I uhambo lokuqala nelesibili Batu Rus

Emlandweni ezizweni zonke kuyoba nezikhathi ukuchuma okusezingeni eliphezulu nezikhathi yokwehla. ERussia kwaba okufanayo. Ukufinyelela Abantu Abakhuluma yokuchuma ngaphansi uVladimir Elikhulu, Yaroslav the Hlakaniphile futhi uVladimir Monomakh, izwe lusobishini internecine izimpi isihlalo sobukhosi Kiev. kwakukhona izikhulu eziningi kakhulu, kodwa zobukhosi zazisekhona ayindlala. Ukuthi abantwana nabazukulu balwa bodwa, nabafowabo omalume, futhi isimo ngeke kuphela ulahlekelwe. Akumangalisi ukuthi Batu kuyiwe eRussia, okuyinto wawa nje ngaleso sikhathi, kwaba yimpumelelo ngakho. Kwakukhona hhayi kuphela ubunye phakathi principalities, kodwa-ke bethanda basizane. Amadolobha buthaka: izindonga kwakungafanele esimweni esihle, imali, okuyinto ayifuna ngabomvu entula, futhi professional amasosha-zamasosha kwakungenele. Lokho kwadingeka sikuvikele izakhamuzi ezivamile, kulabo abangakaze labetibambile ezandleni isikhali, futhi ulwazi isu lempi kanye amaqhinga bamane lalahlekelwa imizi yabo.

Ezinye izizathu kokunqotshwa Russia

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwakukhona nezinye izizathu kokunqotshwa Russia. Batu kuyiwe Russia azange lwenteke angesabi, base bekulu- ngokucophelela futhi ucabangé. Selokhu izinsuku uGenghis Khan, umlawuli edume of ekujuleni Asia, scouts batshelwa ukuthi ubukhulu Russian ocebile kakhulu, futhi kuzothatha kubo ngempela kalula. Ngenxa kwesimo endaweni sisebenza ngokuvamile kubhekwa umkhankaso ukuthi saphela Battle of the River Kalka. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ibutho Mongol-Tatar sasinamandla kakhulu, nokuyala yensimbi nokulalela imuphi umyalo umlawuli neqhaza ekuphumeleleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuthumbeni eChina, yangihlupha nakakhulu zidlamlilo baye abanazo isihambile ubuchwepheshe ezempi kanye imishini lokuvimbezela, okuyinto yayingatholakali lapho kuphela ngaleso sikhathi.

ayehlasela-Mongolian (dlala)

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwakukhona amabili izinkathi amaMongol ahlasele. Lo mkhankaso wokuqala Batu eRussia wawuqala 1237 by 1238. Phakathi zidlamlilo yakhe yanqoba Ryazan futhi uVladimir-Suzdal ubukhulu waphendukela Novgorod, kodwa akazange afinyelele kuye, babuyela emuva. Ngaphambi ukuthi babamba le Bulgaria iVolga. Lo mkhankaso wesibili ka Batu neRussia kungenziwa kanje: I-inkathi iminyaka 1239-1240 wathumba Kiev, uVladimir-naseVolyn ubukhulu waqhubeka Europe. Nokho, amaMongol-AmaTatar alindele onqobayo okusheshayo ngaphezulu, kodwa ukumelana lulunya. Lost eziningi amandla, Khan akakwazanga ukuya lokugcina Sea Western njengoba kuhlosiwe, ngisaphinda emuva.

Conquest of Northern Russia. Ukuthatha Ryazan

Lo mkhankaso wokuqala Batu eRussia sasifana umshudo kusukela blue. Yiqiniso, izidlamlilo ze-Russian wakhumbula impi Kalka, ukwazi ukuthi amaMongol - Umphikisi yingozi, kodwa wayenethemba lokuthi akwazi ukuhlula kwakhe uma onesibindi sondela them. ukufa zikaGenghis Khan kwaphoqa ekuqaleni umkhankaso okukhulu empini, kodwa esenze sakwazi ukwandisa amandla. Amadodana umkhuzi yanqoba North China, iVolga Bulgaria, ngokujoyina Polovtsian ibutho (Kipchaks). Ngo-December 1237 lezi zidlamlilo, breaking iVolga, besondela kakhulu kuze kube semngceleni we Ryazan ubukhulu. Batu Ngabamba ukunqoba lomthelo, kodwa basabela abukhali. Ryazan bacela usizo ezinye izikhulu isiRashiya, kodwa abazitholanga ke. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu zokuvimbezela evuthayo inhlokodolobha wawa, futhi bawubhubhisa phansi. Zabulawa ezehlela ezweni Ryazan.

Busting uVladimir ubukhulu. Battle of the River Sit

Kodwa umkhankaso we Batu Khan eRussia baqhubeka. Army bamasha phezu uVladimir ubukhulu. Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich uthumele squad ka Kolomna, wafike washonela khona. Ngemuva kokuwa Kolomna, eMoscow, inhloko-dolobha Vladimir. Ekuqaleni 1238 emashalofini izikhulu ababebuthene bagcina anqotshwa Ayihlale emfuleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho ukuvukelwa ngobudlova amaMongol wanika Torzhok bahlasela amasonto amabili, futhi Kozelsk ezathatha ngemva kwesonto lesikhombisa lokuvimbezela. Sesaba ukuthi maduzane uzoqala igcwale amanzi eqhweni, Khan ngaphambilini ukuba ngibuyele emuva ngingahambi engakafiki izindonga Novgorod ngamakhilomitha engamakhulu kuphela away. Nakuba, kufanele kuphawulwe, ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi Novgorod ocebile ezothengwa amaMongol, ngakho lingenyuswanga. Futhi kukhona inguqulo Batu Khan no-Aleksandru saseNevsky - eyodwa kanye nomuntu ofanayo. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi kwaba emzini Novgorod, ayizange niwuchithe.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kodwa kulo mkhankaso wokuqala Batu Khan eRussia iphelile. Zidlamlilo lihambe liye elizweni Polovtsian ukhotha emanceba abo futhi abuthele amandla ezingaba khona zokushaywa entsha.

