Umqondo yokukhuluma, nenqubo kanye izimfanelo inkhulumo lenhle. Ikhwalithi eyinhloko inkhulumo lenhle

Isiko yokukhuluma kuyisiyalo esiyisa ahlukene yezilimi. Inhloso Its main ibonakala buthelela ulwazi oluthe xaxa kanye nekhono sizisebenzise ngendlela efanele. It - ukuba uthole ukuthi iyini imvelo yomuntu, ngisho nasemphakathini wonkana. Izimfanelo yokukhuluma kahle ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Zibonisa indlela isitayela zokuxhumana esifanelana isimo. Kufanele kube yimpumelelo ngoba nguye oshoyo, futhi noma ubani sibhekiswe. Lesi simiso esiyinhloko esichaza inkhulumo lenhle futhi izinga layo.

inkulumo

Inkulumo - kuyindlela esingahlakulela ngayo ukuxhuma imisindo ngomuzwa ezithile, kanye lowo muntu ukuveza okusengqondweni yakhe, imizwa nemizwelo.

Abantu bamba inkulumo kusukela ebuntwaneni. Ekuphileni kwalo konke, bona ugaye, ngcono ithuluzi yokukhuluma.

Uma uhlangabezana zonke izindinganiso yesimanje tetemibhalo, kungashiwo ngokuthi lesifanele. Uma kungekho alien amamodeli etemibhalo izinkulumo kanye izakhiwo, ngezimpawu ezinjalo ezazisetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni libizwa okumsulwa.

Kuyinto ecebile uma isetshenziswa temasu ekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi kanye namasu. Kuba elikhanyayo. Kungase kube ngumuntu okwaziyo okunengqondo noma eqondile isitayela othize, lapho izilaleli ubukele.

Kodwa uma leli thuluzi yokuzibeka atholakale abalaleli, kuyaqondakala. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukutshela abafundi ethintekile. Ikhwalithi eyinhloko amanga ezinhle nokukhulunywa sezingeni nethonya layo kumuntu.

kwezinto

I izici eziyinhloko futhi izimfanelo yokukhuluma kahle ngakho ayilula kangako. Ngemcondvo wemasiko yokukhuluma kanye izinga yayo iyahluka ngisho nabantu abafanayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, akufanele siluthathe kahle lapho yisikhathi.

Standard yokukhuluma ezinhle kuyehluka ngokwendawo nangokwenhlalo. Isizukulwane ngasinye has imithetho yayo siqu, izimfanelo eziyisisekelo inkhulumo lenhle.

Futhi, awukwazi ukukhetha izinga elifanayo lokho kumele babe okuhle komlomo, okubhalwa phansi, Monologue kanye nokuxoxisana isitayela.

Ukuhlolwa izinga ezinhle izwi ngisho ngolimi ethize Russian ekhiqizwa kusukela isikhundla ifomu, isitayela kanye nokusebenza, izimo ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe.

Isiko yokukhuluma

Isiko yokukhuluma kusho inhlangano amathuluzi ulimi namasu, okuyinto kuhambisana zonke amazinga emakhonweni ezimweni ezithile ukudala umthelela esiphezulu ekufezeni umsebenzi walo.

Isiko yokukhuluma kusho imithetho ubunikazi nokulotshwa takhi telulwimi. Bobabili amafomu etemlomo nalabhalwako.

Ikhono sithathe futhi kahle ukuhlela izindlela yokukhuluma sihlanganisa umqondo wegama elithi "isiko yokukhuluma." Izimfanelo inkhulumo lenhle uvunyelwe esimweni esithile ukufeza umsebenzi obekwe phambi zokuxhumana.

