Kungani i-Ukraine ogama lakhe lingu-Ukraine? Umlando Ukraine

Kungani i-Ukraine ogama lakhe lingu-Ukraine? Igama laleli zwe lase lekucala ngekota yokugcina yekhulu weshumi nambili. Isikhathi sokuqala okukhulunywe ngaye opus zomlando "The Tale of esidlule Iminyaka", lapho khona umbhali acoca indzaba ngokufa Prince uVladimir Pereyaslav Glebovich e 1187. Ithi, "wamlilela zonke Pereyaslavets ... Ngemva kwakhe, Ukraine lila! Kakhulu." Lo msebenzi wembula welithi "Ukraine", indaba isihloko tekutfutfukisa talelive. Futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili, ngo-118 m, nakhu okuye kwashiwo mayelana Prince Rostislav, ngubani evakashele lapha "ukuba Ukraine Galicia".

Umbuzo ka-Ukraine

Kungani i-Ukraine ogama lakhe lingu-Ukraine? Lo mbuzo has ososayensi eside nesithakazelo, kodwa impendulo ecacile akusiyo namuhla. Abanye abacwaningi baye wachaza umsuka wegama elithi "onqenqemeni" - kude kakhulu maphakathi ucezu indawo, emaphethelweni emzaneni emaphethelweni - komngcele endaweni. Ngamanye amazwi - ezweni, ukuqokwa Krajina e izwe lazo lendabuko, okuyinto eduze emoyeni ezweni, nasezweni lokuzalwa. Umsuka wegama le-Ukraine elisuka ezahlukene.

Nanti elinye umbono - Ukraine, efana, livela egameni "ukrayat" (anqunywe). Ngamanye amazwi, lo incazelo yegama elithi Ukraine njengoba igama isimo - isiqephu sezwe, ukrayany (cut) Kulo lonke, okuyinto ngokushesha yaba eyodwa isiqeshana (izwe mahhala).

Kukhona izinguqulo ezihlukahlukene. Umsuka igama Ukraine ehlangene amazwi: onqenqemeni Krajina (ezweni). Nakuba kungekho okungathatha isikhundla uxhumano sobala. Lapho benza igama Ukraine? Kunemibono ehlukene. Njengoba ososayensi watadisha umsuka wegama elithi - ayaziwa, kodwa inqubo ukuvela umqondo wegama elithi "Ukraine" kuye kwaba isikhathi eside futhi kwadingeka izigaba eziningana.

Edge esikhundleni Emaphethelweni

Igama elithi "onqenqemeni" by value "ingxenye, isiqephu sezwe," eyaziwa kusukela ezinsukwini ulimi isiSlavonic Esidala. Namuhla, leli gama litholakala ngezilimi eziningi Slavic, ngoba ngaso sonke isikhathi izizwe Slavic baye baba umhlaba ehlukanisa imingcele yemvelo - umfula, ihlathi, exhaphozini. Ngenxa yokuthi leli zwi lalilihle futhi abalulekile - emdeni indawo, ekuqaleni noma ekugcineni komhlaba zamaKhosi.

Bavelaphi igama Ukraine, ithakazelisa kakhulu. Ngo isiSlavonic Esidala isikhathi wazalwa izwi Krajina (ezweni) enanini - insimu okungokukaNkulunkulu esizweni. Eceleni igama elithi "onqenqemeni" ngolimi oludala Slavic yayikhona igama elithi "eyebiwe", okusho - ukuncishiselwa kusuka ucezu ucezu ezikude komhlaba, umngcele kakhulu insimu ka isizwe esikude.

