-Kuya Russian Asia Ephakathi. Umlando wadla Asia Ephakathi

iminyaka A ambalwa edlule kuze kube Revolution uMbuso Russian enwetshiwe kwemingcele yayo njalo. Ezinye izindawo bajoyinwa isinyathelo sezempi (iningi labo likwazi ukuboshwa nokuqaqwa abaphikisi), omunye - ngokuthula. Ngokwesibonelo, ukunamathela Central Asia Russia ibilokhu iwohloka kancane kancane futhi ngaphandle kwegazi. Iningi abantu bakula mazwe baye ngokwabo waphendukela Empire ngesaziso uwathatha. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi - Ukuvikelwa.

Ngalezo zinsuku, ensimini yase-Asia Ephakathi ngekhaya ukuze nezizwe eziningi feuding ayimizulane. Ukuze bazivikele ukuhlaselwa sesitha eqinile, kubalulekile ukuba acele ukusekela isimo esinamandla. Ngakho insimu kancane kancane wajoyina ezweni lethu. Babunjani ngokujoyina Central Asia eRussia? Ikakhulukazi amaqiniso kwalo ngokomlando kanye umfundi izofunda lesi sihloko.

Ukubaluleka komlando

Lokhu umcimbi ezingokomlando ezibalulekile, njengoba ukubusa silibangise eRussia eKazakhstan nase-Asia Ephakathi, kungahlolwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Uma uthi nhlá, kwaba ngokuyinhloko ekunqotshweni kulandele ukusungulwa umbuso semi wamakoloni. Nokho, amazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi futhi izizwe, ngokuyinhloko ampofu kuqhathaniswa baseYurophu, kwadingeka ithuba ukuthuthukisa kwezenhlalo nezomnotho, futhi ngesivinini ngesivinini esikhulu. Ubugqila, izisekelo zezinzalamizi, nobumpofu obubanzi nokuntuleka kobunye phakathi kwabantu izizwe esikhathini esidlule.

Njengoba sazi ukuthi ukubusa Asia Ephakathi

Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho nezamasiko ingxenye Asia Ephakathi ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso Russian Uhulumeni Russian iyahola. Umkhakha sidalwe kwakuyinto engacabangeki kule ndawo esibi ezolimo. Ezolimo nayo ngilunge futhi kangcono kakhulu. Ingasaphathwa ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda ngesimo izikole, izibhedlela imitapo. A amasiko endawo lwebantfu bemdzabu libhujiswa akekho futhi ncisheka cha nqanda ukuthi anikeza ugqozi ukuchuma obengeziwe kazwelonke ungubani kwamasiko kanye ukuhlanganiswa umphakathi. Kancane kancane Central Asia langena isikhala commercial Russian futhi babe hhayi satellite hhayi endaweni engayodwa kumephu, futhi ingxenye agcwele oqinile Russian Empire.

Qala yentuthuko amasimu amasha

Uyini umlando Central Asia eRussia? Uma ubheka amabalazwe akudala, umuntu angabona ukuthi umhlaba itholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga kusukela ezindaweni komngcele waseRussia tsarist. Lona-Asia Ephakathi. It osuka Tibet ezintabeni iCaspian Sea, kusukela emikhawulweni Iran futhi e-Afghanistan kuya eNingizimu Urals naseSiberia. Ngahlala khona abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu 5, okuyinto ngezindinganiso yesimanje incane kakhulu ukwedlula inani labantu iyiphi izihloko ezinkulu zomhlaba.

Ngokuya ukuthuthuka komnotho kanye nomphakathi ezizwe Asia Ephakathi zazihluke kakhulu nomunye. Umahluko omkhulu ngezindlela yokulima. Ezinye epha kambaphambili kuze nemfuyo, abanye - ezolimo, kanye nabanye - ukuhweba kanye yezandla ahlukahlukene. Ayikho umkhakha kwaba ingabonakali. Sabefundisi, ubugqila kanye nokucindezelwa izinduna, akhonze ngaphansi kwabo babe izinsika umphakathi emaqenjini Asia Ephakathi yobuhlanga.

Nasi geography

Ngaphambi ezibonakalayo Asia Ephakathi of the Empire, Russian saba sezingeni, baye ihlukaniswe ezindaweni ezintathu ezihlukene: i eBukhara Emirate, Kokand futhi Khiva Khanate. Kulapho ukuhweba kwachuma, okwenza eBukhara futhi Samarkand eziyinxanxathela kuso sonke isifunda. Manje Central Asia kuyinto ezinhlanu uthi eNgophezukonke. It Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan naseKazakhstan.

Imizamo ukusungula ubudlelwane angaphandle kwezomnotho nalezi ibanga kusuka izifunda Russian abangu kwenziwe engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XIX. Kodwa isinyathelo esiwujuqu elalingazange. Lokho konke kwashintsha lapho iBrithani kuhlelwe kwakuwukuhlasela-Asia Ephakathi. Izithakazelo yamazwe amabili ayizikhondlakhondla yesikhathi esidlule abaye babhekana Nombuso Russian kwakungasekho okunye kodwa ukuvimbela Ukungena waseBritish ukuba imingcele yabo.

