Siyini isakhiwo phrojekthi? Isakhiwo senhlangano ye iphrojekthi. project yenhlangano ukuphathwa isakhiwo

Isakhiwo phrojekthi luyasetshenziswa ukuthola umphumela wokugcina ukutholwa, kanye usixhumanise ne edingekayo imithombo, izenzo, abasebenzi kanye nemishini. Isakhiwo kubuye kwenze izakhi ukuba engahlangene nje kuphela umkhiqizo noma imikhiqizo okuyinto kuphakama ngenxa yalokho, kodwa futhi ukuze ngokwabo nomunye. Ukwakhiwa yephrojekthi kumele iqale ngokuthi iqiniso lokuthi ekupheleni umsebenzi. Khona-ke kukhona ukuphazamiseka ezinkulu phezu emabhuloki eqhubeka ehlukana phakathi futhi sikhule isamba kuze kube nje ngeke kubhekwe mniningwane kakhulu edingekayo ekukhiqizeni. Le nqubo futhi lokufaka ekhatsi kusungulwa ukuxhumana mpo kodwa futhi ovundlile hhayi kuphela emkhatsini wetincenye teluhlaka, uma isenzo esinjalo kuyadingeka.

Siyini isakhiwo phrojekthi?

Imisebenzi noma iyiphi inkampani emhlabeni iqala ukuthuthukiswa uhlelo ezivamile senzo. Ngokwesibonelo, le nkampani ine oda nokulethwa pasta. ukuphathwa Manje, neminyango ezikhethekile, abahlaziyi kanye nabanye abanentshisekelo yenza iplani, futhi lokho isakhiwo yephrojekthi ukuthuthukiswa. Kulokhu, udinga ukucacisa lapho ukuze uthole izinto zokusetshenziswa nalapho isibambo bakhe esimweni oyifunayo. It has amabhlogo amabili. Ngamunye wabo angaba athuthukise. kungaba ngobugebengu Umbuzo izinto zokusetshenziswa zingahlukaniswa ngalezindlela sosesho, izitholele nezinto zokuya ukuhlolwa izinga. ngokucubungula izinto zokusetshenziswa, zona futhi ihlukaniswe. Kufanele ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi egumbini ukusebenzisa, lapho ukuthola imishini, ochwepheshe, ze ukuqala umjikelezo ukukhiqiza. Lona kuphela isibonelo silula, njengoba amayunithi okwengeziwe izohlukaniswa kuze kungekho imibuzo. Lena yindlela isakhiwo eyinhloko usizo phrojekthi ukuze athole imiphumela emihle ngaphakathi esikhathini esinikeziwe. Lapho umenzi ngamunye kanjalo uyokuqonda ngokunembile izindima zabo nezenzo, ukuqaphela lokho kwenziwa element ngayinye ethile nokuthi kufanele baphume kwagcina kusinde ukusebenza esiphezulu of ibhizinisi kuyofezwa.

isakhiwo ezinikezelwe

Kakhulu elula inhlangano isakhiwo design kuchaziwe ngenhla. Kodwa lokhu kumane nje kuyisiqalo loko. Kukhona into efana isakhiwo kweminyango, okubhekisele inqubo inhlangano iyonke kanye ngqo project ethize. Kukhona inkampani ethile lapho kukhona khona ukwehlukana esicacile imisebenzi, izici, imijikelezo ukukhiqizwa futhi ucinge abasebenzi. Kodwa ukuze wonke lamasu asebenze, ukuphathwa kumelwe ngiqale ngithole iphrojekthi efanelekayo, oyoletha inzuzo. Lokhu iphatha inkampani ezahlukene ngokuphelele, okuyinto has isakhiwo ayo. Lona uhlobo ozinikele yenhlangano. Ngokwesibonelo, inkampani iye yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo metal. Uhlelo ayesebenza khona, kodwa akucaci ukuthi kuyoba inzuzo ukuthengisa, futhi yini imikhiqizo ngeke ukulahlekelwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ke unokuqasha ezinye ucwaningo ngokuqinile ukuthi etadisha emakethe futhi inika izincomo zalo. Kususelwa kubo, wonke indlela yomsebenzi inkampani wokuqala siqala ukusebenza.