Isiko yokukhuluma sihlanganisa zokunamathela nenhlonipho yokuxhumana. Nemiqondo eyisisekelo kule ndaba yilaba ulimi tetemibhalo, imithetho yayo, isitayela kanye nezinga izinhlobo kanye namafomu yokukhuluma.

lesifanele imfanelo yokukhuluma

Ukukhulumisana okuhle phakathi izinga abe izici inkulumo mass. Ukuthi lolusuku isisekelo izimpawu ezinjalo inkhulumo lenhle, njengoba nengcebo, ubumsulwa, ukungaguquguquki, ukunemba, ukuzwakala, ukuhlobana, euphony. Lena uhlu olufushane. Ithola izinga inkhulumo lenhle. Kunjalo - yezimfuneko zokuhlola main.

Lungile ihambisana nemithetho ekhona kolimi, ezifana pronunciation, ulwazimagama nendlela, morphology,-syntax.

ingcebo inkulumo ebizwa ngokuthi ukuba khona kuyo izindlela ezihlukahlukene zolimi. ebumsulweni nasebunyeni ukungabi amazwi nalangesiwo etemibhalo.

Ukunemba njengoba ingxenye ngokunemba inkulumo okufanele Ucondzanisa emagama kanye namagugu abo yangempela.

Ukungaguquguquki esasivumele ukuba sinikeze inkulumo intelligibility. Kufanele athobele imithetho logic, akumelwe aphanjaniswe.

Imiva liletha imizwa, nokucacisa - nokuqonda okwanele ukuthi kuthiweni. Ukwenza Izinto Zibe Lula kuzovumela ukuxhumana ngokwemvelo futhi kuyafaneleka ukuxhumana imisebenzi ehlukene ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe.

Ikhwalithi inkhulumo lenhle chaza kafushane ngokuhlela zonke lezi zici.

emakhonweni

Njalo ibhekisela isakhiwo okungezona izwi. Lezi zixhumanisi odinga ukukwazi ukuqonda izimfanelo zayo. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko lihlobene ulimi. Lena akuyona indlela efanayo. It is eyakhelwe ngolimi kanye emithethweni yalo. Emayunithi elulwimi bayahamba ukucacisa isakhiwo futhi yakha kulo.

izimfanelo Luchumano inkulumo ezinhle ubuhlobo baso ukucabanga. kwakhiwa mqondo futhi ikhonjiswe kahle inkulumo. Lokhu kunikeza ukungaguquguquki zokuxhumana, ukunemba. It kulingana nge ukwazi. Kuyasiza ukubona ukuthi yini emenza asho akushoyo (izithombe, bayaxoxa, ukuhlobana).

Iphinde uhambelana ngokoqobo. Phela, ukukhulumisana uchaza izinto, izenzakalo futhi izenzakalo. Njengoba sihlobana ekhelini. umbhali inkulumo ngokuvamile kwenza kube umuntu. Kufanele wenze communication kuyaqondakala izilaleli.

Lihlobene izimo yokuxhumana. Kuzoba ezifanele ezimweni ezithile, kodwa hhayi abanye. Lokhu isici nakho kufeza indima ebalulekile ukuqonda nenqubo kanye izimfanelo inkhulumo lenhle.

kwesokudla

Ikhwalithi main ngenkambo enhle, yezobuchwepheshe, wezomthetho, wezokwelapha, inkulumo, nezinye izitayela ukuthi ilungile. Kungaba aktsentologicheskoy, semantic, esisemthethweni, sitayela nokunye. D. Kuthathwa ku isici orthoepy futhi bheke.

ngokunemba lucebe kuvimbela frills ezingadingekile inkulumo noma lomkhakha. Morphologically okubekwe ngayo ilungile kunqunywa imitsetfo yeluhlelo. Syntax icacisa umqondo lesifanele.

Kwesitayela akhawunti kahle futhi ekhetha zinkulumo, amagama nemisindo, okuyizinto sici for ukuxhumana ethile. Ngokwesibonelo, izinga yini umbuzo omuhle lowo zomthetho akuyona isitayela lobuchwepheshe okufanayo.

uhlobo abayizicukuthwane yokukhuluma

izinga izwi kufanele kubhekwe futhi ngokombono typology yayo. zinhlobo Elite kuyinto eziseduze etemibhalo kwezinkambiso nezimiso zokuziphatha yokuxhumana.

