Valery Chkalov: Biography, izithombe umndeni

Baningi ezitaladini, izikole kanye nezinye izinhlangano zibizwa Chkalov. Yayingubani le ndoda? Than emfanele memory enjalo kuye ngokwakhe?

Kubantu okungenani kancane ujwayelene umlando ezweni labo, Valery Chkalov - is, okokuqala kunakho konke, induna crew, ngubani wakwazi ukuthwala ebhanoyini ngendiza yokuqala phezu kwezwe neNorth Pole, hhayi ifike. Umcimbi ezenzeka esikhathini esikude 1937. Inkambo lalifakwa kusuka eMoscow (USSR) eVancouver (United States).

ebuntwaneni

Valery Chkalov wazalwa ngo 20.01.1904 edolobhaneni i Nizhny Novgorod esifundeni. Namuhla, emzaneni lapho umshayeli wazalwa, lingumuzi Chkalovsk. Uyise ubesebenza njengomshayeli boilermaker ezitolo eziphethwe uhulumeni. Mayelana unina ongazi lutho olutheni, washona lapho eneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala.

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-eziyisikhombisa, Valery ngaqala ukufunda esikoleni sabaqalayo, ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu bafunda esikoleni lobuchwepheshe ukuthi manje ebizwa ngegama lakhe. Wathumela kuye ukufunda uyise ngo-1916. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili engifundela, kwadingeka abuyele ekhaya ngoba isikole yavalwa.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, Valery baba ngiqeqeshwe kayise. Wayesebenza njengoba wensimbi ngesikhathi sokukhanda, futhi kamuva - njengoba Stoker kwi zivusa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni Ukuqondiswa kwemikhumbi, okuyinto bakhangwa le nsizwa amathuba akhe.

Qala yesevisi

Isinqumo ukushintsha imisebenzi Valeriy Chkalov wathatha emva 1919 wabona indiza okokuqala. Waqhubeka ukukhonza kule iRed Army izindiza Fitter. izindiza zayo zungu elise Nizhny Novgorod.

Le nsizwa wafuna athuthukise, ngakho ngo-1921, kuye kwenziwa isiqondiso ababhalisele izifundo eSikoleni we Air Force isiqondiso samasosha theory (Egorov). Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu zakhe ngo-1922 saya ku-pilot esikoleni lempi (sts). Naye kwakudingeka umkhuba esikoleni of aerobatics (eMoscow), esikoleni kokudubula, emoyeni ukulwa (Serpukhov).

Ngo-1924, umshayeli Valery Chkalov wangeniswa igama isigaba Nesterov. He is kangaka uyakuthanda ezindizayo, okuyinto evame kakhulu babonise isibindi ngokweqile nesibindi. Ukuze ingozi ngokweqile bavame ulenga kusukela flying.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nsizwa babenezinkinga ngekubayala nangekubacondzisa emhlabathini. Ngo-1925, unyaka wakhe owodwa ababoshiwe yinkantolo lempi sekusuke isidumo udakiwe. Kamuva elithi lancipha laba izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngeshwa, lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho akakunikanga imiphumela emihle, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, ngo-1928, inkantolo yezempi waphinda ngecala umshayeli. Ngalesi sikhathi kule foolhardiness emoyeni futhi izimfa okuphindiwe isiyalo wagwetshwa unyaka owodwa esejele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayekhokha waxoshwa kusukela iRed Army.

Ngenxa ithalente lakhe ngoba ngokushesha waqala ukusebenzisa Alksnis futhi Voroshilov, ngubani ephethwe ngenyanga esikhundleni umusho kule okunemibandela. Umshayeli waba umfundisi nenhloko glider esikoleni

Test umshayeli

Ngo-November 1930, Valery Chkalov wabuyiselwa isikhundla, wathunyelwa e-Air Force NNI eMoscow. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, wakwazi ukwenza izindiza test ezingaphezu kuka ezingamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili, ukuze balukhulume kahle inqubo ukuzanywa amathathu izinhlobo izindiza.

Kusukela ngo-1933, Valeriya Chkalova ukuphila futhi washintsha - washintshelwa ukuhlola pilot i ifektri izindiza eMoscow. Lapha wakuzwa ezihlukahlukene bomlilo ekuhlaseleni. Akazange amane abashiye, futhi foolhardiness emoyeni, kokuba kahle sibalo ekuphumeni izigubhu sokuval ibhodlela futhi kancane.

Ngo-1935 yena yanikezelwa Order of Lenin, umholi kanye umklami UNikolai Polikarpov ngoba ukudalwa fighters engcono. Kwaba umklomelo aphakeme uhulumeni.

