Inkohlakalo wemiqondo Inkomba: indlela yokubala futhi idatha Inkomba

Inkinga inkohlakalo kuhulumeni kanye nesimo izakhiwo efanele emazweni amaningi. Kuze kube manje, bakhula eziningana tindlela letisebentako lokulawula ukulwa nokuhlukunyezwa ehhovisi ukuze bathole izinzuzo, zokugwazela izikhulu kanye nezinye izenzo ephambene nomthetho nokuziphatha, kodwa ukusebenzisa izindlela emzabalazweni yokulwa nenkohlakalo , empeleni akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuletha umphumela efanele.

Nokho, kukhona emazweni amaningi nge amazinga iphansana zenkohlakalo. Lithi abonakele kakhulu namazwe lapho engxenyeni kahulumeni corruption empeleni singamelwe simo zenkohlakalo bezibona Inkomba. Kuhlola lizinga lenkhohlakalo emazweni, ukulungiswa futhi kunyatheliswe impahla efanele kuye kwaba inhlangano engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni I-Transparency International. Kusekelwe Berlin.

Kangakanani khona Inkomba inkohlakalo Umbono

Izinkomba lapho kumiswa kulinganisela amazwe ngokuya inkohlakalo bezibona, ngokususela enombolweni vo ezimele. I Inkohlakalo Perception Inkomba (CPI - ngamafitshane) isekelwe umbono ochwepheshe abaziwayo emkhakheni ezezimali kanye nomthetho. I rankings ochwepheshe bazibandakanye kusuka World Bank, i-African futhi Asian Development Banks, American NGO Freedom House, okuyinto waziphatha ucwaningo inkululeko zezenhlalo nezombangazwe futhi uqaphe izinguquko yeningi emhlabeni.

I-Corruption Perceptions Index uhlobo yemakhono "ngokwethembeka neziphathimandla." Njalo State okuyinto ehilelekile cwaningo, amaphuzu kusukela zero eziyikhulu namashumi amaphuzu lapho zero sibalo kusho ileveli enkulu nenkohlakalo, kanye amaphuzu engamakhulu amazwe okungenani elonakele. Ngaphambili, wemiqondo Inkohlakalo Index of-Transparency International lilinganiswe basukela omunye eziyishumi.

Esikhathini evulekile-umthombo eqondene izici, okuyinto ucubungula uthi awashicilelwe, ngakho-ke ingafundwa kuphela wesilinganiso sokugcina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela jikelele ukubala Inkomba cha, ngoba ukuhlolwa kokugcina, ngokuvumelana nenhlangano TI sika, ucabangela izici kazwelonke ka esimweni esithile.

Kumiswa simo lamazwe ngokuvumelana wemiqondo Inkohlakalo Inkomba

Isilinganiselwa izinkomba ezifana Inkomba okuqonda inkohlakalo 2016 kuhlanganisiwe eziyikhulu namashumi ayisikhombisa nesithupha States. idatha Kushicilelwe, lifaka isimo asetshenziselwa ukuhlola ezingeni intuthuko e siqinise impi yokulwa nenkohlakalo, kanye isikhundla emazweni athile maqondana uthi angomakhelwane, abalingani kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho kanye izimbangi.

I okungenani amazwe elonakele ngokuvumelana TI

Inkohlakalo wemiqondo Inkomba enkulu (ayisishiyagalolunye amaphuzu) emazweni aseScandinavia, New Zealand, Switzerland. Denmark lifaka kuqala, kulandele New Zealand ivuliwe eyesithathu - Finland ngalesosikhathi zijwayeza baseSweden, eSwitzerland, Norway, Singapore, eNetherlands. UK kwabayishumi abaphasa ngamalengiso iphetha ukuhlolwa kokugcina score amashumi ayisishiyagalombili nanye.

Amabili nanye inkohlakalo bezibona Inkomba eshicilelwe ekupheleni Januwari 2017, kancane ezahlukene eminyakeni eyedlule e-United, bangazihluphi ngokuthola isikhundla ekuholeni. Ngokuvamile, isikhundla kule simo akuvamile ukushintsha ngokuphelele.

Inkohlakalo eRussia lilinganiselwa-Transparency International

Ukuze Russia, inkohlakalo bezibona Inkomba ibalwa kusukela ngo-1996, lapho isilinganiso lalakhiwa amazwe amahlanu nane. Khona-ke Russian kwaba ngezinye amane nesithupha - amane nesikhombisa indawo isikolo-okweshumi okubili iphuzu ayisithupha amaphuzu. Dynamics of izinguquko izinga kwakungekhona ukwanda meteoric, noma uwela. Ingabe leso Jump on imingcele 2000 no-2001, lapho isibalo amabili wonke futhi omunye amaphuzu yeshumi wayesema kakhulu ngendlela ezimbili futhi okweshumi eziyisikhombisa.

