Russia ekulweni ubuphekula. IKomiti kwesikaSihlalo weNational Anti-amaphekula

Ubuphekula namuhla isibe inombolo inkinga kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe eyodwa, ngenxa yokuthi izikali zayo baba ukubaluleka ngempela emhlabeni wonke. Russia ekulweni ubuphekula wenze yonke imizamo yokugwema imiphumela eyingozi futhi akuqinisekile, esevele uhlangabezana esintwini.

ngaphandle kwemingcele

Ubuphekula - basongela ukulondeka emhlabeni wonke, wonke amazwe futhi zonke izakhamuzi abahlala kuzo, ukushonelwa ezomnotho nezombusazwe, kuba becindezelwa ngokwengqondo omkhulu kubantu. Swayiphela banditry ezikhathini zanamuhla olubanzi kangaka ukuthi azikho neyobuzwe ngaye.

Yini isimo ngabanye sokulwa nobuphekula? uhlamvu yayo international abizele impendulo, ukwakha sonke isimiso yokulwisana. Yilokho kuthatha eRussia wokulwa nobuphekula. Ukuqala nakho kwakhe ngezinga lomhlaba wonke kanye Russian Federation, ngakho-ke sasingekho umbuzo mayelana iqhaza kwezempi ngisho ngaphandle ezindaweni ezithile kuleli zwe.

Kulwa amabutho lokwesaba

Amandla iziphathimandla nohulumeni basekhaya olwenziwa umsebenzi ngehora baqaphe ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha labantu. Izindlela yokulwa nobuphekula ngaphakathi Russia, okulandelayo.

1. Prevention: ekuvimbeleni kwamaphekula ngokuthola izimbangela futhi lokho kuthuthukisa izimo ezibangela izenzo zobuphekula.
2. Russia ekulweni ubuphekula kufanele kube uchungechunge ukuthola, nokuvinjelwa, ukucindezelwa, ukuthola futhi uphenyo ngayinye noma emshadweni onjalo.
3. Imiphumela yanoma yimuphi izenzo zobuphekula ziyancipha futhi iqedwe.

umthetho kahulumeni

On Ukulwa limenyezelwe ngokusemthethweni: 6 Mashi 2006. Ngaphansi komthetho Federal, eRussia wokulwa nobuphekula ungafaka isicelo Armed Forces. Ezibekwe kwalezi zimo ukusetshenziswa Armed Forces.

1. Zokunqanda leli indiza kwanoma iyiphi izindiza yadunwa amaphekula noma esetshenziselwa kwamaphekula.
2. Ukugodla isenzo kwamaphekula kolwandle indawo ye Russian Federation futhi emanzini phakathi nezwe, kunoma iyiphi into womsebenzi ezilwandle, okuyinto zitholakala eshalofini kuleli zwekazi, okuyinto zitholakala eRussia, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ephephile wemikhumbi.
3. Russia ekulweni ubuphekula wahlanganyela nobuphekula imisebenzi, njengoba kubekiwe okwamanje uMthetho Federal.
4. Ukulwisana lobuphekula bomhlaba wonke ngale kwemingcele yakwa insimu Russian Federation.

Ukugodla ubuphekula emoyeni

Armed Forces zingasebenzisa nezempi nezikhali ngokuhambisana izenzo normative zezomthetho Russian Federation nyá usongo noma ukucindezelwa of isenzo amaphekula. Uma indiza akasabeli phansi ezisekelwe zokuqapha amaphuzu kanye amasignali ezaphakanyiswa izindiza Russian nokunciphisa noma uyenqaba ukulalela, ngaphandle kokunikeza isizathu, le Amandla Russian ahlomile ukucindezela indiza isitsha usebenzisa nezempi nezikhali, ephoqa baye ezweni. Endabeni sokungalandeli umthetho futhi ngengozi emvelweni nenhlekelele noma indiza ukufa isikepe ukuyiveza ukubhujiswa.