Uhlobo ezimbili

Lolu hlobo lwesibili, okungathatha isakhiwo project management. Linomqondo khona izinkampani ezimbili, ngayinye yaba wenza ingxenye yayo yomsebenzi. Ngemva kwalokho, lezi zinto axhunyiwe, futhi umphumela wokugcina. Kungokufanayo amaphrojekthi ngaphakathi enkampanini efanayo osebenza ngqo. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela izinkondlo, inkampani ukwenza ukudalwa imidlalo ye-computer. Omunye umnyango wakhe unesibopho ukudalwa ihluzo, kanti eyesibili - ukuze lwendaba. Kuphela uma kokubili izingxenye zilungele futhi axhunyiwe nomunye, kuzoba khona umkhiqizo osuphelile. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuye kwaba omunye umnyango omunye (noma inkampani) enikeza ukuxhumana phakathi izakhiwo ezahlukene kanye ukulawula imisebenzi yabo.

ukwenza lemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi kangaka

isakhiwo esinjalo libhekene okusalungiswa ngokushesha sebuningini neminyango (noma ibhizinisi), ngalinye elikwazi inemisebenzi umthwalo. On isibonelo computer game efanayo lonke uhlelo angase izobukeka ngale ndlela: kukhona incwadi yokuzisiza eye kuthathwe isinqumo esiqinile phezu isiqalo sendalo umkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukwahlukana eziningana, ngamunye kuwo Kumele unikeze ingxenye umkhiqizo ingqikithi. Kungenzeka-house ubuchwepheshe, ngenxa yalokho kuyadingeka ukuqasha usizo ngaphandle. Labo, esikhundleni salokho, ungawenza ngokwakho noma kubeke omunye umuntu. Lokho kuyisisekelo inkampani nje amabhlogo ezimbalwa noma iminyango. Zonke ezinye zonke ukwenza inhlangano third-party. Kodwa umphumela uzoba izisebenzi zale nkampani umzali.

isakhiwo obusebenzayo

Ngenhla watshelwa okwengeziwe inhlangano umsebenzi ibhizinisi, kuyilapho ukuphathwa phrojekthi zonke futhi unobuhlobo oqondile. Kodwa isakhiwo ukusebenza, okuyinto kanyekanye le obanzi kunayo futhi ethandwa, isivele zithinta ngqo iwukuba amaphrojekthi. Isimiso isiyonke emuva kwakhe ekhulwini lama-20, Maks Veber zavela. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, hhayi kuningi osekushintshile. Okunjalo isakhiwo senhlangano ye ukuphathwa amaphrojekthi zihlukaniswa yokwehlayo esiqinile ezibanikeza igunya elithile, ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla, nemisebenzi zomsebenzi. Ngezenzo isicelo izilinganiso zonke izenzo ezenziwe kanye nokudidiyela okunembile yonke inqubo. Akukho ubunikazi yokubopha yilungu labasebenzi nemisebenzi yayo, okwenza kube lula ukuba esikhundleni saso kungene omunye komunye. Izici Main omuhle walokhu isakhiwo zingenzeka ukushukuma lunye, ukunciphisa inani eliphelele imisebenzi futhi ukonga eside kwezinsiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona nemiphumela ethile engathandeki abalulekile. Ngakho, kukhona kwemihlambi iminyango ehlukene, inani izingxabano eqenjini, kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle jikelele lonke umjikelezo ukukhiqiza, futhi kancane kancane abe ukuxhumana more xaka phakathi kweminyango ovundlile, owawuthi noma kugwenywe. Empeleni, konke lokhu okwenzekayo ngenxa ukuntula ikhono abaphathi abaphezulu. Isakhiwo isisebenzi elula kudinga okungenani, kodwa evela kubaholi - esiphezulu. Babophekile basabela izakhi kancane futhi unikeze ukuxhumana kucacile kakhulu phakathi kwala maqembu nendawo wahlela.

abaxhumanisi

Njengoba Maks Veber kwaba isiJalimane, akumangalisi ukuthi banayo isimiso esinjalo kungaba isebenze kahle. Esimeni semakhaya ukuphazamiseka emaphakathi noma okunzima ukuphathwa kwabasebenzi in the amabhizinisi yasekhaya akudingeki yokuxhuma link. Empeleni, kuphindaphindeke umsebenzi wenye izinduna ngaphandle okuphatha amalungelo, kodwa sibe sinezinto amakhono olunzulu yokulawula. Ngenxa yalokho yephrojekthi umsebenzi ukuwohloka isakhiwo eseke umbono onjalo njengoba balamuli. Laba abantu ekhethekile (noma iminyango yonke) elawula budlelwane emkhatsini wetincenye bands ovundlile. Ekugcineni, lezi abaxhumanisi ukunikeza abaphathi abaphezulu umphumela wokugcina kanye netindvuna, umsebenzi okuyinto kuyehla nokudlulisela imiyalo nokuphathwa jikelele. Uma bezama ukungena ngqo iphrojekthi bese ukunikeza ukuxhumana phakathi kwemiyalo ngabanye, ngokuvamile isimo kuphela siya siba sibi kakhulu.

