Kuyini Cathedral eyinhloko YaseMoscow ezibiyele?

Moscow ezibiyele - abalulekile Ensemble yezakhiwo hhayi kuphela e-Russia kodwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Itholakala kwi loMfula eMoscow, enkabeni yenhloko-dolobha yaseRussia. Leli thempeli eyinhloko YaseMoscow ezibiyele Uspensky. Yilokho ngakho kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni sethu.

Assumption Cathedral - lombhishobhi esemqoka ye ezibiyele

Kunoma yiliphi izwe, uzama ukugcina ngokucophelela ezisithekileyo, kukhona okubalulekile zomlando namasiko. Abaningi babo usebenza namuhla. Kuyinto ayihlukile neze futhi kweNyuka Church - lombhishobhi eyinhloko YaseMoscow Kremlin.

Ngisho e 1326, yayakhiwe endaweni eMoscow isakhiwo sokuqala itshe lombhishobhi ngokubabazekayo. Ukwakhiwa kwenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa Metropolitan of St Peter ngemiyalo yezikhulu Prince Ioanna Kality. Kukhona inguqulo esikhundleni obeka isisekelo esontweni lokhuni kwaba ngaphambili.

Leli thempeli eyinhloko YaseMoscow ezibiyele - kuyini, futhi kubonakala sengathi namuhla? Kule - ku.

Bookmark futhi ukwakhiwa amathempelana

Leli thempeli eyinhloko YaseMoscow ezibiyele libizwa kweNyuka. Ukwakhiwa kwethempeli wakhonza njengephayona isenzakalo esibalulekile, ngoba eMoscow ezamenyezelwa idolobha throned. Ngokusho umlando kanye Umlando kwabefundisi kubonakala khona ukuthi Assumption Cathedral - iyona kwaqala eMoscow itshe isonto, okuyinto eyaba ethempelini eyinhloko Russia, kanjalo isinyathelo ngaphezu uVladimir Church.

Ngo 1327, ngesikhathi kuqala ukwakhiwa waphela, futhi sesonto laqala ukuqhuba izinkonzo, Metropolitan uPetru wamuka lelizwe elinesono, sahlala ezweni isakhiwo sethempeli ohlangothini lwasenyakatho. Kuyinto endaweni yokungcwaba eduze kwe-altare.

ukuhlelwa kabusha ithempeli

Ngakho, kweNyuka iSonto kwaba lombhishobhi eyinhloko YaseMoscow Kremlin. Engxenyeni kwekhulu xv yesibili, John V, isikhulu Russian, owagcina ngaphansi kolawulo konke ukubusa, waqala kabusha kweNyuka Cathedral, ngaleyo ndlela endlini entsha.

Ngu 1472, ukuhlaziywa ithempeli laphela. Ukuze ukwakhiwa, isakhiwo esisha omangalisayo ngaphezulu lombhishobhi bamenywa owaziwa ngesikhathi abaklami Myshkin futhi Krivtsov. Kodwa leli thempeli obekungaqondiwe ukuma isikhathi eside, futhi wavele wawa. Kuleli ukwakhiwa is hhayi kuqeda, nakuba icala elifanayo angakwazi uthinte kwamanye imicabango. Prince edonsela futhi azigcina okungcono wezakhiwo Italian Fioravanti Aristotle.

ukwakhiwa okusha eyathatha iminyaka emine, imidwebo esetshenziswa Vladimir Cathedral. Futhi kusukela 1479 omunye ezikhumbuzo enkulu ubuKristu lakhiwa endaweni eMoscow, okuyinto eyaba umhlobiso Kremlin. Yokwahlukaniselwa ithempeli, futhi empeleni lokhu inqubo kumelwe for izakhiwo ezinjalo, wahlanganyela entsha wedolobha - Gerontiy Moskovsky, bese inkumbulo saint wokuqala phinda amandla ethempelini kaPetru.

Kodwa ngisho nangemva kwalokho ibandla akayekiwe yedwa, futhi babeqhubeka befuna ekubhujisweni. Ngo 1812, lapho ngineminyaka engu-phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, leli sonto kahle beguduza ngu amasosha Napoleon. Kancane ke wakwazi ukuphinde uthole intshontshiwe emuva, nesiliva senziwa Iqhwa ukuthi ihlobisa iThempeli.

amathempelana isiphetho kule XIX-XX eminyaka

Leli thempeli eyinhloko YaseMoscow ezibiyele lesikhumbuzo elikhulu kunawo wonke bokwakha esikalini European. Nokho, isikhathi engawayekanga lesi sakhiwo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi Yaqala kancane iba yingxenye yomhlabathi.

