A. S. Pushkin, "lethusi wehhashi": umlando ukudalwa le nkondlo

Inkondlo "lethusi wehhashi" - ingenye izinkondlo olunzulu kakhulu, ongaqondakali futhi eyinkimbinkimbi Pushkin. Wabhala ekwindla ka-1833 e-Boldin abadumile. Lena indawo kanye nesikhathi wanikeza ugqozi okungavamile Aleksandru Sergeevichu. Umqondo "lethusi wehhashi" by Pushkin kwenanela ngokucacile imisebenzi abalobi ababephila kamuva kakhulu, futhi wayechitha yokudalwa kwasekuqaleni, isihloko Petersburg, futhi okwesibili, isihloko ukushayisana ngemibono ezinkulu ngokubabazekayo kanye nezintshisekelo "ndoda omncane." Enkondlweni kukhona iqhawe amabili aphikisanayo nezingxabano ezingahlangani phakathi kwazo.

"I-Bronze wehhashi": umlando ukudalwa le nkondlo

On the inkondlo, Pushkin kanzima uwuqedile ngokushesha okukhulu - e amabili nanhlanu nje izinsuku Okthoba. Phakathi nale nkathi elinothile okwakuzoba lokusungula Alexander nazo zazisebenza lapha "Indlovukazi Spades," wabhala temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba namavesi kwendaba "Angelo". Lezi organically okwaziyo futhi emangalisa "lethusi wehhashi", indaba yendalo kuhlobene eduze hhayi kuphela nezisusa namaqiniso futhi arekhoda khona inkathi, kodwa futhi ne izinganekwane eliye lakhula emhlabeni umuntu omkhulu futhi edolobheni, kubangelwa intando bakhe obuphakeme kakhulu.

Imingcele kanye impicabadala le nkondlo

"Izindaba Petersburg", njengoba umlobi imakwe uhlobo yayo, censored uMbusi uNicholas mina, owabuyela umbhalo wesandla ne mshini ipensela ayisishiyagalolunye. Ukhungathekiswe eyalotshwa imbongi eshicilelwe umbhalo isingeniso inkondlo "lethusi wehhashi" (umlando indaba olusankondlo zithathelwe ngaleli qiniso) nge wokulahlekelwa obucacile endaweni Tsar amamaki. Kamuva, Pushkin namanje rewrote kulezi zindawo, kodwa ukuze incazelo linamathele kuwo ayikashintshi. Ngokungabaza, umbusi avunyelwe ukuba kusakazwe le nkondlo "lethusi wehhashi". Umlando umkhiqizo lihlotshaniswa impikiswano ashisayo lwavutha emhlabeni inkondlo engemva yayo.

I umbono kwezincwadi

Izingxabano bengayeki kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngokwesiko, ukukhuluma mayelana namaqembu amathathu otolika nkondlo. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa abacwaningi abathi isici "umphakathi", okuyinto kukhanya inkondlo "lethusi wehhashi". Leli qembu abahlaziyi bemibhalo, eholwa Vissarion Belinsky ukubeka phambili version leyo nkondlo Pushkin kuye kwabazuzisa inhlekelele ilungelo ukwenza ezindabeni zezwe, umhlatshelo izithakazelo kuhlanganise nokuphila ngokwakho indoda elula avulekile.

incazelo neyobuntu

Abameleli beNdikimba elinye iqembu, eholwa imbongi Valeriem Bryusovym, uprofesa Makagonenko nezinye abalobi, emaceleni ngokugcwele nomunye uhlamvu - Eugene, ethi ukufa ngisho impela ngokuya imibono yomuntu onamandla ayikwazi olungisiswayo impumelelo enkulu. Lokhu kuthiwa neyobuntu. Abagxeki abaningi etemibhalo bathambekele ncamashi ukuhlola inoveli "I-Bronze wehhashi", indaba le nkondlo, esiqintini okuyinto wafaka usizi kube we "omncane" umuntu uhlushwa imiphumela volitional amandla isinqumo isiqinisekiso.

ukungqubuzana okuphakade

Abamele iqembu lesithathu abacwaningi waveza ukholo uhlelo mayelana undecidability edabukisayo le mpi. Bakholelwa ukuthi Pushkin wanikeza isithombe umgomo we indaba "lethusi wehhashi". Kodwa ngomlando ngokwawo usilahlileh ukungqubuzana okuphakade phakathi "umakhi ngokuyisimangaliso" uPeter Omkhulu kanye elithi "ubumpofu" Eugene ngu - abavamile idolobha ohlala nge izimfuno zawo nesizotha futhi amaphupho. amaqiniso amabili - abantu abavamile futhi sikahulumeni - ningabaleli alinganayo, kepha alukho wawungaphansi nezinye.

