Ugesi wemisebe yelanga yiwona - lokhu ... Ukusebenzisa ama-solar panel

Eminyakeni yamuva, ososayensi unesithakazelo ikakhulukazi ehlukile imithombo energy. Amafutha kanye negesi kuzophela ngokushesha noma kamuva, ngakho cabanga ukuthi siyaphi ukusinda kulesi simo, kubalulekile manje. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani ophephela abaphehla ugesi asetshenziswa kabanzi, ubani ozama ukuba kukhishwe amandla olwandle, futhi sikhuluma amandla elanga. Phela, inkanyezi, okuyinto thina sibone cishe nsuku zonke zezulu, engasisiza ukonga imithombo non-ivuselelwe kanye nokwenza ngcono izimo. Inani ilanga uMhlaba ayikwazi overestimated - inikeza ukushisa, ukukhanya, futhi ivumela umsebenzi wazo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Ngakho kungani angamtholi kwenye insiza?

Umlando omncane

Maphakathi nawo-19 se-physics ekhulwini Aleksandr Edmon Bekkerel wathola umphumela photovoltaic. Ekupheleni kwekhulu Charlz Fritts bahlakulele idivayisi wokuqala uyakwazi kucutshungulwa amandla elanga ibe ugesi. Sasisebenzisa selenium camera nge ungqimba ezondile igolide. Umthelela wayebuthakathaka, kodwa lokhu okusungulile ivame ukuhlotshaniswa ekuqaleni solar energy inkathi. Ezinye izazi ungavumelani lokhu ekwakhiweni. Bayibiza umsunguli inkathi yokubusa solar energy usosayensi abaziwa umhlaba wonke Alberta Eynshteyna. Ngo-1921 wathola uMklomelo KaNobel ngenxa echaza imithetho umphumela zangaphandle Photoelectric.

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi amandla elanga - lokhu kuyindlela othembisayo ukuthuthukiswa. Kodwa kunezithiyo eziningi ukuze kuyavumelana njalo ekhaya - ikakhulukazi kwezomnotho kanye nezemvelo. Yini ehlanganisiwe izindleko solar panel, kangakanani umonakalo bona kungabangela imvelo futhi yini enye kunezindlela ukukhiqiza amandla, sifunda kamuva.

izindlela ekuqongeleleni

Umsebenzi ophuthuma kakhulu ezihlobene ne-ukufuywa kwamakamela Amandla elanga, akuyona kuphela ukuthola, kodwa ekuqongeleleni. Yilesi sikhathi esinzima kunazo. Okwamanje, ososayensi zenzelwe 3 kuphela izindlela ukufuywa egcwele amandla elanga.

Eyokuqala kusekelwe ukusetshenziswa esibukweni parabolic futhi kuthi akufane nokudlala kahle ngesibona-khulu, okuyinto ajwayelekile kubo bonke kusukela ebuntwaneni. Khanyisa sidlula lens, kubutsela ngesinye isikhathi. Uma ubeka ephepheni, kuyoba bejabula njengoba izinga lokushisa sawela yelanga Liyindawo okusezingeni eliphezulu kule ndawo. Esibukweni parabolic kuyinto disk phakathi, sifana isitsha engajulile. Lokhu esibukweni, ngokungafani isikhulisi ayihambisi kodwa ibonisa kwelanga lokuqoqa ke ngesinye isikhathi, lapho ngokuvamile iqondiswe amanzi ipayipi abamnyama. Lokhu umbala isetshenziswa ngoba engcono ubamba ukukhanya. Amanzi tube ngaphansi isenzo elangeni heats futhi ingasetshenziswa ugesi noma Ukushisa kwezindlu ezincane.

heater flat

Le ndlela isebenzisa uhlelo ehluke ngokuphelele. umamukeli Solar libukeka isakhiwo multi-egqinsiwe. isimiso sayo ukusebenza kanje.

Edabula ingilazi, imisebe bawe phezu kwensimbi mnyama okuyinto ukuba owaziwa ubamba ukukhanya. emisebeni yelanga iguqulwe ibe energy ezishisayo , futhi heats amanzi, okuyinto ngaphansi ucwecwe lwensimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bonke kwenzeka njengoba indlela yokuqala. Amanzi ukufuthelana ingasetshenziswa noma Ukushisa noma ukukhipha amandla kagesi. Nokho, ukuphumelela le ndlela akuyona okusezingeni eliphezulu ngokwanele ukuyisebenzisa yonke indawo.

