Vernadsky State Geological Museum: Umlando. Museum of Geology kubo. Vernadsky: ikheli, izithombe

State Geological Museum. Vernadsky - ingenye izikhungo ngobukhulu futhi endala ucwaningo abathintekayo kulolu cwaningo amaminerali bantfu eliveni lakitsi kanye emhlabeni.

prehistory

Indalo yakhe we Geological Museum wabo. Vernadsky eboshiwe M. V Lomonosovu. Wayekhipha yona le usosayensi Russian esikhathini ukuqeqeshwa kwabo eJalimane, waqaphela isidingo sokuhlanganisa "incwadi" imfundiso natural sciences kuya esisebenzayo. Eminyakeni ethile kamuva, ngo-ngokusuka kuyo esasungulwa University of eMoscow, futhi 1755-m-eyaziwa abalimi Demidovs umndeni ezinikelwe kulesi sikhungo "Henkel ehhovisi amaminerali." Kwakuthinta athengwe ku-Saxon edolobheni Freiberg bese uyiswa eSiberia. Lapho, ngemiyalo yezikhulu Akinfiya Nikiticha Demidova, waba ubuyise namaminerali abangu limbiwa izimayini zayo. Ngemva kokufa kwamadodana kayise wanquma ukuba baphathe iqoqo eziyigugu manje siqukethe kakade of 600 zobuciko ezingavamile enhloko-dolobha futhi zadluliselwa Yokubala Shuvalov ubuyise iqoqo inyuvesi.

ekudalweni Museum

Ngo 1759 iqoqo Demidov sika yafakwa isibonisi emtatsheni Apothecary endlini wonke umuntu, lapho laphenya kwaze kwaba ukudalwa University Museum of Natural History. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-40, elinye ilungu leNdikimba Demidovs uhlobo lwe - Paul G. - baqhubeka isiko Umkhulu wakhe, uyise wakhe, umhlatshelo isikhungo cwaningo zemfundo yomlando zemvelo, umtapo omkhulu futhi "inhlokodolobha sohranny" ruble 100 000, inzalo evela okwakuyoholela baye izindawo .

Kusukela ngo-1804 kuya 1812

Ngo-1804, ngemva kokumiswa Demidov uSihlalo Natural History Museum Yesikhathi Esizayo Geological kubo. Vernadsky washukumiseleka esakhiweni Moss, okwakuthatha 220 square metres. m ehholo, futhi 1805 wathunyelwa ohlangothini kwesokunxele mezzanine, ukuhlinzeka ngezindawo zokuhlala ukuze ziphephile 6 amakamelo. Phakathi umlilo eMoscow ngo 1812. Lesi sakhiwo Museum lashisa, kanye enyuvesi. Futhi nakuba zezinhlobo ebaluleke kunayo, ososayensi baye bakwazi ukuthatha okuningi iqoqo lalahleka.

nokuzalwa kabusha

Ngemva ukuxoshwa French baqala ukubuyisela iqoqo ngokuthenga ziphephile entsha, kanye kusukela iminikelo.

Ikakhulukazi, ngo-1813 i-manje Nikolay Nikitich Demidov wanika Museum iqoqo elisha amaminerali kanye ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa wathuthela esakhiweni Nikitskaya.

kwezesayensi

Kodwa ngo-1880 wamiswa njengephayona elivamile umnakekeli iKhabhinethi Geological yezindawo ezivelele Russian sokuma kanye Isazi A. P. Pavlová, futhi engu-12 kamuva, lokhu okuthunyelwe sathathwa V I. Vernadsky. Ngenxa yemizamo yabo, umnyuziyamu uye abe ucwaningo centre owaziwa, lapho iqala ukuthatha izinyathelo zayo zokuqala ngesikhathi usengumfundi, futhi kamuva ososayensi abaqavile A. Fersman, KA Nenadkevich, A. Samoilov , nabanye.

Ukunqamula

Ngo-1910, Pavlov futhi uVladimir Vernadsky wanxusa kuhulumeni ukuqala isiphakamiso sokwakha isakhiwo esisha Museum. Lesi sinqumo, ngokuvumelana kubo, elalizokwakhiwa lalizoba isipho kangcono esenzeka ngalo Lomonosov.