I zehlakalo ezimbi kakhulu kule nkondlo "lethusi wehhashi"

Umlando senkondlo, yebo, ngokuqinile kuyavumelana umongo zamasiko nezomlando esikhathini esiningi uma idaliwe. Lokho kwaba isikhathi phikisana endaweni yomuntu emlandweni futhi ithonya izinguquko ezinkulu isiphetho ngabantu abavamile. Lokhu isihloko yavusa Pushkin ekupheleni kwawo-1820. Ukuthatha ubufakazi obubhalwe kazamcolo elafika Petersburg Novemba 7, 1824, kunoma iyiphi wephephandaba obhaliwe, imbongi ekhaliphile sazi kuziwa ngokuvamile ezinkulu kwezenhlalo nefilosofi. Ubuntu wezinguquko enkulu brilliant uPetru ukuba 'sigqoke Russia ngemilenze yayo yangemuva, "livela umongo wehlelwe usizi ngokuqondile ingane esemthethweni Eugene ngamaphupho yayo emincane ngobala-wobunxiwankulu ingcebo yakhe kancane, hhayi njengoba ngokungananazi omkhulu lifanele silokhu sithi. Inkondlo "lethusi wehhashi" by Pushkin ngakhoke abutholakali ukudumisa drive odic, vula "ifasitela eYurophu".

bheka umahluko phakathi Petersburg

Northern Capital kwaphakama ngenxa isinqumo sangamabomu Tsar uPeter Omkhulu ngemva kokunqoba kwakhe abaseSweden. Isinqe salo yayihloselwe ukuba bamukele lesi sinqumo, ukuze abonise amandla yeRussia, futhi avule indlela ukukhulula lokushintshisana kwezamasiko kanye nokuhwebelana kwamazwe aseYurophu. Idolobha lapho wazizwa nangobukhulu umoya womuntu, ebonakaliswa ukubukeka yezakhiwo esiqinile nobunye, ukukhuluma izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu ukufanekisa ngezimpawu kanye namanye amatshe ezikhumbuzo, elisivulekelayo endabeni "lethusi wehhashi." History of the St Petersburg based Nokho, hhayi nje kuphela yobukhulu. Njengoba yayakhiwe "ixhaphozi Blat", okuyinto wabeka amathambo ezinkulungwane abakhi engaziwa, idolobha likhungethwe esimweni eliyingozi futhi engaqondakali. ubumpofu ezicindezelayo, okusezingeni eliphezulu lokushona kwabantwana bezalwa, le igunya yesifo kanye nenani eliphakeme lokuzibulala - okungukuthi ngakolunye uhlangothi aluhlaza Uthwesé dolobha phakathi nesikhathi nakhu akubhala Alexander Pushkin. ubuso ezimbili edolobheni, lephuma ngokusebenzisa omunye komunye, uqinise ingxenye lasezinganekwaneni enkondlweni. "Ukuhwalala okungabonakali" ukukhanyisa okhanyayo ezisemadolobheni kudala abakhileyo umuzwa ukuthi bahlala uhlobo endaweni ongaqondakali futhi ongokomfanekiso, okungase yaqhuma, futhi ngokuzimisela eliyingozi ukuhambisa ezikhumbuzo kanye eziqoshiwe. Futhi lokhu, futhi, ngokwezinga elikhulu kuhilela umlando "lethusi wehhashi." Pushkin, njengoba imbongi, akakwazanga ukuzibamba izinguquko, egcwele umvuthwandaba ngesakhiwo. Esikhathini art eziyize isikhala inoveli uyaphila okubhayindiwe egandayiwe ehlane abandayo zethusi esifanekisweni nokujaha kukuphathe kabi ngemva kokushonelwa Sweetheart bese uyivala wonke amathemba Eugene.

ukungena umqondo

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba sihambe aphendule umhlaba ukuqhaqhazela ngaphansi zezinkunzi ihhashi yensimbi, kufanele uhambe ngokusebenzisa izenzakalo kabi futhi ezinobudlova ezenzeka esikhathini ngeshwa Yevgeny ukuphila ukuthi ukugxekana abakhi esikhulu yokuthi uye ukubeka idolobhakazi umhlaba ezithandwa yizikhukhula ezinzima, kanye ukuqaphela egqamile kanye entry grand, okuyinto kuvula inkondlo "lethusi wehhashi".