Abathwali enjalo isitayela zokuxhumana inkulumo kulula ukuyisebenzisa kahle kuyokwandisa ulwazi lwakho. UJehova mkhulu ngenxa ubunikazi kwamasiko, tetemibhalo, amagugu yesayensi lwesintu. Ukusekelwa lesi sitayela yokuxhumana ngokusebenzisa ulwazi lwabo kunesithembiso silulumagama enkulu yokwenziwa kanye asebenzayo.

Umnikazi uhlobo elite zokuxhumana unekhono ukucabanga, okuyinto ibangelwa ngenxa ububanzi kwemasiko e, imibhalo jikelele ayisisekelo. Kuyinto kubo umuntu owayeyisazi ngenkulumo yakhe.

Abezindaba elite uhlobo zokuxhumana njalo unezela ukuthi izinga layo ezinhle inkulumo ngolimi Russian ngesisekelo imibhalo ogunyaziwe, hhayi kusukela amaphephandaba kanye ithelevishini.

uhlobo Sredneliteraturny

Abathwali sredneliteraturnogo uhlobo zokuxhumana kuyinto iningi abakhileyo ezweni lakithi. Lawa nabantu baye bathola imfundo ephakeme noma lesibili. ukuxhumana okunjalo samuntu lula isiko.

Isici esiphawulekayo lolu hlobo lwenkulumo ukwaneliseka siqu abanikazi ulwazi yayo, zokungazimiseli ngcono zabo namasiko inkulumo noma kokuhlola imithombo ukusuka ulwazi iza.

Ikhwalithi eyinhloko okuhle inkulumo yenethiwekhi sredneliteraturnogo uhlobo zokuxhumana lalifundwa ezikoleni bese ukhohliwe, akubi ngcono bebodwa. Lokhu kuholela uhlelo amaphutha inkulumo. Ngezinye izikhathi laba bantu ziyiqiniso ngempela baqinisile, ukuthi bakulungele ngisho noma babevikela embonweni wakhe imithetho inkulumo, okuyizinto ngokuvamile ezahlukene kusukela ejwayelekile yamukelwe. Endabeni best, kumazwana iphutha sredneliteraturnogo abezindaba uhlobo zokuxhumana engakhokhi ukuliqaphela, futhi okubi kakhulu ukwamukela ukugxekwa ngobudlova.

Imininingwane Basic abantu abanjalo athole izitatimende amaphephandaba, omagazini ethandwa, emsakazweni noma kuthelevishini. Lolu lwazi ubonakala ayisisekelo, zingabantu alinganayo.

Kuyinto ongahluziwe uhlobo abayizicukuthwane lapho nenqubo kanye izimfanelo inkhulumo lenhle ihlonishwe, kodwa hhayi ngokuphelele.

uhlobo Spoken

uhlobo Spoken yokuxhumana njengoba zenyathi ahlukene basungula ngo-90s kwekhulu elidlule. It ihlukaniswe yaba etemibhalo eyayivame futhi ajwayelekile, indlela levamile.

Ukusekelwa lesi sitayela yokuxhumana ithobela ngendlela esangxoxo yokuxhumana kunoma iyiphi imvelo, ngisho olusemthethweni. Basuke izimpawu ukwehla inkulumo ngokwezinga elikhulu noma elincane.

Ngesitayela etemibhalo eyayivame evelele yokuxhumana ku "wena", futhi ajwayelekile, okuxoxa ungeze ayebatshele zona iluhlaza.

Abathwali ngendlela ezinjalo ezazisetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni basuke bengazi ukuthi izimfanelo kumele babe inkhulumo lenhle. Babesebenzisa ukukhuluma ezingeni ukuthi ebonwe zonke eziyizungezile. Ukuthola uye endaweni entsha ngabo, abantu abanjalo Awukwazi ukushintsha indlela ukusho lokho abakucabangayo. Phela amanye ukuziphatha bamane ungapheli.