Krajina

Futhi okwamanje kungani ye-Ukraine sasibizwa okuthiwa Ukraine? Umbuzo ithakazelisa kakhulu. Kwaba kamuva lapho phakathi lwamaSlav empumalanga ngokuthi "eyebiwe" yi-Isijobelelo ndweni' Ukraine likhona yini izwi ezibaluleke - ucezu ezikude komhlaba, ezindaweni eziqhele kakhulu isizwe. Ngekhulu VI-VIII, phakathi nesikhathi Russ Amandla ukugcwalisa amagama "Krajina", nase-Ukraine ishintshile. Nokho kungani ye-Ukraine sasibizwa okuthiwa Ukraine? Igama elithi "Krajina" by value - ezweni isizwe, ngokushesha waqala ukuthini - ezweni ubukhulu amakhosi asendulo, bese - ezweni Rus. Ngakho-ke yashintsha futhi ekubizweni izwi Ukraine: endaweni zokungena - ingxenye distal besizwe umhlaba, kungcono value - ingxenye ohlanganisa ezweni le ubukhulu amakhosi asendulo, bese - ingxenye ezweni Rus.

ubukhulu

Ezikhathini izinduna ka Kievan Rus, lapho liqala zisuswe kusukela Duchy, igama elithi "Ukraine" kufikile kusho "ubukhulu". Ake sibheke zonke efanayo, kusukela elafika igama Ukraine. Ososayensi baye bezibona ezahlukene izwi Ukraine: Kiev njengoba komngcele insimu ezweni Pereiaslav umhlaba, wethiwa Ukraine ngoba Umncele umhlaba Polovtsian; efana eRussia isitayela principalities ahlukene ekhona; njengazo zonke Rus Kievan ngokuphelele. Kodwa, cishe, umlobi wezenzakalo ngokuthi Ukraine Pereyaslavskaya phansi kuphela. Vele musa ngoba kwaba umngcele asemaqeleni Polovtsian, futhi ngenxa yokuthi lokho kwakukhona ubukhulu ehlukene, izwe elizimele (Krajina).

Ukraine - yezwe

igama Country-Ukraine, kulelozwe, wabonakala ngesikhathi. Futhi-ke, ngaphezu Pereyaslavska Ukraine Ukraine zazihlukile principalities ekhona nezinye Ukraine ezimele. Ukraine lapha ngomqondo yezwe - Pereyaslavskaya izwe Kiev zwe nokunye.

It is kusukela zemihla ngemihla, othi eyaziwa "Prince Rostislav ukuyovakashela Ukraine, Galicia futhi ukusuka lapho waya galich." Lokho izwi "Ukraine" lalibhekisela izwe elizimele, a ubukhulu ehlukene, kubonakala kahle kakhulu izincazelo wesimanje.

Umlando Ukraine wathi kanye igama elithi "Ukraine" uye waphila futhi igama elithi "wekhasi" - ingxenye enkulu yomngcele emazweni zamaKhosi. La mazwi akazange asho into efanayo, kodwa ehlukene linencazelo: "Ukraine" (Igama State) - lokhu ingxenye encane ezweni isizwe, "wekhasi" - izwe emngceleni isizwe, futhi ke ubukhulu amakhosi asendulo.

Lithuania nasePoland

Njengoba XIV engamashumi amahlanu sebuningini nemibuso Kiev Rus, zazo elamiswa kamuva abantu Ukrainian, woza ngaphansi ubunikazi Lithuania nePoland. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, igama Ukraine futhi ifakiwe ku ezindaweni zawa phansi la mandla. Ngaphansi Lithuania babe Chernihiv, Kyïv, Pereiaslav futhi iningi naseVolyn ubukhulu, wabiza zonke Lithuania Ukraine nasePoland besesandleni galich, naseVolyn futhi liyingxenye yezwe ngokuthi amaPolish Ukraine.

Njengoba sekunama-umhlaba Dnieper Cossacks nabizelwa Cossack Ukraine. Umlando Ukraine mayelana lithi ingoma - "oh ezintabeni, ezigodini, phezu Cossack Ukraine ..."

