Umthetho kahulumeni ku izimantshi WaseRussia

I-Russian lwetemtsetfo eyasungulwa Isikhungo yeMantshi. Yiziphi izici zalo? Iziphi izimiso elawula imisebenzi ezikhungo ezithintekile zokwahlulela?

Kuyini i-Institute of izimantshi?

Ngaphambi kokucabangela lokho umthetho ku izimantshi eRussia, ufunde ezinye izici lesikhungo izinhlelo zomthetho ezifanele.

Okokuqala, kuyafaneleka ukuthi izimantshi abasebenza ezingeni okokuqala. lunye yabo eyinhloko - Ukucabangela izinkinga eziphathelene emacaleni nge umonakalo omncane, futhi impahla uthi ngezindleko encane. Omunye wemigomo amaqembu ukwelashwa impikiswano kuya esikhungweni kungenzeka kube isiphelo sesimiso sivumelwano - isenzo lwezomthetho ukuqashelwa abahlanganyeli ubudlelwane zomthetho ukungabi khona izimangalo mutual.

Umthetho we Russian Federation ku kutinkhantolo tabomantji

Manje ake sicabangele indlela lapho imisebenzi yezikhungo zomthetho ezifanele zibuswa umthetho waseRussia. Umthombo oyinhloko umthetho lapha - uMthetho Federal 188-FZ "Ngo kaMantshi yokutholwa 17.12.1998 ngonyaka. It ulawula ngokuvamile ukubona izimpawu ezifihlekile ukhiye we inhlangano umsebenzi amajaji, nokuqinisekisa imisebenzi yezikhungo abafanele. Empeleni, kuba kokubili umthetho Yokuqashwa izimantshi isenzo lomthetho ichaza ethile ye amacala kuziphathimandla ezifanele, kanye umthombo imithetho ichaza indlela lapho amandla kwalezi zikhungo zabiwa ngokwendawo.

Thina manje ukuphenya kabanzi amalungiselelo main zoMthetho Federal № 188.

Ukunqunywa izimantshi ngokuhambisana nomthetho

Umthetho izimantshi licabangela sikhungo angokomthetho ezinkantolo ezivamile, letisebenta ezingeni yezihloko RF, futhi ngaleyo ndlela iyingxenye ye-lwebulungisa isimo. Lokhu isiqondiso uqukethe ulimi lapho amandla futhi inqubo umsebenzi izimantshi, kanye nenqubo wokusungula izikhundla zabo kunqunywa uMthetho-sisekelo wase-Russia, i-Federal Umthetho womthethosisekelo "On the Judicial System" kanye neminye imithombo zokulawula ezingeni federal, kuyilapho Inkambiso yokuqokwa, kanye ukuqaliswa imisebenzi abahluleli ingasungulwa ezingeni izenzo zomthetho kwezihloko.

Kulokhu, iyithuluzi elingokomthetho zesifunda noma umthombo zokulawula ngaso FL akumele ifake ngolimi beliyophikisana yokuthi iqukethe umthetho-sisekelo wezwe. On yeMantshi ochwepheshe yesimanje phikisana isikhungo amacala abalulekile ezinkantolo, kanjani, ngakho-ke ungakwazi kubhekwe ukusebenza kwezikole zokusoka kulokho eliphakeme ezingeni oshayiwe Russian. Kodwa noma kunjalo esibalulekile amalungiselelo elawula imisebenzi ezikhungo ezithintekile kukhona kanzulu kunombolo uMthetho Federal 188.

Umthetho izimantshi eRussia iqukethe ulimi lezo zinqumo ukuthi kuthathwe ezingeni lesikhungo zomthetho, futhi isimo Bangene amandla, kanye nezinye izenzo normative yezinkantolo kubopha wonke iziphathimandla zaseRussia, izikhungo, abantu nezinhlangano ezingokomthetho futhi Ngakho-ke kufanele kwenziwe ku yonke indawo waseRussia.

Ngokuhambisana uMthetho Federal # 188 abahluleli ukuthula, kanye namalungu emikhaya yabo woba isiqinisekiso elihlobene ne isimo izakhamuzi, ezisebenza ezingeni kubhekwe sikhungo lesisemtsetfweni. Kumayelana iziqinisekiso: kokuzimela kwezobulungiswa, ubuqotho, kuzo ukusekelwa ngezinto ezibonakalayo, ukwesekwa emphakathini.

