Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneGreyidini the classic ebugqilini wezinzalamizi? ubugqila wezinzalamizi - ke ...

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ubugqila - wuhlelo ubudlelwane emphakathini lapho omunye umuntu ubunikazi abanye abantu. Nokho, akubona bonke uyazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezehlukene imihlola. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho indoda iyikhanda lomndeni nokugqilazwa classical. Uhlobo ngalunye has umehluko ayo lomqondo. Ake sithole ukuthi kwakungani umehluko phakathi ebugqilini classical we zezinzalamizi, futhi ufunde okushiwo imiqondo le.

definition lobugqila

Udinga ukuba baqonde lokho okufundiswa nkulumo isho ukuthi ngokuvamile, ngaphambi kokuthi udlulele ezicashile ukuthi ukuhlukanisa yokugqilazeka zakudala wezinzalamizi. Inchazelo izozama ukunikeza ngokwezinga esiphezulu kungenzeka.

Njengoba kakade kushiwo ngenhla ukuthi: ubugqila ifomu olunzima kakhulu kwakuwukuthi komunye umuntu, nxa engena ubunikazi yangasese ukuze umuntu okuthiwa umnikazi senceku. Nokho, kwakukhona izinhlobo isimo lobugqila. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, isimo esingokomthetho yezigqila, ngisho Kulokhu zihlala zinjalo. umnikazi lesigqila kuphela akuyena umuntu futhi isimo. Kodwa amandla isimo ngokuvamile kakhulu inkosi ngabanye, umbusi noma nezinye umbusi. Lokhu izinhlobo zobugqila bachuma East Ancient.

isikhundla kaMarx

Ngokwe-theory ekilasini noKarla Marksa, ubugqila ifomu kuqala zokuxhashazwa omunye umuntu. Empeleni, inceku kwakuyindlela zokukhiqiza. Okungukuthi ubudlelwane zokukhiqiza esekelwe ukuxhashazwa abanikazi izigqila, aba isisekelo eyisisekelo ohlelweni isigqila, owawengame emhlabeni kuze kube maphakathi ekhulwini lokuqala leminyaka AD.

Nokho, nakuba okwamanje ithiyori kwezomnotho kaMarx ikufanele ukugxekwa ososayensi abaningi, iningi lazo livumelana ukuthi umqondo welithi iseyizigqila "Capital" nombhali adalule sasivumela ngokunembile futhi kahle.

imithombo lobugqila

Kukhona imithombo eminingana, lapho ukugeleza izigqila kwakumelwe ukuba yizikhonzi abanikazi. Khona-ke abakhululiwe ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• impi;
• ukudunwa;
• ebugqilini izikweletu;
• ukuthengisa yena noma amalungu omndeni ebugqilini;
• ukuguqulwa abalimi khulula esimweni yezigqila;
• owazalwa ngo ebugqilini.

Incazelo eningiliziwe izindlela ukwelashwa izigqila khulula

Impi cishe ungumthombo ubugqila, esadaleka phambi kwabanye. Nokho, iziboshwa zempi aba yizigqila kulo umlando zezwe lasendulo, kanye ingxenye Ephakathi ngisho ezikhathini zanamuhla. Impi phakathi izizwe livelile ngaphambi ukuvela wekuba sive. Ekuqaleni nje iziboshwa babulawa, njengoba uma usebenzisa njengomngani kwetisebenti, kakhulu, omunye babengaba nethemba ukuthi bayoba bakwazi ukuzondla kuphela. Kodwa lapho ukukhiqizwa emhlabeni nokucubungula ifinyelele ezingeni entsha yezobuchwepheshe, izimo zadalwa ngoba ukudalwa umkhiqizo isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona, futhi ngenxa yalokho izimo for ukusebenza komunye umuntu. Nakuba ukuthuthukiswa eside lobugqila lithole kuphela ngemva kokwakhiwa uthi nokwakha apharathasi enamandla sibhekwe, okuyinto uyakwazi ukulawula nokucindezela kwavukelwa yezigqila.

Ukudunwa kanye nokuthumba futhi basonta yezimbangela lokuqala lobugqila. Nokho, kwezinye izindawo zomhlaba, kwale ndlela yokwelapha-Singles izigqila ukhona kuze kube namuhla.

Nezikweletu ebugqilini sekukhona kakade ngesikhathi khona-United. Uma umuntu awukwazi ukukhokhela izibopho zayo, khona-ke yena nomkhaya wakhe yaphenduka izigqila. Imisebenzi ukulawula le nqubo babelwa isimo.

Futhi, kwaba nezigameko lapho umuntu ayikwazanga ukondla yena noma umkhaya. Ngakho, waphoqwa ukuba ngokuzithandela bazithengise izigqila. Wayekwazi ukwenza ngayo noma ngabe yiliphi ilungu lomndeni lapho wayeyinhloko. ubugqila wezinzalamizi - kungcono isimo nje ngokuphelele kuncike wonke amalungu omkhaya ekhanda lakhe.

Futhi, isimo kungaba ngokomthetho ahlinzeke okuguqula abalimi abakhululekile babe izigqila. ezivamile Ikakhulukazi lokhu zobugqila kwaba eMpumalanga Ancient.