Eyesibili amaMongol ahlasele

Entwasahlobo ka-1239 kwaqala umkhankaso Batu ku neningizimu yeRussia. Ngo-March, amaMongol babethathe Pereyaslavl, ngo-Okthoba - emzini Chernihiv. Ngemva kwakhe, e 1240 zidlamlilo evimbezela Kiev, inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, nenhloko-dolobha yalo. Khona-ke Baty iyiswe West, eye athumba Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu, yahlasela iPoland futhi Hungary, wafika ogwini Adriatic Sea. Mhlawumbe umkhankaso wesibili Batu eRussia lokhu kwakungeke kuphele, kodwa sekufika izindaba zokuthi ukufa Kagan. Efuna iqhaza Kurultai, okuyinto kwadingeka akhethe umholi omusha we amaMongol, umzukulu zikaGenghis Khan babuyela asemaqeleni. Qoqa namandla futhi ukuze emikhulu emkhankasweni wempi zidlamlilo enjalo kakade kuhlulekile. Ngakho-Europe uselokhu isetshenzwe, Russia ithathe yigalelo elinzima, nokunye aguga isitha.

Ukuthatha Kiev

Batu lweminyaka eRussia ayikwazi kuchazwe kafushane. idolobha ngalinye nizabalaze okusemandleni, kodwa amabutho ukungalingani. Emibhalweni yaminyaka uchaza wenqaba nobuqhawe Russian, owalwa iconsi lokugcina kwegazi. Nakhu ukuthi ukusho mayelana nokuthatha igolide oluyingungu Kiev lasendulo imithombo.

Ngaleso sikhathi umuzi kwakungekaNkulunkulu Daniilu Galitskomu, kodwa isikhulu wayengekho ke. Warriors elaliholwa Voevoda Dmitry. Njengenjwayelo, Batu Ngabamba ukunqoba lomthelo, ethembisa Uxolele zonke abavikeli, kodwa Kiev wala waziphindiselela abahlaseli. Ukusebenzisa nezinqama enamandla, amaMongol bangena emzini, ukusunduza abantu. abameli kwakamuva babuthana Detinets, ukwakha udonga entsha ukuzivikela. Kodwa umugqa sathathwa. Kiev izakhamuzi bahlangana Church of the Okweshumi, nakho ziwile, ekubeni lethuna ukuze Patriots. Wounded, okumenza umbusi uyaphila kwaholela Khan Batu wamxolela ngoba ubuqhawe bakhe. Lokhu umusa eyayisetshenziswa kabanzi kusukela ezinsukwini amaMongol of Genghis Khan. Kamuva, Dmitry waba nengxenye nemikhankaso izindimbane eYurophu.

imiphumela umkhankaso

Batu kuyiwe Russia, kokubili kuqala, futhi eyesibili ilethe usizi kuleli zwe. Ubukhulu babhujiswa, zishe, abantu abafa noma ezebiwe ekuthunjweni. Kwezinye ye izenzakalo, okuyinto olunezinombolo 74, 49 ezibhujisiwe. Nane babo abaye bahluleka ukuba uhlole futhi emuva ekuphileni. Phakathi ayehlasela ulwazi, ngakho-ke, wayeka kwalahleka ukwakhiwa itshe, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma glassware futhi iwindi ingilazi, Cloisonné koqweqwe lwawo. Killing inqwaba sezikhulu iqembu elibusayo, leliqembu labaqaphi bokuzibeka, kukhuphuke ithonya izigaba ze-non-elibusisekile umphakathi. ERussia waqala nokwehla kwezomnotho, ngakho nokucekelwa ukwenza izinhlangano zamasiko nezombusazwe, eyathatha iminyaka eminingi.

I-Mysteries of umlando

Kodwa kukhona esinye umbono komlando, omunye ukuhlola ukuthi lezo zenzakalo zenzeka. Yiqiniso, Uhambo eRussia Batu lutho oluhle nakabuya anganawo. Nokho, abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi amaMongol babengenalo ezinzima njengoba bachazwa mlando. Yiqiniso, bona bangabantwana baka-isikhathi sakhe, ngakho-ke baphoqeleka ukuba alwe ukuze siphile ngezindlela ezazitholakala. Baye bangabaza inani abahlaseli. Uma Baty nezinye izikhulu kwaholela multimillion impi, amahhashi nje bekungeke kube nokudla okwanele. Mystery Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kungani emadolobheni amancane (Kolomna, Torzhok Kozelsk) wakwazi ukugcina ekuvinjezelweni eside, kuyilapho inhloko-dolobha ubukhulu nge izindonga zawo omkhulu athathwa kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Futhi kungani abantu abayimizulane kusukela empumalanga kudingeka lezi nemizana amancane abangenathuba ukubaluleka amasu? Kungani amaMongol aphambuka Novgorod, ukujula okuyinto ezinganekwaneni? Kungani ukuya Smolensk? Scared? Kodwa kwakungafanele abanamahloni! Kodwa le mibuzo engaphenduliwe kuze kube manje.