Ngokufunda ukuthi yini ekhono izimantshi eyasungulwa umthetho we Russian Federation. Ngenhla sibonile ukuthi inombolo uMthetho Federal 188 - empeleni umthetho engaphansi izimantshi. Kwakuthinta abasezikhundleni wakhe kuchazwe abaluthole core abameleli iziphathimandla ezifanele.

kwekhono abahluleli

Umthetho kahulumeni ku izimantshi № 188-FZ sisungula inkomba ezilandelayo ngoba abameleli izimo okukhulunywa ngalo:

• Ngakho emacaleni obugebengu ezihlobene emacaleni elinesijeziso nge eminyakeni engu-3 ebhadla ejele - ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko Art. 31 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure ;
• izindaba eziphathelene yokubhalisa kwemiyalo yenkantolo;
• izingxabano ku isehlukaniso - uma azikho umehluko phakathi abashadayo ngokuphathelene nezingane;
• izingxabano mayelana nokusatshalaliswa kwempahla phakathi abashadayo, ukubaluleka okuyinto ingeqi ruble angu-50 000;
• Ezinye izindaba kuphakama endaweni ubuhlobo bomkhaya, ngaphandle alabo ababehlanganyela ekumeleleni ilungelo ubuyise noma womama, ukusungulwa amalungelo esihambisanayo noma nokuswela noma izivimbelo wokutholwa noma unezingane zokutholwa, kanye okuhlobene omunye zigaba izingane imibuzo ku ukuqashelwa oluthile lomshado phakathi kukankulunkulukazi bamazwe of nilenze;
• Impahla izingxabano phakathi kwezakhamizi, ngaphandle esimweni ifa, kanye amafa ukuthi siwumkhiqizo wokuziphendukela umsebenzi bokusungula - inqobo nje ukubaluleka isimangalo ingeqi ruble angu-50 000;
• izindaba eziphathelene nokusungulwa oda ukusebenzisa lolu noma imphahla;
• izindaba eziphathelene nomthetho zokuphatha lapho Ukubuyekeza yabo kuhlobane ngokuqondile kwekhono umthetho imantshi.

Ngaphandle Kulolu hlu olungenhla kwamakhono ekuhlulelweni kohlaka le sikhungo lesisemtsetfweni, umthetho akunakubangelwa Kwezinye izimo. Umthetho izimantshi RF iqukethe amagama abekwe ngayo owawuthi izinkantolo ezingeni elifanele angabhekwa icala ngaphansi kwezimo ezintsha uma ukuthi yayikade kuvunyelwa sacala kusebenta izinqumo ezithile ngaleso okokuqala. Ijaji, emelela Institute of Law, okukhulunywa ngakho, ngokucabangela izingxabano iwe ukuthi ngaphansi kwalokho enekhono lakho wedwa.

Manje ukufunda indlela lapho umthetho Russian ulawula ezindaweni lapho esisebenza amakhotho kamarhastrata.

izifunda yeKambiso kwetinkhantolo umthetho emhlabeni

UMthetho Federal № 188, njengoba sibonile ngenhla - umthetho ku ukusungulwa izindawo izimantshi. Yini obusa sifaka ukulawulwa inhlangano ezikhungo ezithintekile?

It enquma ukuthi umsebenzi amajaji, emelela sikhungo lesisemtsetfweni efanele, eyenziwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele omisiwe endaweni ethize kumasayithi ehlukile. Umthetho izimantshi iqukethe amagama abekwe ngayo owawuthi Isamba sabantu ukwenza lo msebenzi, kanye amasayithi nobe esifundvweni lesitsite we Russian Federation kunqunywa umthetho kahulumeni, kodwa ekuthatheni isinyathelo iziphathimandla lesifunda sizongena Armed Forces. Noma ekuthatheni isinyathelo Russian Armed Forces, kodwa isivumelwano neziphathimandla yezihloko WaseRussia.

Izindawo e umbuzo, kanye abahluleli kufanele wadala, kanye kumele amiswe ngokukhipha iziqondiso lesifunda. Kusolwa ukuthi 1 endaweni uzonikezwa kusuka 15 kuya kwezingu-23. Izakhamizi. Uma umasipala - okungenani eziyinkulungwane 15 abantu, khona-ke kwakhiwa it is by wemboni eyodwa zokwahlulela. Cases kubhekwe ezingeni okuhambisanayo, kufanele ngempela idluliselwe endaweni ethile ye kwesinye isikhungo uma ukuqedwa nalehleliwe ingxenye noma isikhundla umahluleli.

