Unjiniyela Italian Aristotle Fioravanti: Biography

Umlando engineering yobuciko imibono ugcwele amagama abadumile, kodwa ezinye izinhlamvu ivelele futhi bafanelwe ekhasini elehlukile emlandweni.

Nokuzalwa nokukhula

Ngo-1415 yena wazalwa umakhi omkhulu u-Aristotle Fioravanti. Life kanye ukusebenza waqala Bologna. Lo mfana uvele umakhi elihlonishwayo umndeni, futhi indlela yakhe abangochwepheshe kuphela, kuye kwanqunywa kusengaphambili. Ebuntwaneni ngesikhathi bebumfishane: kusukela eminyakeni emi-5, umakhi esizayo wachitha isikhathi esiningi workshop futhi ngezinye zokwakha, ukulalela inkulumo yakhe uyise nabasebenzi kanye sizing up izinsimbi kanye nezindlela.

Isifundo nokuthuthukiswa mkhakha

Ngena mkhakha waqala Fioravanti ukusebenza ngiqeqeshwe ebhizinisini lomkhaya. Artel Fioravanti anomlando omuhle e Bologna, ezokhipha oda ekulu futhi ohlonishwa. Omunye umkhulu wezakhiwo wathola oda enkulu kangaka njengoba isandiso esigodlweni lasendulo Akkursio e Bologna, nobaba wakhe bakha Palazzo Comunale, walimala kanzima umlilo. Umfana wakhula kulezi zakhiwo futhi wafunda amakhono abaningi nokwazi. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-15 eneminyaka engu-onjiniyela kakade ngokugcwele futhi abakhi. Imibhalo ibonisa ukuthi ngo-1436 i-Fioravanti abasha iqhaza ekubunjweni izinsimbi ukuze Palace del Podesta, inqubo okuyinto ngalezo zinsuku wawudinga ikhono.

abe inkosi

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-25 u-Aristotle yingcweti konke ukuhlakanipha mkhakha futhi ngenkuthalo waqhubeka esebenza ebhizinisini lomkhaya. Lapho uyise eshona Fioravanti okubalulekile ezandleni zabo siqu wabamba umfowabo, futhi iqhawe kwalesi sihloko yilungu eligcwele le co-op.

Lo njiniyela omncane wayephethe ukuthuthukisa, kanye lizele ukuhlela elizimele, waya eRoma. Enhloko-dolobha, u-Aristotle kuyo bese besebenza njengeqembu, ukuthutha bese ufake ikholomu ethempelini Minerva. Wayengene shí amaphrojekthi ezinkulu kuyinto wobunjiniyela. Kukhona okufundile ukuhambisa izinto omkhulu, futhi wamenza ukucabanga kabanzi asebenzayo lobuchwepheshe.

iminyaka zabasebenzi: Aristotle Fioravanti - unjiniyela Italian

Ngo-1453 umakhi luthela wabuyela Bologna ukufeza iziyalezo ezivela emphakathini wendawo obhekene - Uyabahola kuphakame umbhoshongo insimbi. Ngalesi umsebenzi, unjiniyela icabangisise ngcono zobunjiniyela nobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kuye kwabangela ngowokuqala Lodumo Fioravanti unjiniyela.

Ngo 1455, u-Aristotle wabonisa izwe sobunjiniyela: wakwazi ukuhambisa umbhoshongo insimbi yesonto Santa uMariya Madzhore kuyinto 13 amamitha. Ngenxa yalesi wasebenzisa indlela eyasungulwa sakhe futhi wakwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi namuhla akulula.

Umbhoshongo esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe yezinyoni ekhethekile sokhuni, okuyinto usindisa ukwakhiwa kusukela tipping phezu. Engineer isicelo eyingqayizivele ngesikhathi isimiso ukusatshalaliswa amandla okusalungiswa a amasango ambalwa.

Slava Fioravanti zasakazekela kulo lonke Italy, futhi manje unjiniyela wamenywa ukwenza oda eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngaphezu eyaziwa ukuletha imali enhle. Ngakho, wahlala waqonda ngempumelelo nombhoshongo ophakeme e Cento futhi isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi e-Venice. Nokho, umbhoshongo insimbi uqulekile izinsuku 2 emva inqubo, futhi zonke kunifundisile Fioravanti uhlole ngokucophelela enhlabathini, ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi.

Kusukela 1456 Fioravanti uqala ahileleke kakhulu oda yezakhiwo. Isebenza kwezakhiwo ezindala e Bologna, ukulungiswa nomsele futhi yenza ezihlukahlukene oda omphakathi ezisemadolobheni. imisebenzi yenkosi musa kungaqashelwa, udumo lwakhe lukhula kuphela, futhi 1458 wamenywa ukuba Milan ukukhonza esigodlweni Duke, lapho u-Aristotle wasebenza iminyaka engaba ngu-6.

