Kuyini lava? zinhlobo lava

Umbuzo lokho udaka uye abanesifiso ososayensi abaningi isikhathi eside. Ukwakheka ketshezi, kanye injalo, isivinini ukunyakaza, izinga lokushisa kanye nezinye izici zaba isihloko eziningi izifundo, amaphepha ocwaningo. Lokhu zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi kwaba ukusakaza wakhe eqandisiwe cishe komthombo ulwazi mayelana nesimo se-ingaphakathi eMhlabeni.

umqondo jikelele

Ukuze uqale ukuba baqonde lokho okufundiswa lava ngomqondo zanamuhla? Ososayensi ukuyibiza akuleso isimo ezibunjiwe, elisesifundeni engxenyeni engenhla nesiphuku. Ngesikhathi emathunjini omhlaba we ketshezi kuyinto iyunifomu, kodwa ngokushesha lapho esondela ebusweni, abilayo iqala inqubo lapho kukhululwa igesi Bubbles. Bona ukuhambisa impahla red-hot bebheke ayangena emagxolweni. Kulokhu, lo akubona bonke liquid juba phezulu kwamanzi. Ukukhuluma ngalokho igama elithi "lava", kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lo mqondo sisebenza kuphela ku-athululeka ndaba.

basaltic lava

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu emhlabeni kuyinto lava basaltic. Iningi zonke izinqubo Geological ezenzeka Emhlabeni eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule, ephelezelwa nokuqhuma eminingi yalolu hlobo esikhipha impahla. Ngemva solidification yayo kumiswa okufanayo negama idwala abamnyama. Isigamu lava basalt Ukwakheka kuyinto alumina, magnesium, nensimbi kanye nezinye izinto ezimbiwa phansi. Ngenxa lokushisa yabo ncibilika ifinyelela emhlabeni 1200 degrees. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lava ukugeleza uhamba ngesivinini 2 amamitha ngomzuzwana, okuyinto efana ne indoda ukugijima. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ngesikhathi esizayo lo okuthiwa "bawahlala" they nyakazo isheshe. Basalt kusukela lava wentaba-mlilo akuhlukile kangako obukhulu. Ngulona logeleta kude ngempela (kufika ku amashumi amaningana ukusuka wentaba). Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lolu hlobo ejwayelekile ngoba izwe nangolwandle.

lava esidi

Esimweni lapho ukubunjwa ndaba has a 63% noma ngaphezulu Silica, ubizwa ngokuthi lava ene-asidi. impahla Mhlophe komlilo kuyinto viscous kakhulu futhi cishe abakwazi avuze. Izinga ukugeleza ngokuvamile akusho ngisho ukufinyelela ezingeni kwamamitha eziningana ngosuku. Kulokhu-ke izinga lokushisa we ketshezi ungaphakathi uhla kusuka degree angu-800 kuya ku-900. Nge Udambisa ezinjalo ngenxa engavamile kumiswa rocks (ignimbrites, isibonelo). Uma lava esidi kakhulu ayegcwele igesi, ke amathumba kuba ephathekayo. Ngemva ejection kusukela wentaba ngokushesha ageleza libuyiselwa okuholela ingaphakathi (mgodi). Umphumela Akukhona ukubukeka ilula - ultra-ekukhanyeni loyo izinto ukuminyana angaphansi kwamanzi.

lava carbonate

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi kule lava, ososayensi abaningi basalokhu bengakakwazi ukunquma isimiso wokufundisa yayo zinhlobo carbonate. Ukwakheka kwale nto kukhona potassium carbonates kanye sodium. It Kuqubuka intabamlilo eyodwa kuphela emhlabeni - Oldoinyo-Lengai, esemgwaqweni Northern Tanzania. lava carbonate kuyinto liquid abandayo yazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kakhulu. lokushisa salo cishe 510 degrees, futhi ihamba phezu nasemithambekeni ngezinga elifanayo njengoba amanzi. Ekuqaleni, indaba has a brown noma black umbala omnyama, kodwa ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa e ngaphandle kuba lula, futhi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa enza emhlophe.

okutholakele

Kufinyeta, saktsentirovat ukunakekela eqinisweni lokuthi lava ixhunyiwe omunye izinkinga ezimbi kakhulu umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Ihlala eqinisweni lokuthi izidakamizwa heats ingaphakathi eMhlabeni. Nokuqubuka ashisayo impahla kuphakame ebusweni whereupon it is elicibilikile ifomu mlilo. Impendulo isobala yombuzo lokho lava abakwazi ukunikeza ngisho nososayensi omhlaba anothile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungakwazi ngokuqiniseka ukuthi kuphela sekuvele ingxenyana encane inqubo yonke, yisandla okuyinto kufihlwe ajulile kakhulu.