Initiative abacwaningi bathola impendulo, futhi ngo-1914 inani elifunekayo kwabelwe endaweni yomcebo isimo. Ngokushesha iphrojekthi RI Klein Moss isiqale kwakhiwa isakhiwo esisha, okuyinto manje isakhiwo main, okuyinto iyisonto Museum of Geology kubo. Vernadsky. Le mpi yaba isizathu ukuthi hambisa nokuya kulesi sakhiwo esisha senzeka kuphela ngo-1918. Nokho, ngenxa ukungapheleli Museum savulelwa umphakathi kuphela ngo-1924.

Kumila Geological Institute

Inkambo kwezimboni, okuyinto sathathwa abasha likahulumeni waseSoviet, buye baphoqa nzulu ngezindlela ukuqeqeshwa enombolweni ukuzibonakalisa, kuhlanganise nalawo ahlobene yezimayini. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1930 i-Moscow Geological Prospecting Institute yasungulwa ngesisekelo Museum, eMoscow Imayini Academy, Yabantu University kanye Izifundo Ephakeme yabesifazane.

Isikhathi yesimanje

A esigabeni esisha saqala ngo-1988, lapho ngesinqumo uHulumeni waseSoviet yasungulwa uMbuso Geological Museum. Vernadsky. iminyaka 5 Kamuva izivakashi bakwazi ukubona embukisweni entsha "Chronicle e Stone", ngisho nangemva kweminyaka 3 sekuqalile ukusebenza ihholo nemibukiso zesikhashana video materials, okuyinto kwenziwa umsebenzi omkhulu phezu popularization yesayensi.

Museum of Geology kubo. Vernadsky: incazelo weqoqo

Ngo amahholo izikhungo yesayensi kanye zemfundo sibekezelele ziphephile ayizinkulungwane 300. Kulokhu, izimali njalo agcwaliswa ngu okutholakele ukuthi ososayensi yaletha esuka mikhankaso, nezipho eyenziwe bona babasekeli babo abaqhubeka isiko Demidov. isithakazelo Omkhulu phakathi izivakashi ikamelo lokuqala ngokuthi "Geological Kunstkammer". Kuyinto ngenxa yalesi ukuqoqwa rarities Museum Geological kubo. Vernadsky edonsela abafundi, abaningi babo ngemva ukushaywa umoya kanjalo abasafufusa isithakazelo mineralogy. Esikhathini "Kunstkammer" embukisweni amaminerali amahle kakhulu, ngaphandle fancy ijamo, umbala kanye nesakhiwo.

Kusuka lapho, izivakashi ukuhambisa ekamelweni elilandelayo, lapho bangakwazi bayawazisa umsebenzi eziyingqayizivele yezithakazelo ezigxilile zababazi ukuthi hit ubuhle futhi wenze zibabaza ikhono Abadali zabo.

Izibukeli ungabona futhi ziphephile lesiligugu lesivela ukuqoqwa Ukubala Stroganov, Prince Gagarin, Rumyantsev nabanye abaningi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, nje kudingeka ukubhala ikheli Geological Vernadsky Museum (ul. Moss, 11, k. 11) uhambe khona ngempelasonto ezayo.

Ezinye ziphephile esiyingqayizivele

Trip ku-Geological Museum. Vernadsky, izithombe zazo eboniswe ngenhla, ikuvumela ukuba ubone ziphephile iyingqayizivele ngempela. Phakathi kwabo:

• iqoqo iwindi kwakhiwa kusukela uwoyela umlilo Tengiz;
• omile sesihlahla evela e-US isimo Arkansas kweminyaka eyi-kwezigidi ezingu-220;
• amethiste usayizi geode ka 1 kuya 0.7 m, amazwe esuka eBrazil;
• iqoqo lithologic ezimbiwa phansi ka Taman;
• charroit omkhulu futhi eziyisikhombisa ohambisana namaminerali ezingavamile kakhulu nabanye.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi yini ungabona ngokuvakashela Geological Museum. Vernadsky (ikheli ubone. Ngenhla), futhi ngokuqinisekile uyofuna khona lapho ukuze sizibonele imicebo ingaphakathi emhlabeni.