Engxenyeni XIX yesibili - engxenyeni yokuqala ka-XX leminyaka waqala umsebenzi wokubuyisela. ochwepheshe Ngokuyinhloko waqala ukuvuselela izakhiwo endaweni altare, ukuze nemidwebo Kwatholakala, esukela emakhulwini eminyaka xv-XVI. Ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo kwenziwa amashumi eminyaka futhi laqedwa ngo-1906.

Ngo-1917, ngemva kwezenzakalo ezibuhlungu zangalolo we Okthoba Revolution, leli sonto yaphenduka Museum, okuyinto usezuze ngesimo Ensemble, okwakubekelwa libhekene ukulondolozwa ephelele wezangaphakathi. Ngaleso sikhathi, bonke yasezindongeni nezimpawu avuleka yomphakathi ukubuka. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, emsebenzini wokulungisa e kweNyuka Cathedral awazange umshado. Futhi ezindongeni zethempeli futhi kwakuzwakala izingoma, futhi inkonzo uqalisiwe ngo-1990.

Leli thempeli eyinhloko YaseMoscow ezibiyele izici ezakhiwo

Bakhangwa umakhi Italian yakhiqizwa ngokugcwele isithombe Vladimir Assumption Cathedral. Okungukuthi, isakhiwo kwaba isonto cross-oluyingungu, kodwa esikhundleni salokho, umakhi wenze izinguquko ezithile ukuthi kakhulu esihlukanisiwe prototype yayo. Okulandelanayo bathutheleka esontweni elikhulu zamatshe amhlophe futhi isakhiwo Monolithic. Bomlando echazwe ithempeli njengentelezi "ngetshe elilodwa" kusukela lapho ukuphila kwakhe kwakusengozini esontweni ngokubabazekayo.

Ithempeli lalisendaweni abaqhoshayo, onesizotha futhi ivulekile, nemengamo yalo kusekelwa izinsika round. Lesi sakhiwo sidalwe ivulekile ngakho, ukuthi kwakusengathi ihholo esigodlweni. Ngisho ngezindinganiso lanamuhla, kweNyuka Cathedral ezibiyele Square kubhekwa okwakha awusizo kakhulu futhi isitayela ngokubulawa - a yenkuthalo futhi kunzima. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isithombe lombhishobhi e Moscow ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XVII ezakhiwa cishe wonke amasonto yeRussia.

Incazelo ukubukeka kwangaphandle zezakhiwo

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lombhishobhi eyinhloko YaseMoscow ezibiyele - isakhiwo Monolithic, okuyinto ihlukaniswe imikiswe izinsika, amakholomu izikwele 12 usayizi alinganayo.

On ezindongeni bushelelezi elingaphandle lethempeli imele ibhande-arcature futhi ayibanzi amafasitela side. Leli thempeli eyinhloko YaseMoscow ezibiyele kuyinto emihlanu oluyingungu. Kusukela eningizimu kanye enyakatho Udonga lwangaphakathi lunesithombe sobumba lesi sakhiwo embozwe pylons.

Ingaphakathi Cathedral: imidwebo kanye yasezindongeni

Ukwakhiwa wezangaphakathi futhi wenza abaculi kakhulu isikhathi. Umsebenzi wona wawungemubi umane omangalisayo futhi obumangalisayo, futhi ngisho nanamuhla abanye babutha izingcezwana eziyizinsalela esendleleni isithiyo altare. On the eqoshiwe yasendulo, yangekhulu ngonyaka 1481, izindela, zizincishe injabulo okuvezwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it has a omkhulu zomlando ukubaluleka Umfanekiso "Abangamashumi Amane Martyrs of Sebaste" "Wokudumisa izazi" ezidumile eminye imisebenzi yobuciko esihle.

I kwaba imidwebo elandelayo bathole zihlehlela emuva eminyakeni 1513-1515. Uma ukhokha umbono isethi esontweni, ungabona isithombe esibhakabhakeni, kusekelwa izinsika ukubeka phezu kwabo ukholo. Le nhlanganisela ugcwele kufanekisa, ngoba njengoba izinsika ubambe egumbini, kanye 'ukholo silondoloze ukholo kuKristu.

Sakhiwo jikelele zabalingiswa kweNyuka Cathedral lwenzelwe ngokucophelela futhi eyakhelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithombe ezivelele kakhulu zokubhukuda ezisebusweni uqimba engezansi izindonga lombhishobhi amasonto Seven WamaSonto. Futhi, ngokwemfundiso yesiko, udonga entshonalanga lihlotshiswe laqanjwa "The Last Judgment."

Ekuphetheni ...

Leli thempeli eyinhloko YaseMoscow ezibiyele kuyinto kweNyuka - a ngokubabazekayo lesikhumbuzo ezakhiwo XIV-XV eminyaka. izivakashi eziningi futhi abahambi ithempeli abatelekile hhayi kuphela ngobungcweti bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo, kodwa futhi emangalisayo, Interiors esiyingqayizivele.