Muskeg: imfundo, ubudala, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Cishe noma yimuphi kwendawo eklanywe njengomumo womhlaba kungabonwa olumangalisa landscape angokwemvelo njengesizathu bog Peat. Lokhu esitolo nenqwaba amandla, emazweni amasha evundile ithangi lamanzi, ukuhlinzeka amandla emifuleni.

incazelo

Swamp ngokuthi izindawo izwe ngokweqile umswakama futhi stagnate phezu kwamanzi unyaka wonke. Ngenxa yokuntuleka amanzi angcolile umyela ingekho, futhi ingxenye amanzi-onothando kancane kancane embozwe imifino. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuntuleka komoya futhi umswakama ngokweqile phezu Peat ezifakwa akhiwa. ukujiya yabo ngokuvamile hhayi cm ngaphansi kuka-30.

Peat - namaminerali esetshenziswa njengoba umthombo fuel kanye Umanyolo eziphilayo, ngakho emaxhaphozini kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho.

Izizathu kumiswa Peat bogs

Umlando ukuvela eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-400 million. Modern "abasha" ixhaphozi abafinyelela eminyakeni yobudala engu eminyakeni mayelana 12.000. endaweni yabo ingqikithi yonke le mbulunga ingamakhilomitha angu-abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu 2,682 sikwele, zazo 73% zaba yi-Russia. Ukuvela emaxhaphozini ekulandulayo ezicini eziningana: kunomswakama, isici se-landscape, khona eliqinile inhlabathi izingqimba futhi budebuduze komhlaba.

Ngemva isikhathi eside umswakama ngokweqile emhlabathini zenzeka izinqubo ezithile okuholela ekuqongeleleni Peat. Amahlathi ezimweni umoya-mpilo yokulamba afe ezindaweni ezinabantu of marsh izimila, kahle ezovumelana nezimo ezinjalo. Konke lokhu kunomthelela waterlogging okwengeziwe, okuyinto kuhambisana Peat ekuqongeleleni. Lapho yokushodelwa umoya isitshalo izinsalela ukubola awangaphelela, kancane kancane buthelela ukwakha Peat bog.

izimila

Imibandela engavamile ukuphila neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni zezitshalo ezithile. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi umzimba kudala yokuntuleka lime ku ezifakwa Peat. Lokhu kuholela ukubuyabuyelela of sphagnum moss, okuyinto awukwazi ukubekezelela khona ngisho nengcosana lime emanzini.

izitshalo esivamile peatlands kuzomele sifake cranberry, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ama-cloudberry nama-lingonberry, sundew, Andromeda. Kuvele iqiniso elithakazelisayo ngukutsi tonkhe letindlela babe izici ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwamanzi, okuvame ukuhlotshiswa ngayo izitshalo, ukuthi yibona ezindaweni ezomile.

Peat ukwakheka

Kuyinto idwala organic equkethe-50% namaminerali. Kuyinto ibitume samanje, acid humic nosawoti zabo, futhi akazange abe nesikhathi ukubola izingxenye zalesi sihlahla (, amaqabunga, izimpande).

Isendlalelo engenhla ukumboza bog Peat kuyinto inhlabathi hydromorphous. It elinezindawo ezingenamgogodla futhi amagciwane, lwangena ngezimpande futhi ehilelekile umzimba umphakathi isitshalo. Peat ekuqongeleleni uyephuza kakhulu - ngonyaka ukushuba ungqimba luyanda engadluli u-1 mm. Lokhu kuncika ikakhulu izinga lokukhula main Peat ukwakha - sphagnum moss.

Kancane kancane, ngaphansi kwethonya izingqimba overlying ka Peat is ohlangene, kwenzeka ushintsho zamakhemikhali, kukhona ingxenye wezinto ezingaphili. Umsebenzi walesi ungqimba lugcinwa uma ezingeni amanzi e-marsh ehlobo variable futhi kuyehla kube 40 cm.