Ezimweni ezibekwe ngumthetho kasihlalo kwamakhotho wesifunda lingasho izimo, okuyinto ngokuvamile etholakala endaweni ethile ye-yijaji endaweni ethile, ezikhungweni kwamanye izindawo. Umthetho kahulumeni ku izimantshi luhlanganisa isitatimende lapho icebo lobugebengu, zemibango, kanye nalabo okuhlotshaniswa amacala zokuphatha, kuhlolwe izimangalo futhi oda elikhiphe angadluliselwa.

Ukuqokwa esikhundleni sokuba yijaji: izimfuneko ukhetho

Masitadishe indlela lapho izidingo kumele kuhambisane izakhamuzi ngokufaka isicelo imantshi izikhundla. Umthombo oyinhloko umthetho, okuyinto lichaza imibandela efanele - emthethweni Russian Federation "On the Isimo yabaHluleli". Ngalo mqondo, nalezi zimfuneko musa ihluke labo eyasungulwa labamele emajaji, kanye abafundela amahhovisi, kwezinye iziphathimandla. Nokho, lezi kwezinkambiso okumele asetshenziswe ikhumbula izinhlinzeko zoMthetho inombolo uMthetho Federal 188. Ikakhulukazi, la ingasho nezinqubo lokumisa noma ukhetha izakhamuzi esikhundleni sokuba yijaji.

Ukhetho izimantshi

Inqubo kubhekwe Kwenziwa ukubanjwa kweqhaza ngegunya lomthetho ezingeni isihloko RF noma labantu abahlala engxenyeni ezifanele inkantolo. Kulokhu, inqubo yokukhethwa abahluleli ukuthula kufanele isungulwe izenzo zomthetho yokutholwa esifundeni. Umthetho izimantshi RF luhlanganisa isitatimende lapho kungakapheli izinyanga ezingu-6 ngaphambi ziyaphangalala amandla ibamba leNhloko yamaJaji kuleli cala, uma ayavalwa ekuseni - kumele imemezele kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-10 ngemva yijaji sikhala ukuthi isikhundla ivuliwe. Ulwazi mayelana nale itholakala abezindaba.

Izikhangiso ezifanele kubonise ulwazi mayelana nesikhathi nendawo kokuthola izicelo ezivela ezakhamuzini isicelo sokuba isikhulu nomahluleli, kanye imibhalo ezocatshangelwa nini futhi kuphi. I sesikhundleni yijaji, eziyobusiswa esimisiwe ngesisekelo nokucutshungulwa kwezicelo kufanele uqale akukho ngaphambi ngosuku olulandela usuku uma sokuqeda amandla yabahluleli zamanje.

I sesikhundleni yijaji

Umthetho kahulumeni ku abomaRhastrata WaseRussia usungula imigomo ethize sokusebenza omele isikhungo sokubika. Ngakho, imantshi esiyakuqokwa aqokelwe ukuba isikhundla sabo ngokuthwala iminyaka engaphezu 5. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lo iziphathimandla zaseRussia esifundeni Unelungelo ukunciphisa lesi sikhathi. It iphela Nokho, isakhamuzi sinelungelo kabusha claim izikhundla umsebenzi imantshi. Uma isakhamuzi iye abaqokelwe siyibonakalise ngokufanele futhi, bese kuphela ihlandla lakhe sokusebenza kanye nokuphinda futhi ngeke sidlule eminyakeni 5, noma elilingana nalokho ichazwa umthetho lesifunda. IMantshi kungenzeka bafeze imisebenzi yabo ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele eminyakeni engu-70 ubudala. Uma - ke kufanele ivalwe ngokuhambisana nomthetho.

Ukupheliswa amandla ka yijaji

Ngakho-ke, umthetho phezu imisebenzi izimantshi, iqukethe ulimi kungenzeka amandla abamele izikhungo inqanyulwe. Kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi uhlu izizathu lokhu kuchazwe zoMthetho Federal "On the Isimo AbaHluleli", kodwa isicelo amalungiselelo we PPA kufanele kubhekwe kuyinsakavukela, livikeleke zoMthetho Federal № 188.

IMantshi stop amandla:

• ngosuku lokugcina lwenyanga lapho amandla akhe yisikhathi noma ngenyanga lapho umahluleli engu-70;
• ngosuku olulandela usuku isinqumo kuziwa phakathi force ithimba lamajaji, owawuthi amandla ezikhungo omele kubhekwe sinqanyuliwe kwesikhathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amajaji amandla kungenziwa okwesikhashana ngumuntu iphaneli ngaphansi kwezinye izindlela kuhlinzekelwe yimibandela zoMthetho Federal "On the Isimo yabaHluleli".