isakhiwo Matrix

Lona ifomu elilandelayo, okuyinto eyenzeka njengoba inani labalamuli. isakhiwo esinjalo yephrojekthi ibhizinisi libizwa matrix. Inkinga eyinhloko lapha itholakala ngokungenaphutha yokuthi abaxhumanisi efanayo ukuthola ukulawula okuningi asondele Shona imisebenzi yawo ngokupheleleko. Kunzima kakhulu ukuba ngokucacile ukuhlukanisa phakathi, okuyinto zingase zibonise ukuthi umholi, nokuthi - omunye. Ukuze kube lula, bahlukene zibe design kanye nabaholi sokusebenza. Eyokuqala ihlinzeka uhlelo ezivamile ukuxhumana phakathi kweminyango. Babophekile ngokucacile nangendlela eqondakalayo adlulisele kucabangela wonke umqondo, kanye ukuqonda izici of amayunithi umsebenzi. Kufanele zokuthola ukuxhumana phakathi abasebenzi ezahlukene futhi ababheke kwaneliswa nezifiso, izifiso kanye nezicelo. Futhi, laba babusi abangamaqaba banesibopho isiphi isimo esingalindelekile futhi ukungabi khona ingxabano. Abaphathi obusebenzayo, esikhundleni salokho, uqinisekise ukutholakala kwezinsiza edingekayo, ukhethe isikhathi nendawo yomsebenzi, banesibopho izinga imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa, kanye nokuhambisana nezidingo ezishiwo. Laba bantu kudingeka ukuba azivumelanise nezimo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-ezingezinhle kakhulu lo msebenzi. Sinenkosi ukuthola indlela yokuphuma izimo ezinzima futhi ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa imikhiqizo amangalelwe izinga ngesikhathi.

design hlobo

Lesi sakhiwo iphrojekthi esiwusizo ngokukhethekile labo izinhlobo izinkampani, konke ogama imisebenzi zibambene amaphrojekthi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Kulokhu, ngamunye wabo konke okudingeka ukwenza imisebenzi yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube neminye iminyango eminingana accounting, neminyango zezimali, amahhovisi design, nokunye kwephrojekthi ngalinye ngokuhlukile. Ezinye izindaba zika-amayunithi, ezingalotshwanga kufakwe kunoma yimaphi amaqembu ukuthi abahlinzeka ukwesekwa ezehlukile, nakuba umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. umnyango HR kungaba eyodwa futhi lisabela ezicelweni yonke iminyango. Enjalo, isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi iphrojekthi isakhiwo utshalomali. S umthwalo esingokwemvelo ngayinye yesisebenzi umphumela wokugcina, kuba control nezimo kakhulu futhi usongene nokuntuleka izenzo ngokucacile esichaziwe isisebenzi ngasinye. izakhiwo ezinjalo kusheshe kakhulu ukuthola kabusha, ukuphendula izimo engavamile futhi afeze imiyalo ku esikhathini esifishane.

Ukwahlukana nezici

Zonke yenhlangano nokwenganye isakhiwo zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu - futhi organisticheskie mechanistic. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka ihlinzeka uhlelo ukusebenza, futhi owesibili --matrix. Project ingena ngqo zombili izigaba, ngoba nezimo kakhulu. izakhiwo mechanistic iziphiwo zomusa ezahlukeneyo ecacile amandla mpo, ngokuqinile lokulawula imisebenzi nezenzo wezisebenzi, njalo njalo. Organisticheskie, kunalokho, ilula kakhulu, evumelana nezimo, futhi musa tikhombisa ngalokusobala izakhiwo isisebenzi ngasinye kanjani futhi yini okufanele uyenze. Bobabili ongakhetha banelilungelo khona. Eyokuqala kangcono imikhiqizo ukhonkolo. Ngokwesibonelo, imoto. Lapho zonke isisebenzi ngeke kuphela imisebenzi yakhe, akukho lutho oluyosichezukisa. Kodwa lapha ngaphezulu amaphrojekthi yokudala nenzuzo ukusebenzisa isakhiwo-matrix, njengoba ngezinye izikhathi kwakuba yiyona "angajwayelekile" ukuxhumana phakathi kwabasebenzi unika imiphumela emihle kakhulu ngesikhathi izindleko aphansi.

ekudalweni

Loluhlelo iphrojekthi kuyinkimbinkimbi isakhiwo umdvwebo, ngoba konke kuncike kuye okwalandela inqubo ukukhiqizwa. Kuyinto cishe engenakwenzeka ufake Izinjongo eqondile kokuqala ukuhlonza izenzo ezithile. Okokuqala ukhethe kakhulu ukuma isakhiwo. Kufanele ukufanisa izici nokuxhumana emkhatsini wonke amaqembu phrojekthi, ngezinhloso kwayo okuqukethwe, futhi asebenze ngempumelelo kohlaka imvelo ekhona zangaphandle. nokwenganye isakhiwo ngokuvamile wadala kanye isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuba uchithe isikhathi esiningi kuyo, kodwa ukuze uthole imiphumela eziphumelela kakhulu ukwedlula njalo kokulungiswa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Isiwombe sesibili - uhlelo eziningiliziwe isimo samanje. Ekupheleni uya methodical, yenhlangano, ulwazi kanye namanye amadokhumenti ewusizo for esigabeni ngasinye, umnyango, noma iqembu labasebenzi. Lihlanganisa abasebenzi, umsebenzi izincazelo, yokubakhona ochwepheshe nezidingo, kanye ukusetshenziswa kuphela ingxenye jikelele isabelomali phrojekthi.

