Romanov lwamakhosi: nokubusa. Zonke tsars Russian we Romanov lwamakhosi

Kuleminyaka 300-lingalingani neminyaka autocracy eRussia kwathiwa kuhlobane ngokuqondile Romanov lwamakhosi. Bakwazi ukuthola ukusizakala sobukhosi ezinsukwini we Nezinkinga. Ukuvela ngasikhathi sinye phezu sezombusazwe we lwamakhosi entsha umcimbi ngobukhulu emphilweni kunoma isiphi isimo. Ngokuvamile, kuhambisana ukuguquka ngendlovula kombuso noma inguqula-mbuso, kodwa noma kunjalo yokushintsha kwamandla ehoshelwe ukususwa elidala amandla elite ngenkani.

prehistory

ERussia, ukuvela lohlanga olusha lwamakhosi kwakubangelwa yokuthi legatsha Rurik Ngahlukana emadodaneni ka ukufa u-Ivan IV the Kubi. Lokhu eziyimbangela kuleli zwe idale hhayi kuphela esimweni esibucayi ngokujulile zezombusazwe, kodwa futhi nomphakathi. Ekugcineni lokhu kwaholela yokuthi ezindabeni isimo babé abezinye izizwe ukugxambukela.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunanini ngaphambili emlandweni Russia hhayi zishintshile ababusi kaningi, okuholela lohlanga olusha lwamakhosi, ngemva kokufa Ivan le Kubi. Ngalezo zinsuku, kwabulala sobukhosi hhayi kuphela elite, kodwa futhi nezinye kwezakhi nomphakathi. Abezinye Izizwe nabo baye bazama ukuba angenelele odabeni emzabalazweni.

Phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi enye ngemva kwenye inzalo ka Rurik uvele umuntu Vasiliya Shuyskogo (1606-1610), abamele yezikhulu angenasihloko eliholwa Boris Godunov (1597-1605), bonke abakhohlisi - Amanga Dmitry mina (1605-1606) kanye Amanga Dmitry II (1607- 1610). Kodwa akekho kubo abazange ukuphatha ukuhlala amandla isikhathi eside. Kwaze kwaba 1613, baye akukafiki le tsars Russian we Romanov lwamakhosi.

umsuka

Ngokushesha kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lolu hlobo njengoba enjalo wasuka Zahareva. Kodwa Romanovs - igama akuyona ngempela kuyiqiniso. Lolu shintsho lwaqala ngesikhathi yokuthi uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Filaret, t. E. Zaharev Fedor Nikolaevich, wanquma ukushintsha igama lakhe. Báqondiswa yokuthi uyise wayeyi Nikita Romanovich, noyisemkhulu - Roman Yurevich wakhuphuka nge isibongo "Romanov". Ngakho uhlanga wanikezwa igama elisha okumele asetshenziswe abantu ngokuyisimangaliso esikhathini sethu.

Romanov lwamakhosi (wabusa 1613-1917) owaqala ngokuvukela Mikhail Fedorovich. Ngemva kokuba ethathe ubukhosi Alexei Mikhailovich, wethiwa ngabantu "ezithule". Kwabe uTheodore A .. Khona-ke indlovukazi UZandile Alekseevna imithetho kanye Ivan V Alekseevich.

Phakathi nokubusa Peter I - e 1721 - isimo ngilunge ngokuphelele futhi baba uMbuso Russian. AmaKhosi Ngishoné ishabalale. Manje lo mbusi waba umbusi. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange-19 Russian Romanov wanika ababusi. Phakathi kwabo - 5 abesifazane. Nasi ithebula elibonisa ngokucacile zonke Romanov lwamakhosi, kanye nokubusa iziqu.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, esihlalweni sobukhosi matasa futhi ngezinye izikhathi abesifazane. Kodwa uhulumeni Paul ngaphumelela umthetho ukuthi isihloko emperor manje baphathe yindlalifa ngqo inani lamadoda kuphela. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, akekho umuntu wesifazane akabange esaba ephakama sobukhosi.

Romanov Dynasty, phakathi nokubusa ukuthi kuza hhayi kuthule njalo, ngisho 1856, wathola isibonakaliso yayo esemthethweni. It ubonisa eliyifa nenqe e ngezidladla tharch negolide inkemba. Emaphethelweni ahlotshiswe elingenamikhono izingalo eziyisishiyagalombili amakhanda elinqunywe wezingonyama.

The Last Emperor

Ngo-1917, iziphathimandla kuleli zwe ashaqe amaBolshevik, ngubani egumbuqela uhulumeni. UMbusi waseRussia uNicholas II kwaba owokugcina Romanov lwamakhosi. Wanikwa isidlaliso "Bloody" ngenxa yokuthi phakathi ezimbili nokuvukela kwanoma 1905 futhi 1917 izinkulungwane zakhe zabantu zabulawa ngomyalo.

Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi umbusi wokugcina kwaba umbusi imnene, ngakho ngenza amaphutha athile esingenakuthethelelwa, kokubili Inqubomgomo ezifuywayo angaphandle. Baye okwaholela ukuthi isimo ezweni isidluliselwe mkhawulo. Ukwehluleka eJapane, futhi kamuva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kanzima babungonakala igunya Umbusi wonke umkhaya wasebukhosini.

Ngo-1917, umkhaya wasebukhosini ngobusuku 17 Julayi, ezazihlanganisa, ngaphezu umbusi nomkakhe, futhi unezingane ezinhlanu, udutshulwe amaBolshevik. Khona-ke ukufa kanye indlalifa okuwukuphela kwayo yesihlalo sobukhosi Russian - indodana encane uNicholas, Alex.

isikhathi sethu

Romanovs - kuyinto umndeni boyar lasendulo ukuthi wanika Russia lwamakhosi olukhulu amakhosi nababusi kamuva. Ayebusa isimo iminyaka kancane abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu, kusukela ngekhulu XVI. Romanov Dynasty, phakathi nokubusa okwaphela ne eza emandleni amaBolshevik, kuphazamisekile, kodwa amagatsha amaningana lolu hlobo ezikhona namuhla. Bonke abahlala phesheya. Babalelwa ku-200 babo babe izihloko ezahlukene, kodwa ayikho uzokwazi ukuthatha isihlalo sobukhosi, ngisho noma ukubuyiselwa ohlanga.