Indiza esuka eMoscow kuye eMpumalanga Ekude

Ukundiza obekumele ukukhombisa amathuba wokuthuthukisa zezindiza. Chkalov Valeriy Pavlovich, kwaholela nomsizi wakhe waqala 07.20.1936. Ukundiza lwathatha amahora amahlanu nesithupha engami, kwaze esiqhingini Udd (uLwandle Okhotsk) yena. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, liye unqobe amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka anesithoba amawaka. Kube esiqhingini, ku ndiza washaya eliqoshwe umbhalo othi "umzila kaStalin." Izoqhubeka kuze indiza olandelayo, okuyinto iningi ukuphupha Chkalov, okungukuthi ezazivela eSoviet Union e-United States nge-North Pole.

Ukuze uthole indiza yimpumelelo crew waklonyeliswa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union futhi Order of Lenin. Chkalov Valeriy Pavlovich wanikwa jet yangasese, okuyinto liyalondolozwa kuze kube namuhla futhi lilondolozwe Chkalovsk Museum.

Ukubaluleka lolu hambo kwaqokonyiswa iqiniso lokuthi Stalin yayikhulume ngokoqobo wahlangana nezisebenzi Shchelkovo airfield ngo-August 1936. Ngemva kwalokho Valery Pavlovich beqashelwa lonke kulo lonke Union.

Indiza esuka iSoviet Union ngo-US

Amatilosi ekuqaleni wayefuna ukwenza indiza base-USSR e-United States nge-North Pole, kodwa ukuze uthole imvume yokwenza lokho kwaba kungabonakali ngokushesha. Stalin wayengafuni ukuphindaphindwa ukwehluleka eyehlela Levanevskogo ehlobo lika-1935. Kodwa ngemva uhambo abaphumelele imvume eMpumalanga Ekude wanikwa sona.

Le ndiza waqala 06.18.1937, kwathi ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva esesifundazweni Vancouver (USA). Imibandela indiza kwakunzima kakhulu kunalokho obekucatshangwa. Lokhu kwakubangelwa yenkungu, noma kunalokho ukungezwakali kwawo, futhi uqweqwe lukashukela. Crew wakunqoba namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili nengxenye amakhilomitha futhi waklonyeliswa Order of Red Banner.

Valery Chkalov, izithombe ethulwa esihlokweni, ngakwazi ukuba afeze amacebo abo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wakhethwa, futhi Stalin wamthembisa kwensika NKVD, yena akazange adele ukulinga bahlanganyele ukuhlolwa kwendiza, bakubheka njengobuthakathaka umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko.

ukufa

Ebusika 1938, Valery Chkalov, ogama biography kubhekwa ku review, waba ngokushesha ngokuthi emuva ikhefu ngokuqondene kuvivinywa fighter entsha. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, umshayeli wabulawa (12.15.1938) ngesikhathi ngendiza yokuqala.

Ngokolwazi olukhona, indiza yahunyushwa ngo ngokushesha, ngoba efuna isikhathi ukuze wenze yonke into ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka. Lapho behlangene, indiza watholakala ukukhubazeka cishe abangamakhulu amabili. Polikarpov sasimelene ekubalekeni ngokungadingekile. Ngenxa yalesi umisiwe emsebenzini. Ukuhlolwa Kwakuseshwa phansi kuqala, bese ngaphandle kokwehla igiya. Kwakuthinta ekugcineni selihanjiswa ukwenza indiza, kodwa kuphela kuze ukuphakama kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa kokwehla igiya sihoxisiwe. Ngemva kwalokho, lapho evivinywa imoto obekumele ukuya kwamanye umshayeli.

Ngosuku isivivinyo izinga lokubanda lalingu-degrees amabili nanhlanu Celsius, kodwa wanquma fly Chkalov. Lapho zithi cababa injini wayeka. Umshayeli wazama nokuhlala, kodwa indiza Ubanjwe ku-wire esigxotsheni. Okwamanje imbangela yokufa kwaba ukulimala ngenxa ukushaya ikhanda lakhe armature metal. Ngemva kwalokho umshayeli wahlala akukho ngaphezu kwamahora amabili. Ushonele endleleni eya esibhedlela. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi umkakhe ibithwele ingane inhliziyo yabo yesithathu. Ulubikile lolu daba kuphela ebusuku.

Chkalov wangcwatshwa eMoscow, isitsha yafakwa odongeni Kremlin. Abanye abaphathi ifektri ababehileleke isivivinyo ngokuxhamazela bagwetshwa isikhathi eside bebhadla ejele.