Lolu hambo lokuqala

Ngenxa saqala ngokujoyina Russia e-Asia Ephakathi? Ucwaningo kule ndawo, yebo, eside olwenziwa osomaqhinga bezempi. Izifiso zakhe zokuqala ezintathu Russian uhambo izinjongo zokuthula bazingelwa Asia Ephakathi. Umsebenzi Scientific eholwa N. V Hanykov, zamanxusa - N. P. Ignatev, futhi Ch Ch Valikhanov waba inhloko mission ukuhweba.

Konke lokhu kwakwenziwa ukuze umiswe oxhumana nabo angaphandle emngceleni esifundeni ngokuthula. Noma kunjalo, ngo-1863, izimfanelo okwesikhathi ehlasela lempi esenzeka Kokand Khanate. Kuleso neziyaluyalu edabukile izinduna izimpi sezwe udweshu phakathi kwezizwe sibhebhetheka namandla. Umphumela waba oda ukuhlasela amasosha Russian.

I-Russian imisebenzi lokuqala lezempi e-Asia Ephakathi isibe umkhankaso wokulwa Tashkent. Wahluleka. Kodwa ezimbili nje iminyaka yezimpi zombango buthaka isitha, futhi kamuva umuzi yadluliselwa ngaphandle kokulwa, nakuba ezinye izazi-mlando baye bame kwelokuthi lokhu kuhilizisana encane ahlomile namanje zisenzeka, futhi esinye sazo safela khona Seyit Sultan Khan. Ngemva konyaka bajoyine Russian Tashkent, kwakhiwa Turkestan Jikelele kaHulumeni.

kusengaphambili okwengeziwe

Njengoba Central Asia eRussia Kwabe sekwenzekani? Kusukela 1867 kuya ku-1868 imisebenzini yezempi waya eBukhara. emir sendawo usole ne LaseBrithani lamemezela ukulwa neRussia. Kodwa ibutho Russian emva uchungechunge ngokunqoba ophoqelelwe isitha ukuba asayine isivumelwano sokuthula. Ngaphambi ukuvela eSoviet Republic eBukhara eBukhara kwaba ngaphansi kwesizwe yeRussia.

Khiva Khanate yathatha cishe nse kuze 1920, lapho kwakungekho amabutho yasebukhosini kanye iRed Army yanqoba u-khan. Ngo-1876, ingxenye yeRussia waba Kokand Khanate. Ngo-1885 abaseBrithani inqubo kokujoyina ezindaweni elise-Asia Ephakathi komnikelo kwakucishe kuphelele. Uma lezi zenzakalo ezichazwe ngenhla, cishe wafika impi Great Britain, okuyinto kungaqali kuphela ngenxa yemizamo osomaqhinga.

ukubusa Kazakhstan sika

Lapho-ke waqala e-Asia Ephakathi eRussia? Okokuqala waphendukela Russia Kazakhstan. I ukubusa izwe kwaqala ngawo-20s kwekhulu XVIII, esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba mikhankaso ngowokuqala Asia Ephakathi. State ihlushwe liphambana izizwe ezingomakhelwane ezifana Dzhungars. Lokhu kwenza ukuba abantu ingxenye Kazakhs ukucela usizo Russian. Ngo 1731 Empress Anna Ivanovna ngokusemthethweni wamukele lesi sicelo Abulhair Khan.

Kufanele ukuthi Khan wayenezizathu ezakhe okubhekisela emhlabathini we umqhele isiRashiya, ngoba akubona bonke abanjalo, ubengaphakathi ikhanda zensimu belawulwa nguye. Ngakho ingozi lihlasele ayimizulane kugcinwe.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amanye sultans Kazakhstan wathatha yisakhamuzi Russian. Ngo 1740, kwenye ingxenye yezwe bajoyine Russian Empire. ezindaweni ezimaphakathi kanye esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga ye Kazakhstan ziye enamathiselwe ngamasosha futhi zilekelele zezombusazwe, cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba kwakukhona isithakazelo kwezinye izingxenye esifundeni Asia Ephakathi.

-Kuya Russian Central Asia eyathatha amakhulu amaningana eminyaka. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ezinye izindawo ngokuzithandela ucele uzithatha, abanye zanqotshwa. Ukugcizelela lapha kungaba iphuzu lokuthi, ngokungafani kuya okufanayo Great Britain, Russia uye wafuna ukusiza ukuthuthukiswa ezindaweni yayilokhu izidlela nje nakwezinye izindawo ukwakha izindawo ezihlukahlukene ezimbonini kanye nezokuphatha. Ngakho, ngokujoyina Russia e Central Asia ngisho yaholela yesifunda.