Ukugodla ubuphekula phezu kwamanzi

amanzi langaphakathi, ulwandle indawo futhi yayo eshalofini yezwekazi kanye kazwelonke umkhakha zasolwandle (kuhlanganise ukuntweza) we-Armed Forces futhi avikele, usebenzisa izindlela ngenhla ukulwa nobuphekula. Uma ulwandle noma emfuleni ukubhukuda izindawo ungaphenduli imiyalo izimpawu umise ukwephula imithetho ukusetshenziswa isikhala amanzi Russian Federation futhi imvelo kwamanzi noma ukuba nokwenqaba ukulalela, izikhali yempi futhi Russian Amandla ahlomile izindiza esetshenziselwa ukuphoqwa ukuyeka ukubhukuda izindawo nekugwema usongo ukuhlasela kwamaphekula, ngisho by yakhe ekubhujisweni. Vimbela ukulahlekelwa ukuphila noma yenhlekelele yemvelo kufanele ekusebenziseni iyiphi izinyathelo yokulwa nobuphekula.

Counterinsurgency zangaphakathi nezangaphandle

izenzo normative zezomthetho Russian Federation ukucacisa isinqumo sikaMongameli Russian ekuletheni amayunithi lempi Armed Forces ukubamba iqhaza eqhuba uhlelo olumelene amaphekula. amayunithi Military, izimpiko kanye yokuxhuma Armed Forces zisebenzisa nezempi, izindlela ezikhethekile kanye nezikhali. I wokulwa nobuphekula international ezihilela Armed Forces of the Russian Federation liyakushunyayelwa asetshenziswe ngendlela ehambisana izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe we Russian Federation, lokhu zoMthetho Federal noma nokusetshenziswa izikhali kusukela Insimu Russian Federation ngokumelene elisekela kwamaphekula noma ngaphandle kwe-Russian Federation ngabanye, kanye nokusetshenziswa Armed Forces ngaphandle kwezwe. Konke lokhu kwenziwa izinqumo mathupha nguMongameli, manje Putin.

I wokulwa nobuphekula - umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ezakha kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla, futhi unesibopho kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, inani eliphelele kumiswa Armed Forces, ezindaweni lapho ezosebenza, izinselele ebhekene nazo, ubude ukuhlala ngaphandle Russian Federation nezinye eziphathelene counter-ubuphekula ngale kwemingcele yakwa WaseRussia, futhi ekhetha abe nguMongameli. Federal uMthetho Ukulwisana Ubuphekula ubeka ukuthi ilungiselelo ngokwehlukile. amayunithi Military, okuyinto uhambe ngalé kwemingcele yeRussia, aqukethe inkontileka servicemen abaye zabhekana ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile zangaphambi ukuthunyelwa, futhi kwakhiwa luyingxenye njalo yokuzithandela.

ukuvikeleka kwenarha

Ubuphekula kungenziwa imelelwa izinhlangano namaqembu, kanye nabantu. Russian National Security Strategy kuze 2020 kuhlanganisa kuwukubonakaliswa amaphekula. Umumo kungaba noma yimuphi umdwebo - kusukela ushintsho ngempoqo kohlelo lomthethosisekelo WaseRussia kanye disorganization ka ukusebenza isimo. amandla ukubhujiswa amasayithi zezimboni nakwezempi, kanye nezikhungo kanye namabhizinisi, lapho izindlela zokuziphilisa sabantu, futhi ukusabisa umphakathi ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zamakhemikhali noma zenuzi.

I wokulwa nobuphekula liqukethe yokuthi akukho ukuhlanganiswa zonke izakhiwo zomphakathi kanye nesimo nemizamo ngokuhlanganyela ukuze ulwe mkhuba oyingozi. ngeke kube uyakwazi ukusiza ngempumelelo iyiphi nobuphekula izikhungo wadala ngokukhethekile, ngisho ejensi intelligence abomthetho. Udinga umsebenzi ahlangene zonke izinhlaka, amagatsha kahulumeni, abezindaba.