Kamuva, umakhi wabuyela Bologna futhi yenza ezihlukahlukene oda, kuhlanganise amabhuloho, imibhoshongo, izigodlo wakha futhi ibuyiselwe. Kusukela ngo-1464 bathi wayeyingane efana nezinye unjiniyela nomuzi Bologna kulesi sikhundla kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le isigodi ukuyidlulisa master ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene emizini Italy, kanye e-Hungary neRussia.

Aristotle Fioravanti eyakhelwe izakhiwo abambalwa besifazane isikhathi yayo. ukukhuthala kwakhe Yakhiwa kunomsele edolobheni Cento, ukuvuselelwa Palazzo del Podesta, kodwa inkazimulo master ngaleso sikhathi savala amaphrojekthi ubunjiniyela, njengoba baziwa izwe izakhiwo kwaba eziseza.

izikhathi ezinzima-Aristotle Fioravanti

Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, u-Aristotle Fioravanti sibhekene namaqhinga izimbangi nomona. Ngenxa yalokhu, le ndoda kwakudingeka ngokuphindaphindiwe inkululeko yokushintsha indawo yokuhlala kanye nomsebenzi. Lisho esiphawulekayo isiphetho kwaba umakhi icala ukwakhiwa yomgunyathi, kwenzeka ngo-1473. Master cishe ngokuyisimangaliso lakwazi ukugwema sijeziso esinzima, kodwa wayephelelwe ithemba lokuthola ukubhuka eRoma. Aristotle Fioravanti wabuyela Bologna, lapho esalindile, kodwa oda wangaphambilini ezinkulu kungukuthi wathola, nenhlalakahle yabakhulekeli yayo kancane zazamazama.

Russian ukumamatheka inhlanhla

ERussia, Tsar Ivan Iii ngalesi sikhathi waqala esakhiweni grand: ku ezibiyele, kwanqunywa ukuba kwakhiwe Cathedral emikhulu, efanekisela namandla we igunya lasebukhosini. Kodwa kugadla inhlekelele - udonga ziwile, Italy ithunyelwe ku inxusa ngemiyalelo ukuletha umakhi ehloniphekile.

Amalotha Tolbuzin wahlangana Aristotle Fioravanti futhi wakwazi yokumbonisa ukuya ezweni elingaziwa ezikude. Ngakho ngo-1475, yaqala inkathi segolide empilweni umakhi sika.

Ukufika e Moscow, umakhi, ukulandela imithetho yayo, ahlolisisa phansi futhi izinto kusukela eyakha ngaphambili. Ngakho wafika esiphethweni sokuthi kubalulekile ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezimbili. Okokuqala, ilungelo ahlele ukukhiqizwa izitini eqinile. Eyesibili ukwakha isisekelo sijule kakhulu okuqinile emhlabathini Borovitsky amagquma yavubukulwa izikhathi eziningana futhi ayikwazanga ukumelana isisindo isakhiwo esikhulu.

Futhi umsebenzi waqala, engakaze yenziwe Russia: ekudalweni ube nemigodi ngemigodi ezijulile futhi ukufakwa yinqwaba samapulangwe esingamamitha, okuyinto akuzange kwamukelwe bokwakha Russian. Futhi unjiniyela wavula umkhiqizo wokwakha izitini, okuyinto eminyakeni eminingi kamuva enikeziwe inhloko-dolobha zokwakha zeqophelo eliphezulu.

Iphuzu zokuphila: Aristotle Fioravanti eyakhelwe Cathedral of kweNyuka

Assumption Cathedral - yisibonelo high umcabango yezakhiwo ke organically ihlanganisa isiko kanye emisha wamavukelambuso. It waba yisibonelo ibandla kweNyuka Cathedral uVladimir, kodwa Fioravanti wasithengisa eziningi Russia wamavukelambuso ngesikhathi imibono.

Umakhi benza okuningi ojikelezayo ezweni lonke kanye waqonda amasiko bokwakha Russian lasendulo. Lezi ejwayelekile izindlela wizadi isebenzisa ekuklanyweni sangaphandle ethempelini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo emisha wezakhiwo wamvumela ukwakha lombhishobhi libanzi futhi egqamile.

Umakhi uthethe eziningana izixazululo ezithakazelisayo ukudala isithombe sangaphakathi kwethempeli. Yena abolishes le emakhorasi ajwayelekile futhi isebenzisa izingongolo atypical ezigobile njengezinto zokuthutha, inike endaweni ehlukile ngoba Royals. Master wafuna ukudala lombhishobhi ukuthi siyobonisa zonke okwakhe isiko Russian, kodwa futhi wayefuna nokudlulisela ihlanganise ukwakhiwa izitayela yesimanje kakhulu ukubukeka kwesakhiwo.

Futhi ukuphela kwakhe akagcinanga obunobunye - a isiRashiya, kanti ngesikhathi esifanayo, le Renaissance - ukubukeka ethempelini, kodwa futhi wacabanga ngokusebenzisa sonke isikhala angomakhelwane, ukubeka isisekelo lokho manje ukuzigqaja kwabantu Russian - Cathedral Square.