UPetru wayemi ogwini umfula zasendle, lapho amagagasi ezizamazamisa isikebhe iyashesha ukuthinteka, futhi emhlabeni ezinomsindo obukhulu ihlathi udangele, endaweni ethile unamathele eqhugwaneni wosizi 'Chukhontsev ". Kodwa iso le engqondweni sika, umsunguli inhlokodolobha enyakatho kakade ubona "idolobha elihle", osuswe "ngokuziqhenya 'futhi" ngokucebile "phezu ezilala egwadle iNeva River, idolobha elihlobene ne ikusasa impumelelo zomphakathi kanye lemisebenzi emikhulu. Pushkin awukhulumi igama Peter - lo mbusi is okukhulunywe usebenzisa izabizwana "yena", futhi ugcizelela emagama odic entry isakhiwo. Ngo ecabanga ngolunye usuku kanjani "lapha" Russia "ukusongela Swede," umholi omkhulu akaboni namuhla, "i-Angler Finnish" owaliphonsa amanzi "ubudala" nenetha yabo. UMbusi eqala ukubona ikusasa lapho izimoto iya marinas ezicebile ezivela wonke amagumbi omhlaba, kodwa abazange bakuqaphele ubani aphinde abhukude abuyele ngesikebhe engenabantu baqoqene e maqhugwane ezingavamile ogwini. Ukudala umbusi wombuso ukhohlwe ngalabo wadala. Futhi iphutha ubuhlungu uyasondla umqondo inkondlo "lethusi wehhashi". Pushkin, umlando lapho kwakungeyona nje iqoqo imibhalo ezigciniwe, kodwa ibhuloho, uphonswe nesizayo, ikakhulukazi wawuzwa ngokujulile nangokubonisa imizwa lidlulisela ingxabano.

Kungani umgibeli zethusi uvele emlonyeni ithusi imbongi?

Iphuzu Yiqiniso, hhayi kuphela e yokuthi abalobi bekhulu le-19 abawubonanga umehluko okukhulu semantic phakathi zethusi nethusi. Kuyinto esingokomfanekiso lena Bronze wehhashi. Umlando yokubhala izinkondlo Kulokhu okuhlanganisiwe ne allegory waseBhayibhelini. Akusiyo ingozi ngakho kwesithombe uPetru 'isithombe "nokuthi" isithombe "- ncamashi amazwi afanayo uthi abalobi beBhayibheli, etshela we ithole legolide, okuyinto, esikhundleni kuNkulunkulu ophilayo abakhulekelwa amaJuda. Lapha, isithixo ngisho igolide, kodwa zethusi kuphela - ngakho umbhali kunciphisa ukukhanya futhi inkazimulo isithombe, akhazimulayo yangaphandle okunethezeka akhangayo, kodwa igcwele ngaphakathi akuyona okuqukethwe ezibalulekile. Yilokho subtexts uphefumula umlando "lethusi wehhashi."

Pushkin ngeke esolwa uyamzwela olungenamkhawulo umqondo eNgophezukonke. Nokho kuyadida, futhi kwawo nesihloko idyll yokudlala kwakhiwa Eugene amaphupho. Amathemba izinhlelo "umuntu omncane" zikude imfuno angokomoya ajulile, lapho Pushkin wabona ukulinganiselwa kwabo.

