Bala Shuvalov Potr Ivanovich: Biography, izindlalifa

Cronyism, ukwenzelela izihlobo - ukuthi zasiza senkantolo yasebukhosini eRussia kulabo wakwazi ukuthola eduze neziphathimandla. Umuntu onjalo wake wazama ukuba azungeze yena nezihlobo. Ngakho Shuvalov clan yaxoshwa sobukhosi ngasekuqaleni kuka-50-yalolucwaningo omkhaya XVIII leminyaka Razumovsky.

Ikhamera-page Ivan Shuvalov (1727-1797)

Ivan wazalelwa emkhayeni ompofu ahlukile eMoscow. Isihloko "Bala" Shuvalov Ivan Ivanovich neze egqoka - noma lapho bezalwa noma kamuva, lapho eseneminyaka wohlanga olukhulu onguMninimandla onke. Wathola imfundo enhle ekhaya, wayazi izilimi ezine, ukufunda okuningi, wayenesithakazelo ubuciko futhi lakhula enhle futhi enesizotha nsizwa.

Bazovela ayesemnyango inkantolo Elizabeth, eminyakeni 14 wathatha ignoramus e Petersburg kuchazwe ke e-ikhamera emakhasini. Ngalesi ubudala, wayengumuntu ukukhula amancane wachitha sonke isikhathi sakhe ngokufunda izincwadi, futhi umdanso, namantombazane akuzona abukhali. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka emine waba seluliwe ngaphansi kwamamitha amabili ubude, wayesemshadweni ngolunye usuku elihle eliselincane. Emshadweni udadewabo Prince Golitsinym Ivana waphawula iNdlovukazi Elizabeth. Ngo 1749, wamnika isicoco sakhe sokuqala. Ivan Shuvalov kwaba umnumzana igumbi lokulala, okungukuthi umfana ezimbizeni. Futhi abazalwane waqiniseka yena wayeyedwa nge amane Empress.

yabathenwa

Ngokushesha Ivan wathola isihloko esisha - yabathenwa. Iningi inkantolo wokuzilibazisa entsha Empress kwakubonakala bethanda ibingaba eyesikhashana ngempela. Kodwa uhlakaniphile, enhle, ongahaheli ngemali, singabi abaqhoshayo Ivan wahlala nasemseni Elizabeth ngaphambi kokushona kwakhe ngo 1761.

Izimfanelo zakhe siqu, ikakhulukazi ukungabi ukuthambekela imali ukwenza, ngaleso sikhathi ivelakancane. Kwakumangaza zonke, kuhlanganise Empress kanti umsolwa, ngubani isetshenziswa ukuthi konke kusuka wakhe sifinyelele isikhundla, umhlaba, abalimi kanye nemali. Aging Empress Elizabeth chayala asinamphefumulo kwelinye sakhe esikhethiwe, futhi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngeminyaka, ubunjalo baso kubonakale yawohloka, iphathwa zayo iveza uthando olufanayo.

Umsebenzi Ivan Shuvalov

Angicabangi ukuthi ukuba sendaweni efanele ngesikhathi esifanele, Ivan ke nje ukuphila nenjabulo iNdlovukazi, umdala ngokwanele ukuba unina. Wayesemncane futhi eyigeza, fashionably futhi expensively begqoke ne imikhuba enhle, wayephila ukuphila nje Dandy. Shuvalov wabonisa uthando engajwayelekile kwezobuciko: yobuciko, izincwadi, imidlalo yaseshashalazini.

Ngakho, lapho sasihlose ukudala Academy of Arts, e 1755 wasuka eMoscow FS Rokotoff wamnika ithuba baqale ukuqeqeshwa endlini yakhe kuze livula Academy. Futhi 1761 wabona womlilo e esigodlweni umqophi esizayo Shubin. Ivan asekelwe ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi umdali yamabhayisikobho wokuqala Russian volkov F. futhi A. Sumarokov - wemidlalo futhi imbongi.

Bekanye Mikhail Lomonosov, wayengumuntu iphrojekthi wavula eMoscow University ngosuku Igama lonina - Osukwini Tatiana sika, e 1755. Le phrojekthi, wayilondoloza isikhathi eside.