Khmelnitsky

Ngezikhathi zempi base-Ukraine nabasePoland ngokumelene ngaphansi kobuholi Bogdana Hmelnitskogo (iminyaka 1648-1654) Ukraine Zaporozhye nje kuphela ngokuthi umhlaba, kodwa zonke Dnieper. Cishe, kusukela kulo mzuzwana Ukraine waqala ukubiza lonke izwe. Khona-ke leli gama lasakazekela emazweni East Slavic, kanye Slobozhanschyna ukuthi isikhathi esincane wabizwa ngokuthi Sloboda Ukraine. A asentshonalanga isikhathi eside nabizelwa Rus, kodwa kungakabiphi baba igama Ukraine lwendabuko abantu bazo zonke yobuhlanga Ukraine isimo.

History of the izwi

Ukraine - lapho igama kuvela ke? Umqondo yasekuqaleni Ukraine kwendawo ekugcineni abe nomqondo kazwelonke, okuyinto united nomunye emazweni efana Polissia Sivershchyna, Sloboda, le eDonets Basin, esifundeni Black Sea, naseVolyn, Podolia, eBukovina ZaseCarpathos iTranscarpathia.

Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze abantu base-Ukraine kwaba ukuthi igama elithi "Ukraine" kusho igama lezwe, adalwe Bogdanom Hmelnitskim. Ngokungangabazeki, futhi zazo emaphethelweni Empire isiRashiya, kwakungeyona. Uma margin, kungenzeka, emaphethelweni izizwe Slavic. Phela, empumalanga lwamaSlav matasa nje izwe kakhulu lwamaSlav. Ngakho, uma ubale ohlangothini Ukraine, ohlangothini izizwe Slavic.

indaba

Umlando ... Lena izwi sizwa nsuku zonke, kodwa azibonisi ku gravitas yakhe. Ngenxa yokuthi Ukraine ithola uzibuse, Ukraine baye baba nesithakazelo emlandweni wabantu bakhe. Phela, kuphela ulwazi esidlule kuyokwenzeka ukuqonda samanje kanye nokwakha ikusasa eliqhakazile. Indima ebalulekile ngolwazi zonke emlandweni wayo, kudlalwa memos ukulondolozwa. Futhi kube yisikhumbuzo umlando wabantu ezosetshenziswa yizizukulwane ezilandelayo futhi silitadishe kukhona okuthiwa iminyuziyamu.

Umlando Ukraine futhi abantu abahlala kule nsimu, elisuka ezikhathini zasendulo. Yokupaka wabokuqala kakhulu babebhekwa ensimini ka ezimele Ukraine emakhulwini amaningi eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule, i-Early Paleolithic. Man otvoovyval imvelo kulezi zindawo kanye nemithombo yemvelo ka asendaweni. Kusukela izinhlobo bakudala sokuhlangana, nokuzingela nokudoba, wathuthela nokuqashwa kwezolimo futhi isilwane ukunakekela. Emamaki kubaluleke kakhulu emlandweni kuyinkimbinkimbi abamele Ukrainian kwesokunxele Tripoli isiko IV-III ekhulwini BC. Tripoltsy abangabomkhaya ophucukile kakhulu ukuphila kohlanga lwesintu esikhathini Neolithic. Basuke ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela ezolimo, zobumba kanye nokwakhiwa. Ngenxa ukunwetshwa abayimizulane kanye nokupholisa sezulu, lokhu isiko kancane kancane wanyamalala. Ngemva kwalokho, ezindaweni Ukraine wayephila futhi Sarmatians, futhi kemmeriytsy, namaSkithe. A umehluko omkhulu kakhulu izizwe ayakhe le expanses enkulukazi ye-Ukraine wayenezingane ubuzwe ngesiGreki.

