Sesikhala wamaphaphu nesifo: incazelo, izimbangela, izimpawu, uphethwe, ngezigaba kanye nokwelashwa

Yiziphi interstitial wamaphaphu nesifo? Yokwelapha lezi zifo, izimpawu zabo kanye ngezigaba uzobe elichazwa kamuva.

Okufingqiwe

Sesikhala wamaphaphu nesifo - kuyinto izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingamahlalakhona ijwabu wamaphaphu abonisa ukuvuvukala capillary endothelial ukwephulwa isakhiwo perivazalnyh izindonga alveolar nezicubu perilymphatic. Isici nobuntu isimo sokugembula ezinjalo kuba dyspnea. Lokhu uphawu kuveza esingamahlalakhona yamaphaphu.

Sesikhala wamaphaphu nesifo ngokuvamile iholela cystic. Zokwelapha zanamuhla, leli gama alisetshenziswa njengoba ILD elifanayo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi isasetshenziswa kulo mqondo.

ngezigaba

Ngasiphi isisekelo ukuhlukanisa interstitial wamaphaphu nesifo? Ukwahlukaniswa lezi zifo kwenzeka ngesisekelo etiological ka:

• Indlela Abasabela Ngayo izidakamizwa, noma kunalokho, nemithi, izidakamizwa antiarrhythmic nemithi ngamakhemikhali.
• Inhalation izinto ezithile kusukela naphakathi ezungeze (wezinto ezingaphili futhi organic izinto, silicosis, berylliosis, asbestosis, iguliswa alveolitis exogenous noma Hypersensitivity pneumonitis).
• Lefundo izifo ezicutshini (rheumatoid arthritis, i-scleroderma, omzimba izicubu erythematosus, dermatomyositis).
• Idiopathic (histiocytosis X, sarcoidosis, proteinosis alveolar, idiopathic cystic yamaphaphu, idiopathic alveolitis interstitial, kuhlanganise acute alveolitis interstitial).
• Ukutheleleka (Pneumocystis inyumoniya, SARS, isifo sofuba).
• Associated interstitial nesifo samaphaphu (nge izifo zesibindi: eyinhloko isifo sokusha biliary, asebenzayo-hepatitis ezingalapheki, ne vasculitis yamaphaphu: granulomatosis lymphomatoid, granulomatosis Wegener sika, Hypersensitivity vasculitis, necrotizing vasculitis, oluhleliwe; a "ihlumela kuqhathaniswa aphethe" ukuphendula).
• izimila Ebulalayo (carcinomatosis limfangitny).

Yiziphi ILD?

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-interstitial wamaphaphu nesifo kuyinto ejwayelekile igama yomoya iqembu isifo. Labafanana ngukutsi tonkhe letindlela kuthinte interstices, lokho kuyingxenye yesizathu emaphashini.

izicubu sesikhala zezinzwa ngokuthi izicubu yamaphaphu. Linikeza yokweseka ezincane emoyeni sacs kanye alveoli yamaphaphu.

imithambo yegazi edabula interstitium usebenze negesi lokushintshisana umsebenzi phakathi emoyeni ipheshana zokuphefumula negazi. izicubu sesikhala mncane ukuze engabonakali x-ray noma ngesikhathi CT. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, kusenzima isifo kungatholakala ngokuhamba lezi nophenyo.

Noma yimuphi isifo samaphaphu izicubu kubangele ukuqina yayo. isimo esinjalo sokugembula bungase ukuvuvukala, ukuvuvukala noma nezibazi. Ezinye izinhlobo lesion izicubu interstitial sishesha, kuyilapho abanye azinakulungiswa noma ezingamahlalakhona.

Izimbangela isifo

Kungani ngisabela kokuba interstitial nesifo samaphaphu (ukwelashwa izincomo lochwepheshe izokwethulwa ngezansi)? Kukhona ungenye yezimbangela eziningi wamaphaphu izicubu izilonda ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, i-pneumonia interstitial ezibangelwa ama-virus, ama-bacterium, noma ukhunta. Ukuthuthukiswa ezinye izifo lingaphathelaniswa ne ephefumula evamile ye ezizihluphayo ezifana asbestos, talc, Silica uthuli, uthuli metal, amalahle noma okusanhlamvu. Kakhulu akuvamile izifo zamaphaphu yaleli qembu akhiwa ngenxa yemiphumela izingxenye kwezidakamizwa.