Shuvalov abelethwe kothisha nabafundi, futhi izincwadi zakhe wabeka isisekelo sokuba umtapo enyuvesi futhi sesingenile ngesikhathi ukuphrinta endlini inyuvesi, okuyinto kunyatheliswa izincwadi hhayi kuphela kwesayensi, kodwa futhi "Moscow News".

Academy of Arts - yonke inzalo yakhe. Wabahlanganisela othisha phesheya, ekufuneni lwabafundi abakhaliphile, okwethulwa iqoqo imidwebo yakhe ye-Academy. Imisebenzi yakhe yokwakha zezombusazwe, ayikaqondwa kahle, ukwanda ehlongozwayo inani senators kanye nekwentiwa ncono nemisebenzi yabo, streamlining ubushiqela futhi kwezempi, yena wayekholelwa ukuthi isidingo epha kambaphambili kuze Russian hhayi abantu bezinye izizwe.

Eziningi zalezi Shuvalov ezihlongozwayo bangaleso sikhathi futhi ehlanganiswe ukuphila kuphela ngaphansi uCatherine II noPawulu I. Ngo-1757 Ukubala Vorontsov okufakiwe isimemezelo okusalungiswa lapho I. I. Shuvalovu wabelwa isihloko ukubala, yilungu lephalamende, kanye serfs ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Isihloko Ivan wenqaba. Kamuva isihloko zokuhlonipha ka "Bala" Ivan Shuvalov bengalamukeli, futhi kusukela Catherine I. Wayengafuni kulesi sihloko.

Isigodlo Ukubala Shuvalov

Nakuba Ivan awuzange egqoke isihloko Ukubala, kodwa esigodlweni kwaba ukwakhiwa sokuphana ngento enkulu ngempela, ithatha wonke ikota. Ubekhona futhi namanje (Nokho kabusha) ku emgwaqweni Italian eduze Ihlobo Palace of abavikela yayo saint.

Lesi sigodlo lakhiwa iminyaka emihlanu isitayela le baraque Elizabethan. It kwadalwa wezakhiwo S. Chevakinsky. Esigodlweni walondoloza umhlobiso komlando yokulinda elinamakholomu ongaphakeme nezinhloko-dolobha. Lonke ingaphakathi esigodlweni ngokucebile ehlotshiswe stucco. Kodwa lokhu ikakhulukazi ukulungisa kamuva.

Kuze kube manje, kukhona i-Museum of Ukuhlanzeka, futhi isakhiwo ngokwaso ivikelwe isimo, ngoba ifa lethu zomlando namasiko.

Ukufa Elizabeth

Ngemva kokufa abavikela yakhe saint Ivan waphila iminyaka engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu. Akazange angabaze, wathatha isifungo 1762, iNdlovukazi entsha, kodwa wasuka inkantolo. Hhayi ukuthi wokubungaza izivakashi kwakuyihlazo, kodwa namanje isikhundla sakhe ishintshile khona.

ULieutenant General Shuvalov waya kude. Yena yayithandwa inkantolo Marie Antoinette, wangena emjikelezweni emincane kuyo kanye okuthiwa Lilac League. It wayezimisele Inqubomgomo yeFrance, futhi, ngaphandle Ivan, indoda elicwengekile, efundile, abezinye izizwe nomqondo ovulekile ke asikaze.

Uma lokhu kwatholakala uCatherine II, yena isanda zishaqeke. Manje, njengoba nazi ukuthi phesheya liyisihlalo sobukhosi azinikele wohlanga olukhulu Russian, ngiwatholile amandla e-Europe, iNdlovukazi wamnika izabelo eziningi zokubonisana. Wenza nabo bezinto futhi wathola isikhundla ikhansela yangasese.