Eziningi zalezi izitayela ihambisa ithelevishini, ukumema ukuba inkulumo show yakhe abantu abakhetha isitayela olukhulunywa yokuxhumana.

Lupelomagama-syntax imithetho

Kukholakala ukuthi amaphutha esipelingi kuzo zombili ihlolwe futhi amazwi angathikhiwe kufanele aphathwe ngesihluku obuhlukahlukene. Kwezinye izimo, kuzuzisa ngokwengeziwe ukushintsha umthetho.

Futhi kubonakala kusukela isikhundla amaphutha amabi iziqu zakhe. Kukhona imithetho evumela ezinye ukuphambuka.

Abezindaba elite uhlobo zokuxhumana cishe ungavumeli isipelingi -syntax amaphutha. Mhlawumbe angashadile kuphela ngeziphambeko ikhipha engazinzile. Ngezinye efanayo abanikazi nesikhathi sredneliteraturnogo isitayela ebavumela okuningi, njengoba kuyaqabukela bheka kusichazamazwi uma ubhala umbhalo, ungafaki ulwazi mayelana nokufaneleka tiphumuti.

Abantu ababeka ukuxhumana kuphela ngosizo isitayela okuxoxa, ungagwema emaphutheni amakhulu e lupelomagama netimphawu tekubhala.

ukuphimisela kwezinkambiso

Good izinga yokukhuluma orthoepy ezitholakala abathwali uhlobo elite zokuxhumana.

Uma usebenzise nokugqamisa ngamagama hhayi eyabekwa, ngokuhambisana kuyinsakavukela, kumane ngenxa evamile imithetho yokubiza ngqo ukuthatha phansi kuyinto evamile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le mithetho babe esemthethweni.

Amaphutha atholakele abameleli inkulumo ezimaholoholo sredneliteraturnogo uhlobo zokuxhumana. Abantu abanjalo naphula ngenkathi ukuphimisela namazinga okwakhayo. Bese kakhulu kangakanani ukubonakaliswa okunjalo osontekile ngocansi abantu omunye komunye ukuxhumana.

Ngezinye izikhathi, abathwali ezifana inkulumo okuxoxa amaphutha ezinjalo, zincane kunaloko iqembu odlule.

kwezinkambiso lucebe nesitayela

Kunzima ukunquma kwemingcele kuvunyelwe izitatimende ngokuya ulwazimagama nendlela. Lokhu kungenxa ukusetshenziswa impikiswano of bakwazi, ezifana mazwi ekhululekile.

Permissibility of ukusetshenziswa kwamagama athile kumelwe azimisele ne yokuma isitayela sombhalo futhi uhlobo.

Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona ngisho nesichazamazwi salolu isitsotsi. Nokho, ukuba khona izitatimende anjalo esikhathini inkulumo emihlanganweni esemthethweni ukuba angamukeleki. Ngezinye izikhathi, ezimweni ezingajwayelekile, ijagoni enjalo isetshenziselwa ngokomzwelo Umbala inkulumo. Kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu.

Ikhumbula izimfanelo inkhulumo lenhle, ungakwazi ngcono isitayela sakho yokuxhumana. It kufanele zifaneleke futhi zibe acabangele izimo zemvelo. Kufanele kube kuyaqondakala futhi kahle umamukeli kanye umthumeli. It yakha umbono ka komuntu. Thuthukisa isiko yokuxhumana kuzosiza ekutadisheni imithombo eyisisekelo ulwazi, intuthuko izincwadi zezwe kanye nobuciko. Ungathathi ulwazi kusuka ezingabazisayo, imithombo ezingaqinisekisiwe. Umuntu akumelwe ziphenduke. Emkhakheni wezingalo inkulumo kubalulekile.