Ubuncane inkohlakalo bezibona Inkomba (ngokuvumelana isilinganiso kufika ku 2014), kuyinto ezimbili futhi omunye kwabayishumi kakhulu ngendlela amaphuzu, sabhalwa ngo-2000, 2008, 2010 ngokulandelana. Inani esiphezulu (ezimbili iphuzu eyisishiyagalombili) sibalo safinyelela ngo-2004, 2012 no-2013 ngokulandelana. Inencazelo efanayo eminyakeni ezahlukene babe India, Honduras, Ecuador, Mozambique, Georgia, eGambia, Nepal, Albania, Nigeria kanye nabanye.

Embikweni owakhishwa abezindaba TI kuqashelwe ukuthi inkohlakalo eRussia ifinyelele enjalo ngezabelo ezethusayo ukuthi asithinti nje kuphela ama-apharathasi isimo, kodwa futhi impilo, imfundo, komthetho, umnotho futhi kufike wona kanye wekuba sive yeRussia.

2017 Inkohlakalo wemiqondo Inkomba (Russia ayikashintshi isikhundla salo) ibalwa emazweni nekhulu namashumi ayisikhombisa nesithupha. I Russian Federation sise ayikhulu namashumi amathathu endaweni yokuqala nge isikolo amabili nesishiyagalolunye out of a kungenzeka, anamakhulu mane.

Inkomba umthetho ngokusho World Justice Project

Ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwa umthetho, lapho Umhlaba Justice Project, i-Russia zibalwa indawo ayisishiyagalolunye yesibili aphume ayisishiyagalolunye eziyisikhombisa uthi. Isimo okubi kakhulu nge ukuphepha kanye nempumelelo komthetho kanye nokusebenza nokukhawulela amandla kuhulumeni. Hhayi imibala engcono kakhulu isimo ezicini ezinjalo:

• Ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo wobuntu (ayisishiyagalombili nantathu indzawo letsite);
• zobulelesi (ayisikhombisa nesishiyagalombili);
• nokuvuleka Uhulumeni (semedsyat endaweni yesine);
• lizinga lenkhohlakalo (indawo ayisikhombisa lokuqala);
• Enforcement (ayisithupha nesishiyagalombili);
• tinchubo tasenkantolo civil (ayisithupha nanhlanu indawo).

Beka uthi post-Soviet simo zenkohlakalo

Inkohlakalo wemiqondo Inkomba nayo kubalwa kumazwe post-Soviet. Ngakho, e-Ukraine lithole amaphuzu amabili nesishiyagalolunye namashekeli wathatha namashumi amathathu lokuqala kungenzeka nekhulu namashumi ayisikhombisa nesithupha, Belarus - angamashumi ayisikhombisa nesishiyagalolunye indawo (amaphuzu amane), Kazakhstan - namashumi amathathu wokuqala futhi (emashumi mabini anesithoba amaphuzu), Moldova - namashumi amabili nantathu (amaphuzu amathathu ), Uzbekistan - eziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu nesithupha (amaphuzu amabili nanye), Turkmenistan - namashumi ayisihlanu nane (amaphuzu eyodwa amabili nambili), Tajikistan - yizinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu lokuqala amabili nanhlanu (amaphuzu).

I abonakele kakhulu uthi

Isilinganiselwa TI lifaka njengoba amazwe abonakele kakhulu Somalia, South Sudan, North Korea, Syria, Yemen, Sudan, Libya futhi Afghanistan. Ngokuvamile, ukuthi amazinga babe eziseceleni Afrika nase-Asia. Phakathi kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu ngaleso isikhundla oluphansi lingu Bosnia and Herzegovina (ayisishiyagalombili nantathu kanye amaphuzu amathathu nethoba), Albania (indawo ayisishiyagalombili nantathu, futhi amaphuzu amathathu nethoba), Bulgaria (ayisikhombisa lesihlanu kanye amaphuzu amane nanye).

Emazweni nge emazinga lasetulu enkhohlakalo, ukusetshenziswa isikhundla esemthethweni, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla nokufumbathisa kuyinsakavukela hhayi kuphela zonke izakhiwo amandla, kodwa nakwezinye izindawo kwamalungelo wobuntu ngokuvamile i-, futhi umkhiqizo yasekhaya okwedlulele lengenako sincane kakhulu.