Imithombo zobuphekula

Yiziphi izenzo zobuphekula, kufanele usibhekise ngokucacileyo traceable umthombo nangokwethembeka okuthiwa nezimbangela zabo. inhlolovo Isazi olwenziwa phakathi abasebenzi amayunithi anti-amaphekula e-FSB, lukhiphe ukuthi etintfweni (izici of) ubuphekula ngokuvamile lokhu okulandelayo: nokwehla abukhali ezingeni lokuphila ezingeni emphakathini. Ukuvikelwa, wezepolitiki futhi nihilism zomthetho, separatism nobuzwe ukukhula, imithetho singenele, ukuthembeka eliphansi neziphathimandla, izixazululo yabo embi kubhekwe.

Uthuthukise ubuphekula ezikhulayo, ikakhulukazi ukuphikisana emphakathini, kungevani kahle kutenhlalo, kusukela lapho kukhona bezombangazwe. Ukulwisana Abashisekeli nobuphekula kudinga ukufakwa kohlelo olubanzi lapho kuyodingeka zezombusazwe nje kuphela kodwa futhi kwemingcele yezomnotho, yezenhlalo yamaSoviet, zomthetho nezinye izici eziningi. Inqubomgomo anti-amaphekula we Russian Federation uzama ukuxazulula main, kodwa kuphela okuphenya umsebenzi - kulondolozwe isithunzi sendawo nobukhosi bakhe. Futhi kubalulekile ukuba uqale nge izizathu.

Isisekelo Sethemba wokulwa nobuphekula

Kuvele ebalulekile ingxenye Inqubomgomo somphakathi - wokulwa nobuphekula ku Russian Federation, injongo okuyinto, njengoba sishilo, ukuphepha, isithunzi sendawo nobukhosi yezwe. Izinhlinzeko eyinhloko lelisu zimi kanje:

• izimbangela kanye nemibandela kunikela ukuvela ubuphekula nokubhebhetheka kwazo akumelwe sikhohliseke futhi iqedwe;
• abantu nezinhlangano wahlanganyela ngamalungiselelo izenzo zobuphekula, kufanele bavezwe nezenzo zabo uvinjelwe ukungasebenzi;
• izinhlangano emisebenzini amaphekula, kumele batiphendvulele ngokuvumelana nomthetho Russia;
• amabutho kanye izindlela ukuthi inhloso yalokhu ukuvimbela, ukuhlonza, ukugwema imisebenzi amaphekula, ukunciphisa futhi ayisuse imiphumela ngokuhlasela kwamaphekula kufanele igcinwe ezilungele njalo ukusetshenziswa kwabo;
• izindawo eziminyene, ezibucayi yini nokusekela ukuphila kwakhe nengqalasizinda kumele unikezwe ukuvikelwa anti-amaphekula;
• Imibono yamaKhomanisi amaphekula akufanele ukusakaza, futhi umsebenzi nokumela imisebenzi kumele isebenze.

izinyathelo zokuvikeleka

Lezinto ezingahlolwa okubhekiswe imisebenzi amaphekula eminyakeni yamuva nje siye sesingcono kakhulu behlomile kanye zobunjiniyela futhi izindlela lobuchwepheshe ukuvikelwa, njengoba izinkampani zonogada abasebenzi baye kakhulu anda yezinga labo lokuqeqeshwa. Noma kunjalo, ukuvikelwa anti-amaphekula izindawo uyaca uhlale abantu ngokucace kakhudlwana okunganele, njengoba kungekho izidingo iyunifomu okuhlinzeka esizeni.

Ngo-2013, 22 Okthoba, umthetho Federal ku ukuvikelwa anti-amaphekula insiza Waqala ukusebenza. Uhulumeni waseRussia manje ngokuvumelana le dokhumenti uthola unelungelo lokusungula saziso ekufezeni bonke abantu yemvelo kanye zomthetho izimfuneko sokuvikelwa anti-amaphekula lezinto nezindawo. Izimfuneko eziphathelene esigabeni sabo, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo maqondana zokuqapha, yakha ishidi idatha ukuphepha. Bayakhishwa kusukela lezi zinto kuphela ukuthutha ingqalasizinda, izimoto kanye nophethiloli namandla izindawo, lapho ukuvikelwa anti-amaphekula yakhiwe okuningi ngokhahlo.