Umndeni nezingane

Enomkakhe, Valery Chkalov, ogama Biography - isihloko ukubuyekeza kwethu, wahlangana lapho esemusha. Ngo-1927 bashada futhi kungakabiphi ngase ingane yokuqala. Olga Erazmovna nee Walnut, wasebenza njengomfundisi.

Valeriya Chkalova unkosikazi ngasinda kuye ngeminyaka ngamashumi amahlanu anesithoba. Useke ebhaliwe eziningi imisebenzi nezinkumbulo umyeni wakhe. Olga wahlala Erazmovna engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesithupha ubudala, ashade akayanga.

Emshadweni, babenezingane ezintathu:

• Igor (1928-2006).
• Valery (1935-2013).
• Olga (1939).

Indodana umshayeli

Igor akazange ukuhlola umshayeli uyise. Kodwa ukuphila kwakhe kwakuhlangene indiza - bathi wayeyingane efana nezinye unjiniyela Air Force. Wabuye sekugcwele Isikhwama Museum abazinikezele kuyise Chkalovsk. Abaningi babefuna ukwazi lapho kuxoxwa, indlela wafa Valery Chkalov. Le ndodana waphendula uyise isuswe ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi kwakufanele nomthelela ku uStalin. Buried indodana aviator abadumile Novodevichy emathuneni.

Indodakazi ukufa kukayise

INdodana Valery Pavlovich kwaba iminyaka ecishe ibe yishumi ubudala ngesikhathi kwenzeka le nhlekelele. Wakhumbula ubaba wakhe emhlabeni izinkumbulo siqu, ngisho landizela naye indiza. Amadodakazi babengenalo nezinkumbulo ezinjalo. Valeria yayineminyaka emithathu kuphela ubudala, futhi Olga wazalwa kuphela okukhona emva kokufa kukayise.

Kulokhu, zonke izingane Valeriya Chkalova ngigcinile inkumbulo ngakho. Mayelana kokufa kukayise e izingxoxo indodakazi Olga banamathela version ukuthi zonke kwenzeka ngenxa ngeminako futhi ugijime "ezimanzi" izindiza. Valeria is banamathela version uyise isuswe, ukuhlela ngamabomu ukuhlolwa izindiza engaphelele.

Ngo-1938 kwaba nenani eliphakeme labangu ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu, kufaka phakathi zezindiza, ngakho akumangalisi odade ungaboni ukuthi uyise angase push mission ngamabomu yingozi.

Imemori hero

Valery Chkalov (iminyaka yokuphila - 1904-1938) wayengomunye wabantu edume kunayo yonke eSoviet Union. Ukuze kuhlonishwe wakhe, ngokuthi metro station, inhlangano ukuphayona, isigaba lempi. Igama lakhe laqanjwa ngokuthi kwesinye seziqhingi oLwandle Okhotsk, okuyinto lawela crew ngesikhathi indiza kusuka eMoscow kuya eMpumalanga Ekude, kanye nendikimba ethile esemkhathini ohlelweni lwethu (inombolo 2692).

It is owaqanjwa ngomuzi lapho engazalelwa kulo. Ngaleso sikhathi-ke ngazalelwa edolobhaneni Vasilevo. Igama lakhe kukhona ezindaweni eziningi e-Russia, e-Ukraine, Tajikistan. Emadolobheni ahlukene elise busts futhi zingcwecwe, kanye omakhelwane, izindlela, ezitaladini nezikole ezibizwa ngegama lakhe. Ngaleso sikhathi, kuba ekhishwe izitembu, zemali anikezelwe Chkalov.

Zakhululwa ngazo eminyakeni ezahlukene, biopic ngokuphila umshayeli. I eziphambili kakhulu kukhona uchungechunge oluthi "Chkalov" (2012) kanye "Abantu owenza umhlaba round" (2014).

Valery wahlala iminyaka emashumi mathathu anamine kuphela. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi wathola iziqu ezikoleni eziningana indiza, uzibophezele indiza ezimbili ezinzima okuningi kuwo North Pole, kwaze kwaba kabili ejele izikhathi eziningana ayifakiwe kwababusi iRed Army, kulandele ukunciphisa. Yena nomkakhe bathola abantwana abathathu ngigcinile inkumbulo kayise. Unkosikazi, umfelokazi wahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu, futhi ungazange washada eside, ukugcina imemori yomyeni wakhe.

Kwabaningi, kwaba kanye uhlala iqhawe ngesikhathi sakhe. Lokhu kusikisela womuntu enhle, bonke amathalente akhe kanye zokungazimiseli sokuphila ngokuthula, kungani njengawo wonke umuntu. Ukuphila kwakhe kwakuthakazelisa esifushane, kodwa okukhulu, futhi ukufa - ezibuhlungu.