Ngokuvamile, ngaleyo ndlela wathola amandla elanga - kuba efudumele. Ukuze ugesi kungaphezu Cishe ukusebenzisa indlela yesithathu.

nama-solar

Iningi bethu bayawazi emithonjeni efana zamandla. Luhilela ukusetshenziswa amabhethri ahlukahlukene noma ama-solar panel, engatholwa ophahleni eziningi amakhaya lanamuhla. Le ndlela nzima ezichazwe ngaphambilini, kodwa liyathembisa kakhulu. Kuyinto lowo ikunika ikhono ukuguqula amandla elanga ibe ugesi ngezinga ezimbonini.

panel Special okuhloswe ukuba liyobamba imisebe eyenziwe zinhlayiya Silica-ocebile. I kwelanga ehlela phezu kwabo, sidilize i-electron aphume emzileni. Esikhundleni sakhe, ngokushesha sifuna omunye, ngaleyo ndlela etholwe okuqhubekayo ezihambayo chain, okuyinto kwakha zamanje. Isetshenziselwa ngokushesha uma kudingekile ukunikeza amadivayisi noma egcinwe ngesimo ugesi e amabhethri ekhethekile.

Ukuthandwa le ndlela esekelwe lokuthi ikuvumela ukuba uthole Watts ezingaphezu kuka-120 nge eyodwa kuphela imitha skwele solar panel. Kulokhu panel abe ukushuba elincane, ebavumela ukubeka cishe noma kuphi.

Izinhlobo Silicon panel

Kunezinhlobo eziningana lamaseli welanga. Eyokuqala zenziwe olulodwa crystal silicon. kahle wabo cishe 15%. Lezi solar panel kukhona eqolo.

Ukuphumelela lamaseli eyenziwe polycrystalline Silicon, sifinyelela 11%. Zibiza kancane indaba ngabo is etholwe ubuchwepheshe lula. Uhlobo lwesithathu iyona ukonga kakhulu futhi kahle ubuncane. Lokhu ephaneleni Silicon amorphous, okungelona crystalline. Ngaphezu kahle, banayo ethile eyodwa enkulu - fragility.

Abanye abakhiqizi ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle ehilela zombili izinhlangothi solar panel - emuva phambili. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ukubamba ukukhanya e omningi, futhi kwandisa umthamo wamandla ezivezwa 15-20%.

abakhiqizi ezifuywayo

Ugesi wemisebe yelanga yiwona emhlabeni isiba kwande. Ngisho ezweni lethu unentshisekelo ekufundeni iqiniso ekhona ngale mboni. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iRussia hhayi ubematasa kakhulu iyona ukuthuthukiswa amandla okunye kunentuthuko osekuzuziwe. Okwamanje, ukudalwa panel amandla elanga kuthatha izinhlangano ezimbalwa - ikakhulukazi izikhungo zezemfundo ezihlukahlukene, kanye nezimboni ukwenziwa zikagesi.

1. SPF "Quark".
2. JSC "Kovrov Mechanical Isitshalo".
3. Zonke-Russian Research Institute for kukagesi Ezolimo.
4. Umshini Isakhiwo NPO.
5. AO viên.
6. JSC "Ryazan Plant amadivayisi metal-sobumba."
7. JSC Pravdinsky umshayeli isitshalo imithombo we zamanje "omuhle".

Lena ingxenye encane nje kuphela izinkampani, ukuthatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukiswa amandla okunye eRussia.

Umthelela emvelweni

Ukunqatshwa nowoyela amandla imithombo akugcini nje ehlangene yokuthi lezi zinsiza kuyaye kamuva uphelelwa. Iqiniso lokuthi zilimaza kakhulu imvelo - engcolisa umhlabathi, umoya namanzi, nesandla ekuthuthukiseni izifo kubantu futhi ukunciphisa amasosha omzimba. Yingakho imithombo yamandla kufanele kube ephephile kusukela iphuzu kwemvelo umbono.