usongo Global

izinhlangano amaphekula ezisebenza eRussia kaningi nalo iqhaza futhi ngaphansi kobuholi bamazwe angaphandle abaqeqeshwe phesheya futhi ngokwezimali osekelwa imithombo exhunywe ne lobuphekula bomhlaba wonke. Ngokwe-FSB, ngo-2000 kwakukhona abantu kungathi izinkulungwane ezintathu fighters angaphandle Chechnya. Russian amabutho ahlomile ekulweni ka 1999-2001 Kushone abangaphezu kwenkulungwane abavela kwamanye amazwe ezivela emazweni angu-Arab: Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, Tunisia, Kuwait, Tajikistan, Turkey, Syria, Algeria.

Eminyakeni yamuva lobuphekula bomhlaba wonke liye landa ngezinga usongo global. ERussia, exhunywe ukudalwa iKomiti kwesikaSihlalo weNational Anti-amaphekula (NAC). Lokhu umzimba Collegiate uhlela imisebenzi neziphathimandla esiphezulu kokubili izifundo yombuso kanye RF, ukuzibusa wendawo, kanye elungiselela iziphakamiso olufanele uMongameli we Russian Federation. NAC yasungulwa ngokuvumelana Isinqumo Yokulwa Ubuphekula 2006. Usihlalo wekomidi umqondisi-FSB we Russian Federation Jikelele weZempi AV Bortnikov. Ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe umsebenzi cishe zonke izikhulu zakwa-abomthetho, iminyango kahulumeni kanye emakamelweni ephalamende Russian.

I yezinjongo eziyinhloko NAC

1. Ukulungiselela iziphakamiso kuMongameli WaseRussia ophathelene kumiswa isimo. inqubomgomo kanye ngcono emkhakheni komthetho counter-ubuphekula.
2. Ukudidiyelwa kwama-yonke imisebenzi counter-ubuphekula ka esiphezulu iziphathimandla federal, ikhomishini ezindaweni zaseRussia, ukuxhumana zalezi zakhiwo nohulumeni wendawo, izinhlangano zomphakathi kanye nezinhlangano.
3. Ukukhomba izinyathelo ukuqeda izimbangela ezingokwenhlalo nezimo kunikela ubuphekula, ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa insiza ekuhlaselweni ezingaba khona.
4. Ukubamba iqhaza wokulwa nobuphekula, ukulungiswa izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe we Russian Federation kulo mkhakha.
5. Ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka komphakathi abantu abawenzayo kakade nobandakanyekile wokulwa nobuphekula, umthwalo wokuvuselelwa yezenhlalakahle izisulu kwamaphekula.
6. Ukubhekana neminye imisebenzi ebekwe umthetho waseRussia.

Terror eNorth Caucasus

Eminyakeni yamuva, iziphathimandla isimo. neziphathimandla baye benza imizamo eside kute simo sibuyele kulesetayelekile eNorth Caucasus Federal District Ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokulwa ubuphekula. Ngo-December 2014 umqondisi Federal Isevisi yokuvikelwa Alexander Bortnikov wathi umphumela ukudidiyelwa lokuvikela komthetho imisebenzi - emacaleni kwamaphekula kwakuyintokazi kancane kathathu uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2013: 218 amacala ayebekwe 78.

Nokho, isimo esishubile esifundeni namanje okusezingeni eliphezulu - asebenzayo futhi North Caucasian lomphangi komhlaba, futhi lobuphekula bomhlaba wonke, ngaphakathi spite of kokuzibandakanya ukumchukuluza zonke abomthetho, abomthetho kanye nezinsizakalo ezikhethekile. Izinyathelo ziyasetshenziswa futhi ukulwa, ukukhomba, ukuvimbela, ukucindezela, unalo futhi uphenyo kuhlasela kwamaphekula. Ngakho, ngo-2014 i-services akhethekile abomthetho kuhlulekile ukuvimbela 59 amacala amaphekula nesishiyagalombili ukuhlaselwa balungiselela. abantu amathathu elihlobene ne komhlaba lomphangi, liyengwa ukuphika ukwesaba.

