Mpendulo njengoba isayensi. Ubuciko lokukholisa

Mpendulo njengoba isayensi - ke isiyalo philological ukuthi etadisha nekhono lokukhuluma futhi kunikeza umbono walokho ukuhlobana kanye nokufaneleka amagama. Mpendulo ukhiqiza igama umuzwa, eba ukunambitheka kanye nomphakathi ngokusebenzisa izincwadi lisibeka ngendlela yokucabanga.

Mpendulo njengoba ubugagu isayensi imfundiso lekufundzisa. Isikhulumi ezisusela olimini lwesiLatin kusho "buza" futhi ubugagu - a isiyalo study ukudluliswa kanye nombono yokukhuluma futhi inikeza ukuqonda ukwakhiwa lesifanele yokukhuluma kanye nombhalo, bakwazi ukuheha nezilaleli futhi ungavumeli ukunakwa wakhe. Ngakho, izici lulwimi lolukhulunywako izinkulumo zomphakathi makuqoqwe mpendulo futhi Poetics, ilokho icele njalo isilaleli ngokuqiniseka kusho yokukhuluma yokukhuluma nokunyakaza komzimba. Ezemfundo ubugagu ukhiqiza okunengqondo, ngokwengqondo, ngokolimi kanye namanye amakhono. Basuke okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono mphendvulo, ukuthi kuwo ikhono nokuzimisela ukuxhumana kahle kakhulu. Kuwo wonke umlando mpendulo njengoba isayensi kuyehla kube kokuhlukanisa ukuthi iyini qualitative, futhi yini - akukho. Kule ndaba, simisa imigqa emibili, okuyinto ezibhekwa ezinkulu.

Eyokuqala - lisuselwa sazi lasendulo isiGreki sefilosofi u-Aristotle. Yena ayeyazi mpendulo kanye logic ndawonye futhi wayekholelwa ukuthi okuhle, okwakuwuphawu ekholekayo ngempumelelo. Ukuphumelela, wamxosha ukuze ikhono kokunqotshwa kwemvume, uzwela kanye uzwela izilaleli. Asebenza kahle kanjani ukuze enze izilaleli ukwenza. Ngakho, u-Aristotle mpendulo babelwe into indima, elikwaziyo ukukhetha kungenzeka izindlela izinkolelo ngokuphathelene into eyodwa.

Umuntu owasungula le isiqondiso wesibili mpendulo kwaba abadumile eyiqaphuqaphu Athene lasendulo Isocrates. Njengoba abalandeli bakhe, naye wayekholelwa ukuthi kuhle umbuzo owodwa, okuyinto lihlotshiswe slovooborotami aluhlaza futhi kusekelwe aesthetics yokukhuluma. Nangokuthonya inkulumo kwakungelona ingxenye main futhi wayengeyena umbandela kuphela ukuze zihlolwe. isiqondiso Aristotle ibizwa ngokuthi "okunengqondo" futhi Isocrates ngokuthi "etemibhalo."

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla, le mpendulo wesayensi usinika amathuluzi lapho kutadishwa ubugagu. Futhi iyini ubugagu namuhla? Leli khono ukuze akholise e inkulumo emphakathini, inhlanganisela nobuciko, ekukhulumeni kanye psychology.

Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ikhono lokukhuluma kahle kuvamile ezimweni eziningi ezilula. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube nesimo lapho umuntu oyedwa ingozi, kanti omunye oye wakuphawula lokhu ngaphambili, amemeza othuka uxwayisa. Esinye isibonelo inqubo yokuhweba, lapho umdayisi linikezela yakhe, baqinisekisa umthengi ukuthi umkhiqizo kuhle, kanti umthengi, uthenga ekukholweni. Ukuze obucacile ezimweni zokuphila, baqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile liyadingeka, njengoba ngaphansi kwethonya amazwi imizwelo kanye uhlobo isethulo sabo zingezwa bona.

Kukhona ngezinye izikhathi izimo lapho kuyadingeka ikakhulukazi ukukhuluma ngokucacile futhi kamnandi, futhi ikhono ukwenza lokhu akwanele. Kukhona ngeke mpendulo, lapho ungase ukwazi podcherpnut kanye konke okudingayo. Ikhono lokukwazi ukulawula imizwa, ukuze kahle ukukhetha amagama ukukholisa bese ugcine amehlo izilaleli bafundiswa ezikoleni ezikhethekile noma ukuqeqeshwa. Ngaphandle amakhono ukwakha inkulumo yakho ngokunengqondo nangokomzwelo kungenzeki ukuba liqondwe futhi kwesatshwa futhi amahloni kungenzeka isithiyo ngokunikeza izinkulumo zeningi. Uhlelo ukuqeqeshwa ngokuvamile uhlanganisa nesitatimende umoya, izwi, silulumagama, izisekelo wokwenza, imithetho mayelana nokuziphatha kwezamabhizinisi, Psychology. Lwati lolutfolakele sesisonke futhi unike ikhono lokukhuluma kahle futhi ngendlela ekholisayo. Futhi izwi bekulokhu ithuluzi main ekufezeni umgomo.