Isici esivelele sesimiso ILD wukuthi zonke lezi zici neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni isifo esithile. Ezimweni eziningi izimbangela kungaziwa ukuthi kanjani.

izimpawu isifo

Ekubhebhetselisa interstitial wamaphaphu nesifo libhekene ukuvuvukala izicubu wamaphaphu umonakalo kwalo okwalandela. Ezinjalo uthi sokugembula ephelezelwa iphika. Lona uphawu oyinhloko ILD. Ekuqaleni, iphika akusilo obonakalayo kakhulu, kodwa kuyafaneleka isiguli ukuba senze umsebenzi noma ukukhuphuka izitebhisi, ngokushesha kwenza ngokwayo wazizwa.

Kufanele futhi wazi ukuthi i-ILD elinesimo isifuba esomile. Futhi, iziguli ulahlekelwe isisindo kakhulu. Banezinhliziyo ubuhlungu bamalunga futhi imisipha, ukukhathala. Ezimweni eziphambili, ngokungavamile umuntu uye wanda izinzipho, izindebe kanye isikhumba ithuba okwesibhakabhaka. into sokugembula okunjalo elihlobene ne amazinga aphansi-mpilo egazini.

Ukuxilongwa izifo zamaphaphu interstitial

Indlela yokubona lesi sifo ehilelekile? Njengomthetho, abantu ILD Pulmonologist ukukhononda ukukhwehlela kanye iphika. Ukuze wenze ithole ukuxilongwa okufanele, udokotela ngokuvamile isebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo ukukhanya:

• computed tomography. Ngokusebenzisa le ndlela, ungakha image ephelele emaphashini, kanye nazo zonke izakhiwo eduze. ILD kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini sasivumela kalula CT.
• -X-ray. Ukutadisha esifubeni okunjalo ngokuvamile kwenziwa ukuhlola isimo jikelele kohlelo yamaphaphu. interstitial athintekayo avele izithombe ngesimo imigqa emihle.

• Okuphezulu CT. izilungiselelo isithwebuli Lungile, kanye isipiliyoni professional ukwandisa kusebenta lekutfola ILD.
• Lung biopsy nokutadisha amasampula ngesibonakhulu. Kaningi-ke kuyindlela kuphela ukucacisa uhlobo ukulimala wamaphaphu izicubu. amasampula yayo ingase ikhishwe usebenzisa Videoassisted thoracoscopic ukuhlinzwa, bronchoscopy noma toraktomii.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlolwa umsebenzi zokuphefumula , abanye ochwepheshe ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa okukhethekile, kuhlanganise spirometry, umzimba plethysmography, nabanye.

imihlahlandlela Ukwelashwa futhi emtholampilo

Sesikhala wamaphaphu nesifo - lena ngempela isifo esiyingozi ezidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Icebo ekwelapheni izifo ezifana Kufanele kukhethwe Pulmonologist kuphela, kuye ngokuthi imbangela ukuthuthukiswa kanye nohlobo umonakalo izicubu.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa wenziwa ILD antibiotic. ejenti ezinjalo eliphumelelayo izinhlobo eziningi inyumoniya interstitial Lokudabuka virus.

Kepha-pneumonia yegciwane, njengoba umthetho, it uyagijima ngokuzimela. Phatha ke ngezilapha magciwane liyadingeka. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le isifo ezingavamile, kokubili i-pneumonia fungal, siqedwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa ejenti ethize antifungal.

Olunye uhlobo umuthi isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ILD kukhona corticosteroids. amalungiselelo anjalo ukuqeda ukuvuvukala, hhayi kuphela emaphashini, kodwa nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. By the way, nezinye izinto ezithwala esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo mbuzo ungayithola kuphela ukubambezela umonakalo emaphashini, kanye Ukuwohloka umsebenzi wabo. Futhi, bavame nesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, okuholela kanye nezinye izinkinga zempilo.

Abantu ne ongaphakeme-mpilo okuqukethwe ohlelweni igazi, ochwepheshe ukweluleka sikwazi ukuphefumula umoya-mpilo amadivayisi ezikhethekile. Lezi zinqubo kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa isimo jikelele isiguli, kanye ukuze kugcwaliswe leso sidingo we imisipha yenhliziyo ku O _2.

Kufanele futhi wazi ukuthi odokotela batusa iziguli zabo zenzeke kwezinye izimo, ukufakelwa wamaphaphu. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuba indlela ephumelela kakhulu indlela yokubhekana nalesi sifo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziphambili futhi esinzima.

ukuba nombono ongafani ngeke

Ezinye iziguli isizinda ILD eba yisifo senhliziyo, futhi kukhona high blood pressure izitsha wamaphaphu. Amathuba okuphathwa yiyo ekululameni kwesiguli noma eziya ziba zimbi isifo Yiqiniso incike izizathu ukuthuthukiswa, kobukhulu kanye ukuxilongwa isikhathi sabo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi idiopathic cystic yamaphaphu oluphakeme Izibikezelo abampofu.