-Merchant - akusiyo onjalo umsebenzi lasendulo njengoba yiphisi, kodwa namanje ngempela umsebenzi ubudala emkhakheni ibhizinisi, okusho nemisebenti lehlose ehlelekile ukuzuza ukuhweba.
legumbi
Rus balo babeyizikhulu kakade ekhulwini IX. Ngaleso sikhathi, endaweni yomcebo isimo yagcwala inkokhiso ikakhulukazi ngenxa ekhokhwa abantu benqoba. Isihloko sesibili ngidayisa engenayo. Libuye injini yenqubekela phambili. Amadolobha ezakhiwa ikakhulu emifuleni, wakhonza njengephayona imizila yezohwebo. Ngokusho umlando amaSkithe wayengelawo-ke amanye imigwaqo. amadolobha asogwini baba eziyinxanxathela kuqala, bese izikebhe ithuthukiswe kubo. Ngo Rus lasendulo 'umthengisi - akusiyo nje abadayisi. Athanasius Nikitin, isikhumbuzo okuyinto ukufakwa Tver, ezweni lakubo, futhi kwaba isihambi omkhulu, ababehambe "Ngale amathathu iziLwandle" futhi owathola, futhi ohlakaniphile. Umdlali odumile edume yomthengisi Novgorod Sadko futhi wasebenzisa ukuya ngaphansi kolwandle.
imizila yezohwebo
Siyabonga ukuba ngenanise nabameleli abathengisi yakhe Kwatholakala imizila kangaka ukuhweba, njengoba "kusuka amaViking namaGreki", "Omkhulu Silk Road", okuthiwa "kwakuphambana impucuko", "i-Milky Way", edumile "Impepho Umzila", uwela eNhlonhlweni ye-Arabhiya, futhi nabanye abaningi. abathengisi Russian babeyizikhulu, baphoqwa ukuba ngandlela-thile balahle ngokweqile inkokhiso zemvelo noma ukonga imali, usisebenzisa ku curiosities kwezilwandle. -Merchant - ukuthi Informant abakhulu ngalezo zinsuku, "Kulungile eh kwezilwandle il ezimbi? Futhi lokho ekukhanyeni isimangaliso "-? Neyaziwayo kuphela ngabameli lo msebenzi enezici.
kwekuhlela kabusha kaPetru wathinta zonke
Lo msebenzi kwaba yomthengisi ihlonishwa khona izindlu ebalulekile sonke isikhathi. On ibhizinisi commercial legends Russian. umthengisi izindlu Old ngokuvamile basisize isimo. I Stroganovs abacebe wathola emazweni amasha, ukwakha izimboni, amathempeli bazakha. Ezinye izifundo zomlando ziphakamisa ukuthi uPetru mina wahlasela abathengisi, kwashona izinhlobo eziningi yezandla isiRashiya, wayemthanda futhi abathengisi asekelwe. Ikosi uSolomoni yenza bonyana guqula okuholela ifomu endala inhlangano "amakhulukhulu" abathengisi 'waqedwa, futhi kwangena inhlangano. Kwakumelwe lihle noma libi, kodwa umthengisi awuzange elahlekile.
Avundile namahle
Abathengisi athuthukiswe futhi aqiniswe yiseluleko ekuqhubeni msebenzi, abamele engcono yale dosluzhivalis ekilasini ngaphambi ukwabela ukuba izikhulu ze-Merit ekhethekile. Ngokwesibonelo, Rukovishnikova. lwamakhosi eMoscow wasungula umkhaya ihloniphekile futhi iletha Ivan Vasilyevich (1843-1901) wasukuma ukuze elisezingeni azitshelwa iKhansela. lwamakhosi Novgorod, ogama umsunguli kwaba umlimi namasu, kakade kwesizukulwane sesithathu waqala ukuba nibe ngabakaJesu ephezulu. IsiQubulo alo mkhaya kwakubhalwe amazwi athi "izisulu futhi sivikelwe." I Kungashiwo okufanayo inombolo ezinhle kakhulu osomabhizinisi Russian. Kulesi simo sengqondo ekhethekile abadayisi yasekhaya. umthengisi Russian - ezimweni eziningi lo umsizi kanye nomvikeli. Amagama enkulu abashisekeli, abathengisi, inkumbulo, wabashiya endaweni ekhethekile emlandweni Russian. Ngubani akazi umthengisi Tretyakov, umsunguli gallery art egameni lakhe. Noma ubani ngisho kancane bajwayelane umlando Russia, ukwazi amagama nezenzo abameleli engcono yale ekilasini - Mammoth futhi Morozov (edume Savva Morozov) Naydenova futhi Botkins, Shchukin futhi Prokhorov. Inani elikhulu izibhedlela, esiza abantulayo izindlu, amathiyetha imitapo zakhiwa Russian abathengisi izimali.
Izithombe emihle nemibi
Nokho, ezincwadini Russian kunalokho umfanekiso ongemuhle umthengisi. kudlala Abaningi ngu Ostrovsky chwaneka yomthengisi imvelo, futhi umthengisi - kuba kunalokho a elinamandla ngobuqili kuka abafundile Umuntu ophanayo. abathengisi Kustodievskie futhi umthengisi epitomize lokho wakloloda ngokuthi "umthengisi ukunambitheka." Ukwengeza umfanekiso ongemuhle izici Izibuyekezo nabezizwe. Kule ndaba, siphawula ukuthi Russian, zazo bakwamanye amazwe basabela kahle, ukwenza okuncane kakhulu. umbono wabo akafanele. Abalobi abaningi abadumile bahlekisa bathengisi. Kodwa Kalashnikov Lermontov ezinhle kakhulu. Yagxila izici best of the abathengisi - ukwethembeka, ubuqotho, isibindi, nokuzimisela ukuphila kwabo ngenxa yegama elihle kothandekayo. Kwakukhona, yebo, kule ndawo, futhi bakhohlisi. Futhi esimweni lapho bengayi? Futhi ngaleso sikhathi, abahwebi, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, yahlukaniswa inhlangano. By "ngxenye yesithathu" Ingahlanganisa noma yiziphi abantu imithwalo yakhe dolobha elincane (ruble 500). Kodwa abahwebi abacebile Russian abahlala emehlweni abo bonke, cabanga mayelana nomkhiqizo wabo, abaningi kubo okuyizingane akasho lutho olutheni abantu ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza futhi uthembekile, futhi fanatically ngokwethembeka. "Igama elithi umthengisi" - hhayi inganekwane. Yiqiniso, akubona bonke ukuthenga waphetha ngamazwi kuphela. Kodwa nanti izwi umthengisi ukugcina Friend, kungenjalo akubi yetinsita ngomqondo ezinhle zezwi.