisebenzi yesimanje abaningi izikhathi ukuba enze ukukhetha futhi unqume indlela olungisisa umgomo noma cha. Ukukhethwa senziwa phakathi isithupha kanye okubi nenkanyiso encane ngenxa okuhle ovamile. Ngokwesibonelo, umlingisi ozonquma ukuthi umhlatshelo ezweni, ukuba nesikhathi sokulungiselela ekuvimbezeleni castle? Noma ingabe kangcono ukuze azame ukusindisa emzaneni futhi sethemba ukuthi amandla lamanje ngokwanele ngaphandle izinqaba? Noma kunjalo, kubonakala sengathi akekho ukhetho lwesithathu akusho. Kodwa uma enhle yokubonisa uthando, futhi hero iqala ukuthi ubani ofanelwe ukuphila futhi engesiye, kungenzeka ukuthi kube ngabe ukulondolozwa yezwe lakhe? Yiqiniso, lapho ufunda noma iyiphi indaba, futhi lokumba Empeleni, ungase ubonakale ukuthi ayikho enye indlela. Kodwa ekugcineni, ngokuvamile kuba umbhali libonisa intengo "izinhloso ezinhle" futhi unikeza umfundi othile nethuba lokucabangisisa kungenzeka ukugwema ukuphela ezibabayo. Ngezinye izikhathi kulula phezu kwamehlo akho futhi Ziqinisekise wena ukuthi wenza into elungile. Kodwa akuyena ngaso sonke isikhathi endleleni elula ilungile.