Lapho ungenawo uphathe ukukholisa

I wokulwa nobuphekula kukhona ukulwa eziyinkimbinkimbi zokusebenza, okungenxa yezimo ezikhethekile, ezempi, kanye neminye imisebenzi eminingi, lapho lusetshenziswa nezempi, izikhali kanye izindlela ezikhethekile ukuvimbela isenzo ubuphekula, ukucisha amasosha nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabantu, izikhungo kanye nezinhlangano, futhi ukunciphisa imiphumela kokuhlasela kwamaphekula. Nazi amabutho balwe futhi FSB ejenti, kanye udala iqembu, okwakhiwa kwalo kungaba ubuyise Russian amabutho ahlomile futhi iziphathimandla federal ophethe ukuzivikela, ukuphepha kanye ezindabeni zangaphakathi, Civil Defense, Ukunquma Ngokulunga, Izimo eziphuthumayo Ministry nabanye abaningi.

Ngenxa yalokho, weqembu elinamandla imisebenzi anti-amaphekula eNorth Caucasus ngo-2014 waba kulinganiswe 233 izigcwelegcwele, 38 babo abaholi. Ababoshwe amalungu 637 we komhlaba ahlomile. Kukhishwe kusuka inzuzo 272 emthethweni iziqhumane, eziningi nezibhamu kanye nezinye izikhali. Iziphathimandla zokusetshenziswa komthetho aphenya kwamaphekula ngo-2014, kwalethwa enkantolo 219 amacala obugebengu, okwaphumela izigebengu wahlupheka izinhlawulo noma zobugebengu, kuhlanganise Executive ukuhlaselwa ezine kwamaphekula e Volgograd.

Ukwesaba, Wezangaphandle

amafomu cross-border zobuphekula - uhlobo oluvame kakhulu zobugebengu. ezingokoqobo Contemporary baye yaba isici esidala ukungazinzi e kwamaZwe. Lapho amaphekula ehlasela ukusetshenziswa izikhali zembubhiso (izikhali zenuzi) kukhona ibe usongo olukhulu ukuba khona kuso sonke isintu. Futhi umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba ngenxa izifiso ngokweqile kwezinye amalungu ayo angeke ngisho ukucacisa amagama ngqo lesi simanga, nakuba ngokuvamile, futhi kwakhiwa uhlobo ukuqonda wabelane yezingxenye esemqoka zalesi simo.

Okokuqala, ubuphekula - kungcono emthethweni ubudlova isibhamu, isifiso ukwesabisa umphakathi wezwe lonke ezingqimbeni ebanzi labantu kuba iyisisulu esingenacala. Uma isenzo amaphekula kuthinta izithakazelo ezingaphezu kweyodwa zwe, kukhona, yebo, futhi equkethwe ingxenye ngamazwe. umumo Political komphakathi weentjhabatjhaba akacabangi sici lobuphekula bomhlaba wonke, njengoba kuyinto exakayo. Nokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje, lapho Liyindawo namandla emhlabeni wonke, iKomidi of the-jikelele WeZizwe Ezihlangene futhi uzama ukuqala umsebenzi incazelo ephathelene lobuphekula bomhlaba wonke.

indima waseRussia emphakathini womhlaba

I Russian Federation okuhambisana kakhulu endleleni imizamo ngokuhlanganyela yokulwa nobuphekula. Selokhu kwathi nhló for nokususwa kwezithiyo - zenkolo, yamaSoviet, ezombangazwe noma ezinye - kwezifunda, amacala amaphekula aphikisanayo, into esemqoka - ukuhlela ukumelana ngempumelelo ukuze kuwukubonakaliswa ubuphekula.

Njengoba owalandela USSR, Russian Federation uhlanganyela netimiso jikelele ekhona le mpi. Kuyinto kusukela nabameleli bayo eze zonke izinhlelo ezakhayo, benza elikhulu kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa ezincwadini izivumelwano ezintsha, namakhambi awusizo ukwakha ezivamile ngamazwe anti-ubuphekula phambi.