East lwamaSlav

Eastern lwamaSlav izimpande namuhla akuyona ikakhulukazi wafunda. isikhathi Predslavyansky ngenxa ukubukeka ngakwesokudla-yasebhange ihlathi-asemaqeleni Dnieper Zarubintsy isiko, okuyinto ngokuhlanganyela zonke lwamaSlav. LwamaSlav khumbula kuqala imisebenzi uTacitus, uPtolemy ngokuthi "Wends". Babehlala endaweni Baltic Sea. Khona-ke, phakathi mina yeminyaka BC kusukela wends zihlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amaSlav - Antes futhi sklaviany. Antes ukuba zazixake ndawo iDanube oLwandle Azov futhi ayafika egatsheni empumalanga lwamaSlav. Basuke ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela ezolimo kanye isilwane ukunakekela. They hweba nge imizi Northern Black Sea-Amandla emazweni Arab. uhlelo lizwe sezombusazwe yeningi. Ukuhola lizwe, Prince kanye nomsebenzi. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu yezwe isinqumo Funky - OMhlangano Yabantu.

Kusukela ngekhulu VII, lapho unezinkumbulo lwamaSlav. LwamaSlav Early ixazululwe ikakhulukazi ngasogwini lomfula emifuleni nasemachibini amaningi. Eqhugwaneni ababengenise ezenziwe ngokhuni nangensimbi nobumba. Idivayisi kwaba ukhathazeke zezombusazwe zamaKhosi. Land ephethwe bohlobo ikakhulukazi ezinkulu - izinhlangano wezinzalamizi ka uzalo. isimo Public ekuseni lwamaSlav libhekene ushintsho kusukela bakudala ukuze lozalo wezempi. Khona-ke amandla idluliselwa libe yifa lenu. Impilo kanye nomsebenzi we-Eastern lwamaSlav njalo ubulokhu uhlangene eduze exhunywe kwi imvelo nomndeni. Lokhu kwabeka isisekelo isiko lwesiSlavic.

isiko

Popular isiko kuye kwafeza indima emasikweni abantu Ukraine. Ezinsukwini ubudala, lapho esiqongweni umphakathi izinduna usefunde ebuKatolikeni futhi isiko aseYurophu, futhi phezulu Cossack izikhulu baba Russified, umphakathi Ukraine ezakhiwa ngaphandle labasetulu kwamasiko kazwelonke. Kuphela uquqaba kwakumelwe bangaphathi isiko, ngaleso sikhathi kwaba kazwelonke. Yindawo isiko wakhulelwa temdzabu, okungukuthi abantu amasiko nombala. Konke lokhu kusobala kakhulu kubonakala iculo abantu, ballads. Ngenxa nabantu, sekungenzeka ukukhulisa isiko Ukrainian ekhulwini XVI-XVII imvuselelo ekhulwini XIX.

Abaningi base-Ukraine abanamakhono ziye zaba nomthelela Polish, isi-Russian, isiko emhlabeni wonkana. Lokhu kwaba Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba ehlukile ohlelweni lwezemfundo, ngenxa okuyinto labantu laliphakathi ngokuvamile ukufunda nokubhala. Futhi omkhulu kwaba indima Ukraine-Rus 'njengoba isikhungo sobuKristu phakathi Eastern lwamaSlav. Ayanda ohlelweni lwezemfundo iye ikakhulukazi ithuthukiswe. isiko Ukrainian bekulokhu elivulekele izwe, kwakungekho zokucwaswa kwabokufika kanye nobuntu samanje. A indima enkulu kakhulu ekuletheni ifa izwe lavela yizazi zefilosofi ezinjalo, izimbongi nobuntu adumile njengo-pan, Prokopovich, Kulish, Shevchenko nabanye abaningi.

Ngamanye amazwe aseYurophu izinkinga zobumpofu, izifo, ukungakwazi ukufunda zaziyonqobeka ngu yentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, ngosizo ababusi baleli zwe bakhipha yesibambiso. Futhi e-Ukraine, wabiza ukuzazi, inkululeko, okuyiwona ungakwazi ushiye kahle kokuba kuvele ukuthi ephambili impilo engokomoya. Njengamanje, lezi zindlela kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu sonke isintu. Ngakho, nakuba lapho kwakukhona igama Ukraine, sengathi akekho ongasho, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi lokhu kwakungumzuzu osemqoka isizwe enkulukazi - kungenzeka ukuba bagomela ngokuzethemba.