Silicon, esetshenziselwa nokukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana solar ngokwalo iphephile, ngoba impahla yemvelo. Kodwa ngemva wokuhlanza luhlala imfucuza. Abakwazi balimaza abantu nendawo ezungezile noma uma isetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo eliyimfuhlumfuhlu ngokuphelele ama-solar panel, zingaphazamisa ukukhanyisa zemvelo. Lokhu kuyoholela izinguquko ku-ecosystem ekhona. Kodwa ngokuvamile, umthelela emvelweni amadivayisi ngoba ukuguquka amandla elanga incane.

umnotho

Izindleko enkulu ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana solar abahlangene Izindleko eziphezulu zokuthola izidingo izinto zokusetshenziswa. Njengoba sesibonile, panel ekhethekile zidalwe kusetshenziswa silicon. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kule amaminerali zisakazwa imvelo, ne inyamazane yakhe iboshelwe khona inkinga enkulu. Iqiniso lokuthi Silicon, okuyinto engcono kakhulu kunaleyo ingxenye yesine nenqwaba uqweqwe eMhlabeni, asifanele nokukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana welanga. Ngenxa yale njongo, efanelekayo impahla okumsulwa kuphela etholwe izindlela ezimbonini. Ngeshwa, aphume isihlabathi ukuze uthole Silicon okumsulwa kuyinkinga kakhulu.

Ngoba intengo le nsiza ifaniswe ne-uranium isetshenziswa enuzi izitshalo amandla. Yingakho izindleko nama-solar okwamanje uhlala ezingeni kahle eliphezulu.

ubuchwepheshe besimanje

Imizamo yokuqala yokulawula amandla elanga khona isikhathi eside. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abacwaningi abaningi amatasa ucinge imishini esebenza kahle kakhulu. Kufanele kube nje kuphela ukuncintisana ngokwezomnotho, kodwa futhi ezihlangene. ephumelela ngayo nokukhuthala kwayo kumele silwele esiphezulu.

Izinyathelo ngowokuqala kudivayisi ekahle ekutholeni futhi iguqulwe amandla elanga ezenziwe kokusungulwa Silicon amabhethri. Yiqiniso, intengo impela high, kodwa panel zingafakwa ophahleni futhi izindonga zezindlu, lapho ngeke siphazamise ubani. Ukusebenza kahle amabhethri enjalo akunakuphikwa.

Kodwa indlela engcono kakhulu ukwandisa ukuthandwa amandla elanga - ukwenza kube eshibhile. ososayensi German kakade liphakanyiswe esikhundleni Silicon, nezindwangu zokwenziwa, okungase bafakwe indwangu noma ezinye izinto. Ukuphumelela yeseli enjalo elanga akuyona eliphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa ihembe eyayihambisana nezindwangu zokwenziwa ungakwazi, okungenani, ukuze kutholakale ugesi ukuze smartphone noma umdlali. Ngezenzo abasebenza emkhakheni nanotechnology. Mhlawumbe, kodwa ngeke avumele ilanga ukuze abe umthombo ethandwa kakhulu amandla kuleli khulu leminyaka. Ochwepheshe yenkampani Scates NJENGOBA kusukela Norway uye walisho kakade ukuthi i-nanotechnology kuzonciphisa izindleko solar panel kuyizikhathi 2.

Ugesi wemisebe yelanga yiwona emakhaya

Izindlu, okuyinto ngokwayo kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi iphupho eziningi ngokuqinisekile: akukho ukuncika zokufudumeza, nobunzima ukukhokha izikweletu futhi umonakalo emvelweni. Kakade, emazweni amaningi kukhona ezokwakha izindlu, usithathela kuphela amandla ethathwe imithombo. Isibonelo esimangalisayo - okubizwa ngokuthi indlu welanga.

Ngesikhathi lakhiwa-ke kuzodinga ukutshalwa njengengcebo enkulu kunemicebo bendabuko. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka eminingana ukusebenza, zonke izindleko uzokhokhelwa emuva - ukhokhele Ukushisa, amanzi ashisayo nogesi. Endlini solar zonke yale miyalezo iboshelwa ethize photovoltaic panel ibekwe phezu kophahla. Futhi ngaleyo ndlela wathola amandla hhayi kuphela esichithwa izidingo zamanje, kodwa futhi buthelela ukusetshenziswa ebusuku futhi sezulu esinamafu.

Okwamanje, ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezinjalo uqhutshwa hhayi nje kuphela emazweni eduze nenkabazwe, lapho amandla elanga ukukhiqiza indlela elula. Futhi elalizokwakhiwa e-Canada, eFinland naseSweden.

