Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky: Biography, lokusungula

Isihloko lokusungula abalobi baba ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. A iqhawe nebutho Vasily Terkin edala kwaba udumo omkhulu, singasho ukuthi uvelile umlobi. Ukuphila umsebenzi umbhali Soviet isimanga sixoxa kulesi sihloko.

Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky: Biography

Kwazalelwa khona imbongi kule endala isitayela 8 Juni (Juni 21 - entsha) ngo-1910 edolobhaneni Zagorje, elisetendeni esifundazweni Smolensk. Uyise, Trifon Gordeevich, kwaba umkhandi wensimbi, futhi unina, uMaria Mitrofanovna kwaba sengathi kuhlangene umndeni ka smallholders (abalimi, owayehlala emaphethelweni Russia nase kwakudingeka aqaphe kwemingcele yayo).

Uyise, naphezu ongumlimi imisuka yakhe, wayeyindoda nokubhala futhi babekuthanda ukufunda. Endlini baqhutshwa ngisho izincwadi. Sebakwati kufundza umama womlobi esizayo.

Ngezinye umfowabo ka-Alexander abasebasha Ivan, owazalwa ngo-1914, kamuva owaba umbhali.

ebuntwaneni

Ngokokuqala ngqá imisebenzi zabuna Russian yendlu wahlangana Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. Umlando Omfushane umbhali usitshela ukuthi umndeni Twardowski kwakuyinkambiso - kusihlwa ebusika, othile abazali ukufunda ngokuzwakalayo Gogol, Lermontov, Pushkin. Labe aluthola uthando Twardowski izincwadi ngisho waqala ukubhala evesini lokuqala, kodwa hhayi ngempela ukufunda ukubhala kahle.

Alexander wafunda esikoleni amancane asemaphandleni, futhi eminyakeni eyishumi nane waqala ukuthumela emaphephandabeni endawo ukushicilelwa amanothi amancane, ezinye zazo ngisho sekunyatheliswe. Ngokushesha Twardowski nesibindi ukuthumela netinkondlo. Umhleli we zendawo iphephandaba "Umsebenzi Indlela" isinyathelo isekela imbongi abasha, futhi ngezindlela eziningi lwamsiza ekunqobeni amahloni yemvelo futhi waqala ukusakaza.

Smolensk-Moscow

Ngemva kokuqeda isikole wathuthela Smolensk Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky (biography nemisebenzi ethulwa kulesi sihloko). Lapha umbhali esizayo wafuna noma ngiqhubeke ngitadisha noma ukuthola umsebenzi, kodwa akekho noma enye-ke ukuthi ngeke kwenzeke - ke edingekayo okungenani ezinye uhlobo okukhethekile, okuyinto yena akazange.

Twardowski waphila amapeni owaletha edlulayo nomholo lokuloba, ngoba okuye kwadingeka alwisane imibundu izinhlelo. Uma-dolobha, "Okthoba" umagazini izinkondlo imbongi zishicilelwe, waya eMoscow, kodwa lapha it is hhayi inhlanhla amamatheke. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1930, Twardowski waphoqeleka ukuba abuyele Smolensk, lapho afike achitha khona iminyaka eyisithupha yokuphila kwakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi wakwazi ukungena Pedagogical Institute, okungasekelwe kuqedwa, futhi waya eMoscow, lapho ngo-1936 wabe esengeniswa MIFLI.

Phakathi nale minyaka, Twardowski sesibe ngenkuthalo inyatheliswe futhi ngo-1936 wanyathelisa inkondlo "Izwe Labantu Izintuthwane", elalinikezelwe collectivization ukuthi zamkhazimulisa. kwavela iqoqo lokuqala izinkondlo Tvardovsky "yasemaphandleni Chronicle" ngo-1939.

neminyaka yempi

Ngo-1939 ngabuthelwa Red Army Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. Biography yomlobi okwamanje washintsha evele - ungakwesokunene maphakathi ezempi entshonalanga yeBelarus. "IRed Army" Kusukela 1941, Twardowski wasebenza Voronezh iphephandaba.

Le nkathi libhekene zezimbali lokusungula somlobi. Ngaphandle le nkondlo owaziwa "Vasily Terkin" Twardowski kudala "oluzoQapha Chronicle" umjikelezo izinkondlo kanye iqala umsebenzi ngenkondlo adumile "Road House", eyaqedwa ngo-1946.

