Ifomethi lomsindo: izinhlobo nezincazelo

Njengomthetho, namuhla igama elithi "okulalelwayo" lumiswa konke ehlangene umsindo, kungaba idlala, ukuhlela, ukuxuba, lapho usukwazi ukudlala kahle, noma ukulalela izinto eziqoshiwe. Kodwa abaningi abazi ukuthi ifomethi yomsindo kusukela buqala iye njalo othola izinguquko eziningi eziphawulekayo okungcono ke okubi. Inkinga ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangu ifomethi kokuqala, abadali ifomethi omusha baye bazama ukuthuthukisa izinga sound, okuyinto njalo abathintekayo usayizi wefayela lidlalwa. Ukunciphisa usayizi, kunalokho, kuholele ekulahlekelweni izinga. Kodwa kwakungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ifomethi kuqala umsindo imidlalo ye-computer

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala kakhulu umsindo ikhompyutha babevela ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane bakudala ngesikhathi imidlalo lapho umsindo ivezwa ngu Dynamics of the system. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi onjiniyela software efana (software), lelikahle, iyahambisana esondweni noma ikhasethi abalobi noma uzama abadlali vinyl amarekhodi, futhi akazange ukuphatha ukufeza.

Yingakho abakhiqizi abaningi baye bafuna izixazululo, kanjani ukushintsha ifomethi yomsindo, umsindo wemvelo. Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, lokhu kwaholela mncintiswano okwengeziwe, esinakho manje. Lokhu akusebenzi nje kuphela ezintweni lidlalwa, kodwa futhi studio umsindo, ukusebenza "bukhoma", izinga noma izilungiselelo eziyisisekelo ngokuya ulwazi physics, umsindo, nokunye. D.

Ukuvela WAV format

Kukholakala ukuthi esigcwele izinga audio amafomethi kuqala kuye kwahlotshaniswa ukuvela ukunwetshwa ejwayelekile amafayela .WAV (ukuncipha okukhulu kangaka kususelwe igama lesiNgisi 'azulise "noma igagasi). Noma kunjalo, waba izibulo, okungase lusetshenzwe uhlelo lwekhompyutha emsebenzini.

Amafayili anje wayevele izici zayo siqu: lesampuli, ukujula alalelwayo, bit, nokuningi. Lokhu umsindo kwaba ngisho iyahambisana yini yayingatholakala ngemva ukucutshungulwa komsindo ezivamile CD usebenzisa amathuluzi eqondiwe njengokulanda sabenza balingana abantu abavamile. Kodwa usayizi kwaba Kuyabonakala ukuthi ayinangqondo. Ngokwesibonelo, ingoma imizuzu emithathu Wawuthatha kusukela MB 20 kuya 50.

CD-disk

Ifomethi i-CD alalelwayo, noma kunalokho, .cda ukunwetshwa, uvele cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Ngokungafani 'azulise "amafayela agcinwe kwi drive kanzima, ke ayikwazi ukuhlelwa. Namuhla-ke angavulwa e umsindo kuhlelo lokucubungula, ukushintsha umsindo ikhodi format bese ugcine kunoma iyiphi indawo ngaphandle-CD-ROM.

MP3 ikhodekhi

With ukuvela ngekhodekhi izinyonga MP3 Encoder umculo umkhakha sihlangabezane ukushaqeka real, ngoba "nesisindo" la mafayela lingaphansi ngokuphindwe kayishumi ifayela efanayo WAV. Ngisho ingoma zemizuzu emihlanu ngesikhathi kokucindezelwa esiphezulu akuvamile idlule usayizi 5-7 MB. Ngiyavuma, intuthuko enkulu, ingasaphathwa Eqinisweni ukuthi la mafayela avunyelwe hhayi kuphela ukulungisa izici ezingenhla, kodwa futhi abanye imingcele engeziwe ngesimo ID3-tags, okuyinto aqukethe ulwazi, isibonelo, umculi, albhamu futhi ulandelele izihloko, idethi.

Ifomethi amafayela alalelwayo yalolu hlobo babé ethandwa kakhulu. Bheka, bacishe bayifunda yonke Inthanethi wagcwala lokhu format jikelele. Ngokuvamile, singasho ukuthi ifomethi yomsindo MP3 ube revolution kweqiniso e umsindo. Uhlala omunye ethandwa kakhulu futhi iningi wafuna kuze kube manje, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayezomvusa esikhundleni ezinye izinhlobo zomsindo. Kodwa sizokhuluma ngalokho kamuva.

amafayela AIFF

ifomethi lomsindo kukhona kwezinhlobo. Okubizwa ngokuthi format .aiff ekuqaleni umuntu wadalwa ukusetshenziswa kukhompyutha Macintosh.