Ukusatshalaliswa umthwalo izindawo

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isakhiwo senhlangano ye iphrojekthi kusekelwe wemfanelo zonke izigaba abasebenzi. Ngokunengqondo, ephakeme isithakazelo somuntu siqu yesisebenzi olulodwa, ephumelela kakhudlwana ngeke yonke le nqubo yokubethelwa. Kufanele yaziswe wonke amaqembu abantu yingxenye yale project, ukubaluleka izenzo kwenziwe yibo kanye nomthelela ku umphumela. Yiqiniso, ungakhohlwa mayelana umthwalo. Kuyadingeka ukuba uchaze ukuthi inhlekelele ngemiphumela engaba khona uma non-ukuhambisana umsebenzi imisebenzi yawo ngokupheleleko. Ungakwazi futhi ukuthi uhlele kokhelo for the operation lesifanele futhi izinhlawulo amaphutha. Konke lokhu okudingeka wonke umuntu azi, futhi yena ubophekile ukuba banikeze ulwazi ukuba kube lula futhi kufinyeleleke. Ngokwesibonelo, kwenye indawo kodwa khona incazelo umsebenzi ezingacacile ebhaliwe ukuthi uma Sidorov umakhenikha ngeke isebenze njengoba kufanele, ke ngeke bajeziswe. Lena ukungasebenzi kahle. Kufanele kube akahle ukuthi imininingwane eyodwa ukuthi ingabe kudingeka baqinisekise ukuthi imoto wahamba. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, le phrojekthi uzobe ebezidiliziwe, futhi inkampani kuzodlondlobalisa ukulahlekelwa $ 1 million. A iphutha kuyoba eyodwa kuphela. Kodwa uma umakhenikha uzokwenza into eyodwa ngaphezulu ngesikhathi esisodwa, uyakwamukeliswa ibhonasi sengxenye iholo. Zonke ecacile, kuyaqondakala futhi kufinyeleleke. isigwebo elishiwo kuyakhuthaza.

imininingwane Izici

Ezimweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa mechanistic umsebenzi project ukuwohloka isakhiwo, imininingwane esiphezulu nanoma yiluphi udaba oludingekayo. Kufanele siragele phambili Kuhlukanisa kuphinde izakhi nje ngeke kube khona izingxenye unreached. Kwezinye izimo, le nqubo singenzeka ngisho nalapho iphrojekthi uzoqala umsebenzi walo, njengoba nje ayithinti nekusebenta isiyonke imisebenzi. Kodwa kukhona izinhlangano lapho eqondile isinyathelo Umdwebo nemininingwane esiphezulu ungakwazi kuphela kuphazamise. Ngokuvamile lisho iqembu zokudala. Ngokwesibonelo, isimo ezichazwe ngenhla ukudalwa umdlalo computer. Uma ukunikeza umyalo ocacile kubo bonke abasebenzi, umkhiqizo titawusungulwa ngokushesha futhi izindleko sakugcina. Noma kunjalo, zizozitshwa imibono ezinkulu noma imibono ezinengqondo kuzo zonke abayingxenye yephrojekthi, okuyinto ayengakwenza zemidlalo Okuqukethwe akuzwakali ukwenza wobuciko uyakufanelekela ngokuwina.

yi

Sonke lesi sakhiwo yephrojekthi nakanjani ayicabangile ngakho kahle nangokucophelela kudingwa wamanje yokukhiqiza inqubo. Akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa izindinganiso iyunifomu izibonelo ngokuphelele zonke izinkampani ngaphandle kokukhetha. Ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele acabangele a lot of izici kanye ongakhetha ukuthi kungase kungabi sobala abasebenzi kakhulu ekuqaleni kokudaliweyo iphrojekthi, kodwa kungaba yingozi enkulu eduze iyophela nokuphela. Futhi into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uyikhumbule - umklamo phrojekthi hhayi isandla fixed isikimu. Kungaba futhi kumele athuthukiswe, elicwengiweyo futhi lujule. Kuphela ngale ndlela sizokwazi ukufeza kahle inani eliphakeme kunawo wonke inani eliphansi ngayo isikhathi nezinto zethu ngomzamo omncane.