Ngo 1776, Shuvalov ebuyela eRussia. Yena wanikwa yempesheni ruble ayizigidi eziyishumi, bese wakhushulelwa yabathenwa. Lokhu ngenhlanhla kwaba isikhundla esiphezulu egcekeni - yesibili kuphela iNdlovukazi. Kodwa ngokuvamile, Shuvalov - yesikhulu abacebile, minion fortune, manje kwaholela zobumfihlo. Yena kabusha ahlelwe endlini yakhe futhi salon etemibhalo wasingatha kwasemini for izimbongi Derzhavin futhi I. Dmitriev, futhi u-Admiral Alexander Shishkov philologist, umhumushi zikaHomer E. Kostrova. Wayekwazi sijabulele ukuphila, ephethe ke injabulo abangane.

Shuvalov konke ukuphila kwakhe isikhathi eside, futhi yena waphila eminyakeni engu-70, ephelezelwa hhayi umona inkazimulo i ohlakaniphile, onomusa, umuntu othembekile. Hhayi ngoba kube ukuphila nabazala bayo.

Petr Ivanovich Shuvalov (1711-1762)

UPyotr babevela sifundazwe gentry Kostroma. uyise, Usigaxamabhande ka Vyborg, indodana wakwazi unamathisele ikhasi esigodlweni Petra Velikogo. Lapho i-emperor wafa, wathatha ingxenye wokugcotshwa Catherine I. Phakathi isevisi ikhasi, wafunda zonke izidingo inkantolo futhi wakwazi, ngenxa yalokho, eminye enkantolo umsebenzi.

Lapho indodakazi Velikogo Petra nomyeni wakhe washiya ngoba Kiel, kanye nabo ukuze wakhonza nekhamera ikhasi-PA Shuvalov. Kube aluthola yinto entsha ekuphileni.

Ngemva ebeletha indodana yakhe, Ngokuzayo uMbusi uPetru III, Anna Petrovna wafa P. Shuvalov Waphindela eRussia, kokukhipha umkhumbi emzimbeni inkosazana umqhele e 1728. Phakathi nale minyaka engu wahlangana ne Mavroy Egorovnoy Shevelevoy, okuyinto ke washada. Yena waba umngane oseduze of Princess Elizabeth Petrovna futhi kamuva wasiza kakhulu career ye-courtier nabafuna izikhundla.

eduze nesihlalo sobukhosi

Ngemva kokubuya phesheya Shuvalov wakhonza ngokwethembeka ikhamera-ubusosha Princess Elizabeth.

Petro wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo lokuketula uhulumeni 1741, ukwakha Elizaveta Petrovna eziya esihlalweni sobukhosi, futhi ukwazisa wathola okusezingeni eliphezulu enkantolo elisezingeni yabathenwa. It likhula ngokushesha futhi umsebenzi yawo yezempi. Waqale - kuphela Guards uLieutenant futhi jikelele ezinkulu, kodwa ngonyaka olandelayo waba uLieutenant, futhi ngokushesha iphini lomlawuli wempi-jikelele.

Ukuphakama kwenkonzo yakhe nje asheshe, njengoba Elizaveta Petrovna akakhohlwa nezinjabulo phakathi umsizi abahlakaniphileko basiza esihlalweni sayo sobukhosi. Petro uthola i the Order of St Anne nokuxhumana. Aleksandra Nevskogo bese uba oyilungu lephalamende. Futhi 1746, phambi kwethu ke kuvela kakade Bala Shuvalov. Ngu nalesikhathi wayesesimweni kakade ishade "sneaky", njengoba kusho, maid udumo Mavre Egorovne Shepelevoy, okuyinto, efana nomfowethu omdala, u-Alexander wayeneminyaka eyishumi ngesikhathi inkantolo, wamsiza ngokushesha ukuya phezulu isitebhisi umsebenzi.

Lé phezulu

Ekuqaleni, zonke izenzo zakhe Front Army. Sikanye Leli qembu lakhe nengxenye wokugcotshwa iNdlovukazi eMoscow. Khona-ke Leli qembu lakhe wenza at yamathanga, kodwa Ukubala Shuvalov ngokushesha yingcweti esigodlweni engengaphansi ngokushesha uthola isikhundla eliphakeme - Field Marshal. Angaba uthi, agijima odlula empilweni kwezomnotho nezombusazwe izihloko ezimbili, kanye kuwo wonke umbuso.