Ukuhlela ukwakheka Ivan III ebuzwa ukumema abafundi wase-Italy, ukuthi ihlanganise umqondo yokudalwa kwendawo Ensemble yezakhiwo Kremlin. Ngakho, i-Russia ithole uphawu yayo futhi isibonelo sokuba mbumbulu yezakhiwo. Leli sonto lakhiwa ngesikhathi irekhodi, futhi 1479 lidlule yokwahlukaniselwa isonto. Futhi umakhi waklonyeliswa umklomelo nodumo, kodwa waba badedelwa ezweni lawo, njengoba inkosi izinhlelo zakhe for it.

Iminyaka Ukuhlonishwa nenkazimulo

Kakade lapho kwakhiwa kweNyuka Cathedral, u-Aristotle Fioravanti, wezakhiwo, ayikwazanga ukhohlwe imikhuba yakhe zobunjiniyela. Ubasa ukukhiqizwa inganono, lifundisa amakhosi Russian kanye ezempi wamisa inhloko wezikhali waseRussia. It is waziphatha nasekuqiniseni Russian ukuwela imifula, ngokwakha ibhuloho pontoon yonkana Volkhov. Eminyakeni embalwa Master lisiphathele ushushiso imisebenzi, okuyinto ngesandla esivulekile wakhokha Tsar Russian.

Nokho, inkosi wayefuna ukuya ekhaya futhi ukucela enkosini emuva ekhaya, kodwa ngisho ukuzwa ngako engafuni. I ISIKHATHI sokugcina okukhulunywa ngaso Fioravanti encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla basikisele ukuba izikhandle eyayihilelekile umkhankaso wokulwa Tver, okwaphela nge ekunqobeni izingalo Russian.

Effect Aristotle Fioravanti izakhiwo ngesiRashiya

Assumption Cathedral lamukelwa ngomdlandla abakhi isiRashiya, nokunye lonke elaseRussia kwaqala ukuvela izindawo, ngandlela-thile iphindwa isitayela wezakhiwo Italy. Fioravanti, engazi, wabeka izisekelo esikoleni Russian kazwelonke bokwakha, okuyinto ngokuvumelanayo ihlanganisa isiko lasendulo bokwakha Russian ne eseyintsha Italian Renaissance.

imisebenzi elingaziwa Aristotle Fioravanti

Izazi-mlando zasendulo kuze kube manje uzama ukuthola izakhiwo ukuthi basuke bazakha Fioravanti eRussia. Kukhona umbono ukuthi umklami ukwakhiwa kweNyuka Cathedral uhambo ezweni lonkana futhi wathatha ingxenye ekwakhiweni eziningi amathempeli. Abanye abacwaningi baye isibaluli kuye zabhalwa St Nicholas Cathedral kanye lezindela eSt Anthony Krasnokholmsky Cheremenetsky uJohane Isazi Monastery. Kukhona umbono, kodwa akukho bufakazi sangempela salokhu inkolelo-mbono akulona. Futhi ngokusemthethweni Aristotle Fioravanti eyakhelwe eRussia ingenye amasonto amahle kakhulu - Assumption Cathedral Kremlin.

Ukuphela indaba

Akwaziwa kahle lapho efa, u-Aristotle Fioravanti, ngesikhathi ukuphila wezakhiwo kunqunywa cishe kuphela. Eminyakeni yamuva usehlale wachitha eRussia, kodwa kulokhu cishe ayinazo ubufakazi. Nokho usuku eseduze sokufa - e 1486 - kubonisa ukuthi umklami wasephila eside ngokwanele ngalezo zinsuku ukuphila (iminyaka engu-71 - lokhu kakhulu ukuguga kuya ekhulwini le-15).

Life umdali wayegcwele ngezilingo, okwatholwa impumelelo. lombhishobhi Ezinhle, ezakhiwe Aristotle Fioravanti, isithombe sikhombisa kuyo yonke inkazimulo yayo. Igama Iseluleki phakade olotshwe umlando ezweni futhi ikakhulukazi izakhiwo Russian.

Engineer and umklami Aristotle Fioravanti, portrait zomlando ukuthi has a lot of amabala amhlophe, kuyinto Innovator neyaziwayo esikoleni Russian yezakhiwo. Ithonya lakhe umfanekiso Russia ayikwazi babenesibindi esikhulu. Ukuze izwe lethu, kuba umakhi obaluleke ngokukhethekile, ngoba kwakheka Ensemble isimo eyinhloko eyinkimbinkimbi futhi lakha Assumption Cathedral Kremlin.

Aristotle Fioravanti, izithombe izakhiwo namuhla zingatholakala ku-albhamu yonke isihambi eMoscow, kwaba ifa Russian ngempela. Yena wayengumbulali Renaissance indoda kweqiniso: lokudala, efundile, sifisa ubuhle nobukhulu attained. ukuphila kwakhe - isampula uthando lomsebenzi wakhe yayizimisele ngomzuzu wokugcina.