Umvuthwandaba inkinga lekhona endzabeni, sincumo

Ngemva inking entry kanye nezimemezelo uthando emzini Pushkin uxwayisa ngokuthi ngaphezulu esizoxoxa ngazo izenzakalo, "esesabisayo." A ngemva kweminyaka eyikhulu kwenzeka ogwini eGulf of Finland Petersburg olusemthethweni Eugene ebuyela ekhaya ngemva isevisi, kanye namaphupho Parasha wakhe nengoduso. Ngalo, wayengabhekiseli ezimiselwe ukubona, ngoba, njenge endlini yakhe nesizotha, ngeke bathwale "bahlanya" amanzi "Ukufutheka" iNeva. Lapho isici ithuliswe, Eugene uyoziphonsa beyofuna othandekayo wakhe, futhi baqiniseke ukuthi eyodwa akasaphili. Ingqondo yakhe ayikwazi ukumelana umthelela, futhi kuye le nsizwa uyahlanya. Yena iyazula edolobheni nepriyutnomu iba target inhlekisa izingane zendawo, akhohlwe indlela ekhaya. In Izinkinga zabo Eugene usola idolobha uPetru vozvedshego endaweni engafanele, futhi ngaleyo ndlela wadalula abantu usengozini ofayo. Ngenxa yokuphelelwa ithemba, uhlanya okusongelayo isithombe zethusi: "Uzho nawe .." Ngemva kwalokho unembeza avuvukele akuzwayo esindayo futhi sonorous "skakane" ku cobblestones futhi umbona engahlelekile nabagibeli ne ngesandla eseluliweyo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, u-Eugene, watholakala eshonile phambi kwendlu yakhe angcwatshwe. Iphela kanjalo iminyaka enkondlweni.

Elementi wayeyiqhawe agcwele

Iyiphi indima udlalwa lapha element, okuyinto ozimele obuntu tando futhi kungalimaza konke kuze hlabathi? Abacwaningi bakholelwa indaba ukuthi uhlukana phakathi kwabantu, it uxhuma izikhathi abanye ehilela esiyimbangela chain. Sihlanganisa ezimbili esiqintini indaba - umcimbi futhi symbolical - angaphandle kanye ezifuywayo. Ukungqubuzana kwemisebenzi kwakubonakala ukuvusa amandla izici, okuyinto imigomo sangaphandle phetho ebhubhisa futhi kuvimbela injabulo yomuntu. Ukulungiswa le mpi itholakala lokuthi owawubonisa ukuthi igebe phakathi yobukhulu enkulu amandla imiklamo isikhala esingokomoya sabantu ubuntu kumuntu ovamile yathinteka, ke ivaliwe. Lezi izinkinga imisebenzi Pushkin sika "lethusi wehhashi", indaba yokudalwa nkondlo ekuqaleni ochungechungeni ezingaqondakali "Petersburg" izindaba nasezincwadini ziye ezokwenza satiate abadali izincwadi Russian of yeshumi nesishiyagalolunye kanye eminyaka lwamashumi amabili.

Inkondlo futhi isikhumbuzo

Kuvulwa lesikhumbuzo ukuze uPeter Omkhulu phezu iSigele Square e St Petersburg esenzeka Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo lika-1782. Isikhumbuzo, i umusa umxhwele kanye nobuhle, waba ukusihlela kusengaphambili uCatherine II. On ukudalwa umqophi French esifanekisweni Equestrian basebenzile Eten Falkone, uMarie-Ann Kollo inkosi Russian Fyodor Gordeyev sculpted zethusi inyoka ngaphansi abanolaka ihhashi inselo Petrova. Phansi esifanekisweni efakwe dwala, ngokuthi ukuduma-itshe, isisindo sawo sasiyitalenta engaphansana nje kwengu-amathani amabili nesigamu (lonke lesikhumbuzo unesisindo esingamathani angaba ngu-22). On endaweni lapho yinhlama kwatholakala lahlolwa futhi kwatholakala ukuthi efanelekayo lesikhumbuzo, itshe waxosha ngokucophelela cishe izinyanga ezine.

Ngemva kokukhishwa kukamagazini i nkondlo Aleksandra Pushkina, hero okuyinto imbongi akwenzile ncamashi lokhu lesikhumbuzo, esiveza uqambe Bronze wehhashi. Abahlali nezivakashi Petersburg banethuba omkhulu ukubona lokhu lesikhumbuzo, ezingasetshenziswa ngaphandle ihaba ubizwe iwuphawu edolobheni, cishe njengoba yayinjalo Ensemble yezakhiwo.