Nedatha

With ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe bama-computer kushintsha njalo umbono wenhlangano idatha nemisebenzi yabo. Ikhompyutha unekhono ukugcina esiningi ulwazi kanye ukuphatha ke. Njengoba izindawo ngabanye idatha uma usebenzisa kubo indiva ngenxa lusizo yayo, idatha kubonakale kithi ucezu abstract engokoqobo. Ngokwesibonelo, siba uhlu umfundi ophumelele kwezinye izikole, uhlu sikhetha kumfundi othile, kuyothiwa ezibhaliwe mayelana ekilasini lakhe, kanye nokuhlola, lapho cishe ngokuqinisekile ngeke unikelwe imikhuba yakhe, noma wamehlo. Kunjalo-ke nangobufakazi idatha kwikhompyutha. Kunoma isiphi isimo, kudingeka ukhethe idatha eningi, okuyizinto inzuzo engokoqobo kithi. Khona-ke kudingeka ukhethe ukuthi ukumela le datha, njengoba kuzoncika amakhono isofthiwe yakho nekhompyutha.

Namuhla, kunezindawo izinhlobo ezahlukene zedatha. Banikezwe intuthuko njalo ubuchwepheshe bama-computer, kungaba manje ingasetshenziswa njengendlela idatha ezivamile akusenjalo, nezinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi etholakala ngokuhlanganisa idatha elula.

Cabanga kabanzi izinhlobo zedatha. Esifundweni sezibalo, zokuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene amagugu, into efanayo eyenzeka izinhlelo. umsebenzi ngamunye, okuguquguqukayo, njalo noma nkulumo ibhekisela uhlobo oluthile. Yiziphi izinhlobo elula idatha? Okokuqala, - integers phezu okuyinto imisebenzi ejwayelekile engenziwa, ezifana kwalokho, ukuhlukana, njll Ngokungafani integers e izibalo, integers e computer science ube ububanzi yabo. Okwesibili, - izinombolo zangempela, phezu okuyinto engenziwa imisebenzi efanayo, kodwa zinembile akuyona kunowesifazane inani elilodwa isilungisiwe. Okwesithathu, kuba - idatha uhlamvu, okuyinto zihlelwe futhi ikhodi yezinombolo. Okwesine, kuba - amagugu ezincane, okuyinto nokwenzeka ukusebenza kwalokho kuphela. Okwesihlanu, kuba - the okunengqondo nedatha ezisethelwe "iqiniso" futhi "false", kweqiniso nokwamanga, ngokulandelana. Ekugcineni, kuba - izinhlobo ezichazwe umsebenzisi, okuyinto, isibonelo, kungafaka izinhlamvu nezinombolo in ezahlukene ezithile umsebenzisi.

Okungenhla izinhlobo idatha, obizwa ngokuthi i-elula, kulula ukubona, njengoba uhambisane nemigomo: 1 Igama - 1 inani. Manje sizokwenza ukuqonda ukuthi kuyinto ehleliwe izinhlobo idatha. Basuke kuchazwa ngunjiniyela hlelo. Kusobala ukuthi izenzo amakhono elilinganiselwe ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo, futhi ezihlukahlukene zesakhiwo amathuba ulimi azifani, kodwa eziningi izakhiwo ezisetshenziswa njengoba standard cishe zonke izilimi uHlelo. Lezi zinhlobo idatha ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka izimfuneko ezithile: ngaphambilini - disordered, eyohlobo - heterogeneous, static - ashukumisayo, ukufinyelela ngqo - ukufinyelela ezilandelanayo. Lezi zimpawu okuphambene kuphela ngaphakathi ngazimbili, bese kuba ingahlanganiswa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa okufakiwe, amafayela, amasethi, afanayo, kushe, kanye inhlangano ephethwe yisigungu sesonto of idatha. Kwezinye izimo, uhlelo ungakwazi ukuchaza ashukumisayo izakhiwo idatha, kanye inkumbulo eyabelwe abasindise ngqo ukusebenza uhlelo lokusebenza.

Esikhathini sethu, ukuthi ithole okwandile izinhlelo into-ngamakhasimende, okuyinto iqedwe ngokuphelele ukungqubuzana idatha kanye nohlelo. Njengoba sesibonile, kukhona izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zedatha, ukusetshenziswa okuyinto kuncike kuphela isimo samanje izifiso ngabanye. Ngala, ungakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, banayo amayunithi abo zokubukwa nezilinganiso amayunithi. Kodwa into eyinhloko ukuthi ngaphandle kwabo besingeke uhlezi nawe namuhla ikhompyutha, kanye nobuchwepheshe nje ukuma.