Kuphela kakhulu kamuva kwaba ukuguqulwa predetermined alalelwayo ifomethi iyahambisana ukusetshenziswa yazo ezisekelweni, ezingafani wokusebenza.

ifomethi Ogg

Umculo e umsindo .ogg format Kuvamile futhi ngempela. Le ndinganiso yasungulwa ngu Vorbis. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi unakho ezithile ezingathandeki abalulekile. Okokuqala, kuba umthwalo engenabulungisa ku izinsiza kohlelo computer, naphezu ubukhulu ubuncane. Okwesibili, zisebenzisa amakhodekhi akho kanye decoders, okuyinto uhlelo ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi azikwazi ukufakwa. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho besebenza FL Studio Uhlelo Producer Yezikhombo (noma XXL) izinguqulo ngezansi 9.xx kwadingeka ifolda equkethe ifayela ukufakwa ngefomethi .inf, okuye kwadingeka ukuthi isebenze ukufakwa emva ukufakwa isicelo main ngesandla (uma kungenjalo preset ngefomethi esinjalo neze kudlalwa out).

Nokho manje ifomethi yomsindo yale uhlobo zitholakala, nomsindo ngokwayo luluhle kakhulu.

AMR ejwayelekile

Kepha ifomethi, mhlawumbe kakhulu ephansi brow. umsuka wayo ehlangene Clumsy omakhalekhukhwini lokuqala, okuyizinto namanje abakwazi ukusungula Ihubo usocingweni .mp3 format.

AMR Khona-ke ngangingase esikhundleni ngisho umsindo wemvelo nge ukulahlekelwa ezithile ukwabelana izinga. Kodwa le mfanelo ayikhona isifaniso wanikela ngaphezulu ifomethi 'eziphambili ".

MIDI

Okudidayo ukuthi, MIDI kungabuye isibaluli kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "nezakhiwo audio." Nakuba-ke ubhekwa (futhi abaningi, eqinisweni, cabanga ngakho namanje) ukuthi uhlelo MIDI nje iqoqo imiyalelo, lena debatable. Sokuqonda izifinyezo MIDI - Lokhu izinsimbi zomculo Digital Interface. Empeleni, lesi simiso ukuqopha nokuhlela ezinye izinhlobo zedatha okhiye, ikolitayi tempo, ukhiye, imiphumela, njalo njalo. D.

Noma kunjalo, kukhona ngamafayela isandiso .mid noma .midi, okuyinto impela nje kabusha sequencers yesimanje noma studio izinhlelo ukuqoshwa usebenzisa isethi esezingeni umsindo format GM (Jikelele we-MIDI), GS (into efanayo) by Roland inkampani noma XG (enwetshiwe MIDI) kusukela Yamaha Corporation. Esikhathini sokuqala amasethi amabili, kukhona standard 128 imisindo, singabali imiphumela, wesithathu - ngokuphindwe kathathu okungako.

FLAC

Manje siza ngeyodwa yamafomethi yesimanje kakhulu futhi eyingqayizivele namuhla. Umculo ku-FLAC ifomethi yomsindo namuhla isiba kwande. Lokhu kungenxa izinga ngawo kweqiniso bomculo banake, okokuqala.

Uma ubheka, lokhu format yayisekelwe MP3 ayesevele aziwa. Yilokho kuphela uma lisetshenziswe ngaphambilini ukusatshalaliswa angawodwana, lena akuyona ngesakhiwo ezifana (kuze kube isikhathi esithile). Lesi sakhiwo amafayela esisodwa noma ezimbili, enye yazo kuyinto ulwazi. Dlala le format ungakwazi kuphela ezikhethekile abadlali umsindo software. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kusengathiwa AIMP. Kuphela uma uma uvula ifayela esikhulu, futhi kukhona uhlu amathrekhi ezilotshwe isitsha esikhulu. Lokhu inkinobho umdlali phakathi kwamathrekhi senziwa ngendlela efanayo njengoba kunoma iyiphi enye. Kodwa akukho amathuba ukususwa ngephutha Ukwakheka ethile (njengoba sekushiwo, ulwazi kubo kuqukethwe uhele).

ifomethi Ihambisana

Njengokulindelekile, bonke ifomethi yomsindo namuhla iyahambisana nomunye. Ngamanye amazwi, yimuphi DVD ekhaya-player noma umdlali isofthiwe ejwayelekile okubhekana nayo kalula. Kuyefana nasendleleni umsindo processing izinhlelo. izinhlelo Semi-professional professional ukuqaphela zonke izinhlobo zamafayela ezaziwayo kuze kube manje (yize imininingwane wokusebenza). umhleli lomsindo, sequencers, amamojulu, ezifana VST, RTAS (-Windows izinhlelo), noma-AU (i-Mac OS X) bayakwazi ukusebenza izakhiwo ezifana endaweni okuthiwa operation cross-platform.