Peat - namaminerali esetshenziswa kulezo zimboni nezolimo. It ukhonza njengelungu impahla eluhlaza for ukudalwa anolaka, kodwa Indwangu eqinile. Peat ukukhiqiza izidakamizwa. Ikhono Peat ukuba zikwazi ukumunca amanzi ingasetshenziswa njengoba utshani emfuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyinhlangano Umanyolo omkhulu organic.

okusho peatland

Emazinga lasetulu amanzi kwamaxhaphozi kuye kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi kunamaKristu kwakuwukumsongela yokuqothulwa yabo. Ngo-1971, lesi Sivumelwano esayinwe Ramsar, inhloso okwakufanele ukulondoloza amaxhaphozi. amazwe Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-60 babambe iqhaza namuhla (kuhlanganise naseRussia), okuyinto bakhathazekile ikakhulukazi inkinga ukunyamalala Peat bogs.

Noma yimuphi ixhaphozi kuyinto ichibi yemvelo. Bebonke, bakusekela ubamba kuze kube kahlanu amanzi angenawo usawoti amaningi kakhulu ukwedlula yonke imifula emhlabeni. bogs Peat behileleka ekuqinisekiseni emifuleni ukudla. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo bayakwazi ayeke ushisa amahlathi. Bona humidified emoyeni esikhaleni ezizungezile futhi ukukhonza isihlungi ezithile. Phakathi nonyaka 1 ehektheleni ixhaphozi ubamba emkhathini kuze kufinyelele 1500 kg-carbon dioxide, uhlukanisa 500 kg oxygen. Peat isizinda ngokuvamile kuholela ekubhujisweni emaxhaphozini, futhi ngenxa yalokho, abe umfula engajulile, ezakhiwe ukuguguleka komhlabathi, kukhona ushintsho landscape.

I Peat kahle walondoloza Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka, izinsalela izitshalo, impova, imbewu, okuyinto ungakwazi ukufunda esikhathini esidlule kule planethi yethu. Found in Peat bogs ziye zasiza, isibonelo, ososayensi batholé ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile zezilwane nje ulinde phandle lapho nezimo zezulu eziguqukayo.

Swamp - lena okungenani ehlaselwe womuntu kokungenela ecosystem, ngakho-ke liyisiphephelo ngoba Izitshalo nezilwane eziningi ezisohlwini Incwadi Red. Lapha kukhona amajikijolo awusizo, ezifana cloudberry cranberry, lingonberry.

Umbuso imimoya

Eye yasinda lenqwaba izindaba nama-legends elihlobene ne nasemaxhaphozini. sekukudala bayengelwa abantu imfihlakalo yayo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uyesaba. Lokhu akusona isimanga, t. Ukuze. I Kutholwe ngezinye izikhathi uthola e Peat bogs zabangela ukwesaba langempela. Ngokwesibonelo, e-bogs Peat elise Norway naseDenmark, izinsalela zabantu mayelana abangamakhulu ayisikhombisa wayephila eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziningi edlule ziye zatholakala. Sihamba imvelo yabo kahle kakhulu alondolozwe ukuthi akekho izinsalela noma izingubo zabo cishe akazange ahlupheke ngoba sonke lesi sikhathi.

Ayikho yokwesaba ngaphansi eyenga ezinsukwini ubudala isenzakalo esisodwa, okuvame kungabonakala ixhaphozi. Okokuqala, phezu kwalo mabhamuza bubble omkhulu, khona-ke ngomsindo Ukuvutha, futhi liyachuma jet phezulu yamanzi noma ukungcola. Abantu babekholelwa yalo mbukwane ukubonakaliswa belusizi imimoya emibi, imimoya emibi ayehlala Peat bog. Empeleni, lesi simanga is Yiqiniso, kunezincazelo ngokwesayensi. Ngenxa yalokho zokuwohloka izitshalo marsh elakhiwe igesi i-methane, okuyinto zanqwabelana ngaphansi ungqimba kodaka ezansi odakeni. Ukuze amaqoqo esikhulu kakhulu futhi kwenzeka ngakho ekushayweni alufakwa. Ngokuyinhloko, le gesi kuziwa ezolile ebusweni ngesimo Bubbles ezincane.

Ngakho-ke, into embi ukwedlula esiyingozi Peat bogs, ukuthi kungenzeka imililo, okuyinto ngokuvamile kwenzeka emva omiswe.