"Vasily Terkin"

Biography Tvardovskogo Aleksandra Trifonovicha igcwele ezihlukahlukene impumelelo yokudala, kodwa ezinkulu wabo babhale inkondlo "Vasily Terkin". Umsebenzi ebhaliwe kulo seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, okungukuthi, kusukela ngo-1941 kuya ku-1945. Wanyathelisa kuyo izingcezu ezincane emaphephandabeni lempi, kanjalo nokuvusa salo ibutho laseSoviet.

Umsebenzi libhekene enembile, elula necacile isitayela, ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha izenzo. Ngamunye inkondlo isiqephu exhunywe nomunye ngendlela kuphela protagonist. Twardowski ngokwakhe wathi lokhu kwakubangelwa yokuthi yena nabafundi bakhe ingakulahlekela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ngakho indzaba ngayinye kufanele aqede kumagazini ofanayo ka iphephandaba, okuyinto uqaliwe.

Le ndaba wenza Twardowski lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa kumbhali ngesikhathi sempi siye saba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbongi waklonyeliswa umsebenzi Order besizukulwane seMpi Patriotic, 1 st kanye 2 nd degree.

umsebenzi Ngemva kwempi

Uqhubeka umsebenzi asebenzayo etemibhalo ngemva kwempi, u-Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. Biography imbongi is kwahambisana ngokubhala inkondlo entsha "Ukuze okude - ibanga" eyabhalwa esikhathini kusukela ngo-1950 kuya ku-1960.

Kusukela ngo-1967 kwaze 1969, umlobi abasebenza umsebenzi kwakhe ka "inkumbulo Human." Inkondlo utshela iqiniso mayelana nokuthi kwenzekani uyise Twardowski, owaba yisisulu collectivization futhi waboshwa. Lo msebenzi uye kungavunyelwe ukushicilelwa emalungelo ekucwaninga umfundi ngakwazi ukuhlangana wakhe kuphela ngo-1987. Ukubhala le nkondlo sina spoilt Twardowski elala lokuphikisana neziphathimandla zamaSoviet.

nakho Rich kanye biography prosaic Tvardovskogo Aleksandra Trifonovicha. Into ebaluleke kakhulu, yebo, kwalotshwa asesimweni senkondlo, kodwa yanyatheliswa anthologies eziningana temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba izindaba. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1947, wafika knika "Homeland futhi izwe", anikezelwe ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.

"INguqulo Yezwe Elisha"

Ungakhohlwa mayelana nomsebenzi lesibonwa somlobi. Iminyaka eminingi njengombonisi umhleli induna umagazini tetemibhalo "INguqulo Yezwe Elisha" Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. Biography of lesi sikhathi ugcwele zonke izinhlobo ukushayisana ne ukucwaninga olusemthethweni - ngakho une ukuvikela ilungelo lokushicilela ngoba abalobi abaningi abanamakhono. ngokuzimisela efanele Twardowski ezanyatheliswa umkhiqizo uSolzhenitsyn Zalygin, Akhmatova Troepol'skaya, Molsaeva, Bunin et al.

Kancane kancane, lo magazini waba kokuphikiswa okunzima ukuba umbuso wamaSoviet. Yayinyathelisa abalobi sixties kanye ukubonakaliswa obala anti-Stalin imicabango. Ukunqoba Langempela Twardowski kwaba imvume kushicilelwe indaba uSolzhenitsyn sika.

Nokho, ngemva ukususwa edition Khrushchev sika e- "Nguqulo Yezwe Elisha" waqala asicindezele eqinile. It Ngagcina ukuthi Twardowski waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye indawo ye Umhleli oyinhloko wephephandaba e-1970.

iminyaka Kugcine nokufa

Lokho luphela of biography. Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky, ogama ukufa yaphuma ngo-December 18, ngonyaka 1971, ebulawa umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Umlobi wafa edolobheni Red Pakhra, esemgwaqweni esifundeni Moscow. umzimba komlobi wembelwa Novodevichy emathuneni.

Aleksandr Tvardovsky wahlala ukuphila okucebile agqamile washiya etemibhalo ifa agromnoe. Abaningi imisebenzi yakhe elahlanganiswa lwezifundo zesikole, futhi ukuhlala ethandwa kuze kube yilolu suku.