Iselula Bala P. Shuvalov

Kakade 1745 Ukubala Shuvalov isungule kuphrojekthi ukuqoqwa intela-poll bese zisiza ukulwa isikweletu. Empress nazibona kuye umuntu angavuselela inkazimulo yangaphambili isimo. Uyalalelisisa ezihlose lwakhe esikhundleni zentela eqondile ngokungaqondile, bazokhokhisa izimali ngoba ibutho iqoqo usawoti minting izinhlamvu zemali zethusi (amakhilogremu zethusi ezazenziwa ngesigamu, bese kane imali eningi, okuletha inzuzo ngaphezulu endaweni yomcebo). Kodwa iNdlovukazi eside athwala isivunguvungu ukuzijabulisa, ngakho amandla kancane kancane bagxila ezandleni abahahayo imali abalambele uPetru Ivanovich.

Ngo 1753, ngesikhathi isiphakamiso sakhe, imisebenzi namasiko nezangaphakathi amiswe, futhi 1755 lapho entsha Customs isimiso iqhaza sivunyiwe.

Izinguquko ebuthweni

Kakade ngo-1751, lapho P. Shuvalov baba jikelele-e-abakhulu, kwaba umyalo cishe elalingumakhonya besigaba. Ubonisa intshiseko emangalisayo, ezinyakazayo futhi baphokophelele abasebenzi, bawaqeqeshe, zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali Division waxhumana ngubo wakhe. Lokhu singaba usizo kabi kamuva, abantu bayoba nini impi eneminyaka eyisikhombisa nge Prussia e 1756

Zonke amabutho Bala Shuvalov wanika ukuqeqeshwa wezikhali kanye esiqiwini amabutho, eyayihlanganisa abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu aba. Leli cala ajwayelekile kuye, futhi ngempumelelo ucedzela izinhlinzeko zoMthetho izibhamu entsha, izibhamu entsha futhi iyunifomu.

Ngaleso sikhathi, wamiswa Jikelele-feldtseyhmeysterom, okusho umyalo wezikhali nobunjiniyela amabutho. Bala Shuvalov uphaka imisebenzi ukuqeqeshwa Gunners futhi zizithobe iSigele project ukwakha howitzer entsha.

Ngaphandle kokuya imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi nakuba futhi baye bamukela, kodwa akuphumelelanga. Kodwa elandelayo ithuluzi okuthiwa "Unicorn" kwaba impumelelo. Lokhu Gunners howitzer yasungulwa M. Danilov futhi Sergei Martynov, futhi lalisetshenziselwa ukusekela elihamba ukulwa cishe ngemva kweminyaka eyikhulu kwenzeka eyasungulwa. Igama lihlotshaniswa benesifiso akhohlisa ikholomu kabani isibonakaliso wayechazwa lesi silwane kumnandi.

Elingenamikhono izingalo Ukubala uPetru Shuvalov

Umfanekiso Unicorn ezintathu kufakwe elingenamikhono izingalo Ukubala Shuvalov. Okokuqala, limelelwa ibhodi, kanti okwesibili, wachaza ukuthi uqhuba isihlangu, Okwesithathu, kwesokunxele isigqoko coronet ukubala sika. A amabhomu amathathu ukukhunjuzwa ukubusa yesihlalo sobukhosi sika-Elizabeth. Kungokufanayo kuthiwa nombhalo.

On ekuncipheni U-Elizabeth I

Bala Shuvalov lapho Elizabeth waba de ikhanda empeleni waba ka uhulumeni waseRussia. Zonke ophakamisa ukubala kuxoxwa iSigele. Nokho, ukungabi nabugovu ngokungafani kuya umzala, kwehlukile. Ngokuvamile umsebenzi wakhe kwamzuzisa nokulimaza yengcebo.

Ithatha, wayegunde ukuthi adayise leli hlathi, fat and Amatebhe. Ukudoba izinhlanzi kanye seal White Sea futhi iCaspian Sea wayebuye ayitholwa yakhe. Bala Shuvalov nengxenye ugwayi ezothengwa, wayegunde engcono yensimbi imisebenzi. Umngane womshado, ngokuba State-lady Elizabeth kuthiwa baye baphuma abacwaningi ezingeni futhi nemiklomelo imali.