Ukuvela lobugqila wezinzalamizi

Ifomu wezinzalamizi zobugqila, ngokuvumelana etholakalayo mlando idatha, zivela eMpumalanga Ancient. Kwakulapho, ku amazwe okuthiwa Oluvundile, okokuqala kwakheka izimo zokukhiqiza enaleni yomkhiqizo, ngakho sokuthuthukiswa slaveholding uhlobo ukuxhashazwa.

ubugqila wezinzalamizi - kuwuhlobo lobugqila lapho inceku wayehlala nomkhaya wakubo, kokuba ilungelo kuso. Wenza umsebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kunzima, kanti kwezinye izindawo wasebenza belingana wonke umuntu. Kwakukhona ngisho ezimweni lapho umuntu onjalo wathatha esifubeni umndeni. Njalo ilungelo impahla inceku ingeyamakhosi inhloko yomndeni, okuyinto imithombo kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi impunga ukuthi yamaGreki asendulo ihumusha ngokuthi "amandla kayise." Ngakho waya igama elithi "ubugqila wezinzalamizi."

Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi ubugqila wezinzalamizi - liphinde kwencika oluphelele izingane nguyise. Ngokomthetho, inzalamizi kwadingeka amandla afanayo phezu izingane zazo, kanye phezu izigqila. Wayengase ukubaphoqa ukuba enze ezihlukahlukene umsebenzi, ukuthengisa futhi sibabulale ngisho nokubabulala. ngokucacile kakhulu igunya lakhe phezu izingane emndenini wezinzalamizi luboniswa enye yezincwadi zeBhayibheli, okungazange ulandisa indlela u-Abrahama ukuba anikele ngendodana yakhe u-Isaka. Nokho, ezimweni eziningi, isimo sengqondo sabazali izingane ukuthi Yiqiniso, kuyinto athambile kunamafutha izigqila kodwa bafuna ngesikhathi esifanayo kwadingeka abanye amacala ukudayiswa isigqila, ngisho babulalane Inzalo yazo.

ukuqhubeka ebugqilini eMpumalanga Lasendulo

With ukuvela uthi eMpumalanga yasendulo, ikakhulukazi, ephakathi kwemifula iTigrisi ne-Ewufrathe, kanye e-Egypt, wadala preconditions sokuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe nokugqilazwa eqinisa. I-apharathasi isimo wasiza slaveholders ukulawula nezigqila, ukucindezela kuvukela zabo, aba nesandla ekuthuthukeni kwalo ngisho ifomu baqinisa zokuxhashazwa kwabantu nasekuthengeni.

Nokho, uhulumeni uqobo e kobuso benkosi baguqulelwa slaveholder ngobukhulu. It ephenduka ibe yizigqila ayizinkulungwane kuze abalimi khulula, kanye iziboshwa zempi. Ikakhulukazi ngokukhazimulayo lokhu zobugqila ebonakaliswa eBhabhiloni. Inkosi lokhu isimo, uHammurabi, umthetho isimo izigqila, kuhlanganise uhulumeni, kanye setha ngesijeziso sokungalaleli.

Nokho, ubugqila wezinzalamizi eBhabhiloni, futhi, kwakuvame kakhulu, futhi lalihlala ukudlala abalulekile, uma kungekhona nendima evelele emnothweni isimo kuze ukuwa kwakhe. Nakuba ukuba nokwenzeka kamuva kakhulu, lokhu zobugqila zazandile eMpumalanga, futhi kwezinye izindawo empeleni ukhona namuhla.

Ifomu classical lobugqila

ubugqila Classical injalo yendabuko weza wezinzalamizi kakhulu kamuva in Ancient Greece, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa enkulu yafinyelelwa ngo isimo sasendulo saseRoma. Le ndlela ukuxhashazwa kwaba eqinile nakho ngeke kusize nakakhulu. Ngokusho nomqondo wokugqilazwa eRoma yasendulo, isigqila kuxoxa into ukukhuluma, kuyilapho eMpumalanga kwaba, nakuba ephansi, kodwa namanje cishe ilungu lomndeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi umshikashika yezigqila eRoma lasendulo yayingesinye ngesisekelo yesimo sezomnotho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo eMpumalanga, ubugqila, nakuba ethile yafeza indima ebalulekile ekudalweni komkhiqizo, kodwa eliphansi in lo msebenzi nenhlonipho abalimi. ERoma lasendulo liyaziwa latifundia yayo - izigodi, okuyinto baqashwe izinkulungwane abayimilutha. Akumangazi ukuthi abanikazi ngokuvamile ngisho nalapho bebhekene ayikwazanga ukwazi izinceku zakhe siqu, ngokufanele, it is ngokuphelele ngeke ukwazi ukondla kubo noma yimuphi umuzwa.

Kodwa ebugqilini wezinzalamizi yayikhona eRoma kuphela lapho besanda kuqala yokuzalwa isimo. Kamuva yaphinde ngokuphelele sekuthathelwe indawo yakudala okuthiwa.

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi izinhlobo zobugqila

Ngakho, lapho ifingqa okungenhla, singaphetha ngokuthi yokugqilazeka wezinzalamizi - kusenzima ifomu ethambile zokuxhashazwa kuka Classic. Uma esimweni sokuqala, ubugqila base kuphela imodi eyengeziwe zokukhiqiza, ngenkathi yokugqilazeka classical, kwaba injini main ukushayela komnotho.

Okwamanje, bonke izinhlobo zobugqila kubhekwe njengokungekho emthethweni futhi kwezomnotho ukungasebenzi kahle.