Izinzuzo nezingozi nebubi

Ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe ukubophela amandla elanga yonke indawo, kungaba ngaphezulu asebenzayo. Kodwa kukhona ezinye zezizathu ezenza kusenzima akusikho okuhamba phambili ohlwini. Njengoba sishilo ngenhla, enkulu ekwakhekeni panel ezivezwa izinto imvelo elimazayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini siphelile iqukethe ukubunjwa yayo gallium, i-arsenic, cadmium kanye nomthofu.

It siphakamisa imibuzo eminingi futhi isidingo kabusha panel photovoltaic. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-50 yomsebenzi bayoba langakufanelekela inkonzo, futhi ngandlela-thile ukubulala. Ingabe kubangele umonakalo omkhulu emvelweni? Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi solar energy - luyinto edlulayo isisetshenziswa nekusebenta ukukhiqizwa okuyinto incike isikhathi sosuku kanye sezulu. Lena ethile ebalulekile.

Kodwa elithola, yebo. Ugesi wemisebe yelanga yiwona ingase ivezwe cishe yingasiphi emhlabeni, kanye nemishini ye ekuwulungiseleleni kanye nenguquko angase abe mancane ukuze uvumelane ngemuva smartphone. Yini okubaluleke nakakhulu ukuthi kuyinto ovuselelwayo, okungukuthi, inani amandla elanga izohlala ingashintshiwe okungenani iminyaka eyinkulungwane.

amathemba

Ukuthuthukiswa solar zamandla kufanele kuholele izindleko ephansi ukudala izinto. Kakade, kukhona zengilazi zendawo ukuthi ingafakwa amafasitela. Ukuthuthukiswa nanotechnology eye wayeka usungula upende ukuthi wafutha phezu solar panel kanye nama kungaba esikhundleni Silicon ungqimba. Uma izindleko amandla elanga ingabe iwe izikhathi ezimbalwa, ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo, uyophinde ukhule kaningi.

Ukudala panel ezincane isicelo ngabanye kuzovumela abantu kuzo zonke izimo lelikhulu lekusebentisa emandla elilanga - ekhaya, emotweni noma ngisho kuleli zwe. Ngenxa ukusatshalaliswa yabo ukunciphisa umthwalo amandla emaphakathi, ngoba abantu bazokwazi ukushaja electronics ezincane.

ochwepheshe Shell BakaJehova bakholelwa ukuthi ngo-2040 cishe isigamu sezindela amandla emhlabeni lizokhiqizwa kusukela ezivuselelekayo. Kakade eJalimane, solar energy ukusetshenziswa likhula ngokushesha, futhi umthamo webhethri ingaphezu 35 gigawatts. EJapane futhi ngenkuthalo asathuthuka lokhu umkhakha. Lawa mazwe amabili - abaholi amandla elanga emhlabeni. Mhlawumbe, ngokushesha ukuba bajoyine i-United States.

Okunye ehlukile imithombo energy

Ososayensi asiyeki ezikudidayo ngenxa yokuthi ungakwazi isazosetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ugesi noma ukushisa. Nikeza izibonelo ethembisayo ehlukile imithombo energy.

Ophephela abaphehla ugesi zingatholakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwe. Ngisho emigwaqweni emadolobheni amaningi Russian ukufaka izibani ukuthi kukhona oludonsa e ugesi kusukela umoya energy. Ngokuqinisekile izindleko zabo ephakeme kunaleyo Ngokwesilinganiso, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bayoba ukubuyisa imali umehluko.

Kudala ke yasungulwa ubuchwepheshe kute kukhicitwe emandla usebenzisa umehluko lokushisa kwamanzi phakathi kolwandle futhi ngesikhathi ukujula. China ngenkuthalo uya ukuthuthukisa kule ndawo. Eminyakeni ezayo, ngasogwini China bayahamba ukwakha kwekulu amandla plant egijima kule ubuchwepheshe. Zikhona nezinye ukusetshenziswa kolwandle. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Australia, uhlela ukusungula isitshalo amandla ekhiqiza amandla amandla amanzi imisinga.

Kunezinye izindlela eziningi ukukhiqiza ugesi noma ukushisa. Kodwa uziphakamisile zasemuva zezinye izinhlelo nezindlela eziningi amandla elanga - ukuthi ezithembisa ngempela indawo isayensi.