Ngemva kokufa Elizabeth, naphezu kwesimo sengqondo evumayo uPetru III, Earl waqala agule abese efa ngo 1762. Wakhe engcono eqinile nezimfanelo babe ikhono lokuhlela izinto futhi anikhumbuze zonke izinto kuze kube sekupheleni. Ngakho wahlala ukuphila kwakhe enamandla, Ukubala wokuvelela Shuvalov. Umlando wakhe kubonisa ukuthi wayeyindoda okungavamile, kodwa abantu besikhathi thanda kwabonakala, igrafu bezikhukhumeza bese fabulously ocebile namanje ayisetshenziswa.

Indlalifa Ukubala uPyotr

Umuntu ubengacabanga ukuthi Ukubala ushiye imali eshisiwe eside ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Ngenxa yokuthi imali nje kwagelezela emfuleni yakhe. Nokho, ngabona ukuthi akunjalo. Earl kwaba umuntu obizayo kakhulu. Esikhundleni sakhe - indodana Andrei Petrovich - kokushiya izikweletu kuphela inani ruble ayizigidi 92. Kodwa ngenkathi Catherine Andrei Petrovich akazange ulahleke, waba yilungu lephalamende, ikhansela yangasese, umbusi Bank kanye nombhali. Waqhubeka lwamakhosi we Ibala Shuvalov, owayehlala kakade ekhulwini XIX.

ubhuti Shuvalov

Alexander (1710-1771) kanye nomfowabo omncane efika esigodlweni uPetru mina futhi waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengoba ikhasi. Kodwa ubalwe njengenye egcekeni Princess Elizabeth, yena wayephethe lakwakhe umnotho. Ngalezo zinsuku kwaba isikhundla esiphakeme.

Ngemva umbuso esigodlweni, lapho laba bazalwane ababili wathatha ingxenye esebenzayo, u-Alexander wangena ukukhula. Ukuze uqale nge e 1742, ke kancane nje ethinta izindaba Imfihlo Chancellery, kodwa uthanda iNdlovukazi akashiywanga.

It ukhishwa Order Aleksandra Nevskogo, bese ukukhiqiza uLieutenant jikelele, ngemva kwesikhashana - e abalawuli bempi jikelele. Futhi 1746 phambi kwethu isivele Bala Shuvalov Aleksandr Ivanovich, esikhundleni izikhundla ikhanda ogulayo we Imfihlo Chancellery nenhloko ke ukuphila layo yonke yakhe.

Phakathi nokubusa U-Elizabeth I noPetru III kuze 1762, lapho wayesatshwa futhi abathandanga. Kodwa wayekhetha neendaba kwezohwebo, okungase ukusiza ukudala isimo. Elizaveta Petrovna akalukhohlwanga umsizi ethembekileyo ukhishwa kuye 1753 indondo esiphezulu Empire Russian - Order of St .. Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Kamuva Shuvalov futhi abe yilungu lephalamende kanye jikelele emkhakheni marshal. Ngemva kokubusa Catherine, wathunyelwa ifa lakhe eduze eMoscow. By the way, lezi zelamani ezintathu, kwaba umuntu ungakujabulisi kakhulu ungasho, kungekho nto enemibala emihle.

domesticity

Graf Aleksandr Ivanovich wayeshade Ekaterina Ivanovna Kastyurinoy. Greedy abancishanayo kwaba lo mkhaya, ezisola ngisho imali ku izingubo efanele isimo sabo. indodakazi Catherine wazalelwa emshadweni wabo, okuyinto abendiswa Yokubala G. I. Golovkina.

Lapho u-Alexander I-ke waba State-lady. Kukhona kokuqagela ukuthi ikhaya lakhe eMoscow wazalwa A. S. Pushkin. Yena unesithakazelo yaseshashalazini, nenqaba yalo baba umgogodla abadansi we Bolshoi Ballet. Amadodana akhe bengenangane, futhi indodakazi ongashadile naye. Ngakho lokhu legatsha Shuvalov inzalo kwadingeka.

On isibonelo Shuvalov clan ungacabanga ezahlukene kwenzeka kanjani ukuba abantu efanayo eyayinecilongo izimpande efanayo.