ifomethi Ukuguqulwa

Hlela umsindo ngezindlela eziningana. Ngokwesibonelo, ungakwazi ukuvula "bomdabu" format, bese ugcine ifayela kwenye. Ungenza kube lula. Ngenxa yalesi kukhona converters ekhethekile. Abakwazi nje ukulanda kusuka uhlu oyifunayo kokuqala ifomethi yefayela, bese uyakhetha nje kokuphela. Njengoba isisho sibonisa, nje into siqu.

izinga umsindo ukucutshungulwa

Enye into, uma kuziwa ukuguqula eminye imvamisa wefayela umthombo. Lapha ngaphandle ezikhethekile amaphasela software ongakwazi ukuzenza. Ngosizo lwabo, futhi ungakwazi ukushintsha izinga amafayela alalelwayo. Ngakho kungenzeka ukushintsha hhayi kuphela standard izibonelo zalokho ngesilinganiso 44100 Hz ngokwandisa ke, bathi, kuze 96.000 Hz, kodwa futhi zangisiza ekwenzeni ukulungiselelwa ukujula efanayo 16 kuya 24 noma 32 izingcezu. Futhi lapha asikhulumi mayelana lokuthi ungalungisa -bitrate nokuningi, okungukuthi, reproducible komkhawulokudonsa umthamo, obonakaliswe kilobits ngomzuzwana. Inani ezenzakalelayo ubhekwa 128 kbit / s. Izinga kancane kungashintshwa uwedwa, kodwa ikhwalithi yomsindo ehamba phambili kufinyelelwa ngezithuba 320 kbit / s. Yiqiniso, akuwona wonke umuntu uyakwazi ukutshela umehluko phakathi ejwayelekile futhi esiphezulu wadalula umsindo izici. Noma kunjalo, kuwufanele ukuzama kanye ukudlala emuva ithrekhi yomsindo ngedatha ezahlukene imishini ezinhle. Lapha umehluko ngokwayo ngeke bathathe isikhathi eside.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu zonke lezi nemingcele kungenziwa ukuhlelwa, nokuningi. Lokho kuphela ukusetshenziswa equalizers isofthiwe, limiters, compressors, crossovers, normalayzer, De-Esser, nokunye. D., Njalo njalo. N. module ngayinye ikuvumela ukulungisa umsindo, njengoba besho, "ngokwalo." Futhi ngokuphelele zonke izinhlobo zamafayela ezaziwayo kuze kube manje, uhlelo lolu hlobo futhi kungenziwa kusetshenzwe.

Ukuqhathanisa kokugcina

Ake sizame ukwenza ukuba siziqhathanise nazo phakathi ngetakhiwo esetshenziswa (nakuba lokhu akuyona yonke kukhona emhlabeni umsindo).

Ngakho! WAV format, nakuba "heavyweights", ingasetshenziswa namanje njengoba amafayela Lesisemkhatsini ngesikhathi okwalandela ukuguqulela ezinye audioreaktorah. Izakhiwo yalolu hlobo amafayela alalelwayo ngokuvamile ukwethula kulondolozwa amaphrojekthi evulekile noma lapho ebhala umbhalo ogcinwayo amathuluzi bukhoma in the studio. Kuyacaca ukuthi sequencer ke icubungula ulwazi engenayo ngesimo i komsindo. Futhi ke ukushintsha ifayela ifomethi yomsindo noma ukugcine njengelungelo esethiwe, noma ukulandelela kungaba noma yini oyithandayo.

Izakhiwo ezifana CD alalelwayo manje futhi asihlobene. Uma thina acabangele AIFF, noma Ogg, basuke arcade esetshenziswa studios ebonakalayo. Awunayo ukukhuluma mayelana AMR format. MIDI kuyinto abaculi ewusizo kuphela abakwaziyo yijaji ezinhle.

Kukholakala ukuthi namuhla okungcono ifomethi yomsindo - kusenzima FLAC. Ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi nabaculi, akusiyo nje kakhulu 'eziphambili ", kodwa ngisho wamavukelambuso uma ziqhathaniswa nalezo ezazikhona noma ukhona namuhla.

Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi i-MP3 kusukela akhawunti ngeke kabusha, ngoba cishe sonke umsindo efihlekile kuma okufanayo DVD-ROM noma MKV-fayela ngalesi sakhiwo. Okuwukuphela umehluko version codec kanye isiqophi semithombo. Kodwa futhi nihlabe nevidiyo umkhakha sokugcwaliseka kwaso akemi namanje. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ngokushesha siyobona kakhudlwana futhi into entsha.