Uma amandla yabahluleli zimisiwe noma kunqanyulwe isivumelwane nabo, kanye kunokungabikho kwesikhashana isakhamuzi ku izikhundla abafanele, ekwenzeni imisebenzi umsebenzi wakhe inikeza imantshi, osebenza emnyangweni indawo ehlukile kule ndawo efanayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke yakhipha isinqumo ehlukile usihlalo inkantolo yendawo. Esimweni lapho insimu enikeziwe imantshi eyodwa kuphela, amandla akhe zidluliselwa ezingeni igunya ethwala imisebenzi endaweni ngokushesha.

Ezimweni ezibekwe ngumthetho imisebenzi amajaji, emelela isikhungo kubhekwe kungaba singabakufanelekelayo ukuphathiswa kubahluleli, ngubani sebethathe umhlala-phansi. Akunandaba kulokho endaweni basebenza ngaphambili.

Manje ake sicabangele indlela umthetho ngesimo izimantshi ulawula inqubo ukuqinisekisa imisebenzi emagunyeni afanele.

Ukuhlinzekwa lamajaji

A indima enkulu ukwesekwa engagwegwesi ukuthula adlala amathelevishini abo. isimo sawo futhi abasebenzi kufanele kuchaziwe imithetho yokutholwa ezingeni tesifundvo RF. Amalungu abasebenzi ngesikhathi esifanayo babe isimo bakahulumeni kanye nomsebenzi ngokuhambisana nomthetho endaweni ethile lapho - ukulawulwa ubudlelwane zomthetho kwahulumeni.

Lwabalandeli umsebenzi izimantshi Kwenziwa ngosizo uMnyango Judicial, elisebenza ngayo Armed Forces. Lesi sakhiwo unesibopho ukudluliselwa lamajaji amaholo, remunerations, babanike ezihlukahlukene izinzuzo zomphakathi olunikezwa umthetho we Russian Federation.

Ukusekela ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo womsebenzi abamele izikhungo ezifanele izakhiwo wemfanelo ezingeni iziphathimandla esiphethe esifundeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuleli umsebenzi ezibekwe ngumthetho ikhambi kungabuye ixhunywe yeKambiso uMnyango, elisebenza ngayo Armed Forces. Lesi sakhiwo futhi obangela nokubuyiselwa izindleko yezingxabano, okuyinto ezibhekwa yimantshi.

Ngakho, siye safunda le amalungiselelo eziyisisekelo equkethe umthetho kahulumeni ku izimantshi WaseRussia. Kuzoba ewusizo futhi ucabangele nokuhlola imisebenzi lesikhungo zezomthetho ochwepheshe.

AmaJaji we Ukuthula Institute e-Russia: okuhlaziya Isazi

Okokuqala, phakathi abameli labetibambile buka, owawuthi isimo imantshi, eqinisweni, has a uhlamvu ezimbili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imisebenzi yabo eyenziwa ngaphakathi kohlaka isihloko Russian Federation, ngakho kubuswa izinhlinzeko zoMthetho imithombo lesifunda umthetho. Ngakolunye - omele isikhungo njengengxenye esihlanganisiwe lwebulungisa sezinqumo isimo kanye nezindaba egameni Russian Federation.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukwamukelwa kwenkolelo-umthetho ku izimantshi eRussia ubephelezelwa izingxoxo ngendaba indima abamele lezi zikhungo zomthetho uhlelo lukahulumeni. Ngakho, kwelinye imiqondo ethandwa kakhulu equkethwe izifushaniso lapho inkantolo izwe kufanele bafeze imisebenzi yabo ngesikhathi okokuqala, futhi kanjalo, ukuthola amandla, echaza umsebenzi, ikakhulukazi, izinkantolo wesifunda ukuthi kwandise kahle kwecala. Kulokhu, kwakudingekile ukuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa izinqumo yomthetho ezikhungo ezithintekile ezingeni sikahulumeni. Ngakho, phakathi ochwepheshe futhi wathola iphuzu ukusatshalaliswa buka, lapho umsebenzi izimantshi kumele kungayekwa libonise federal ezingeni Ukucabangela nezindaba womsebenzi zalezi zakhiwo. Ikakhulukazi, ezingeni elifanele tincumo kokumiswa kwabehluleli, ukusekelwa ngokwezimali nendwangu nemisebenzi yabo.

Kunjalo Ukwamukelwa umthetho ku izimantshi iye yenziwa kulezo ukwakhiwa lapho webumbacambili imisebenzi yabo iyonke balondolozwa. Sixoxe uhlelo zoMthetho Federal № 188 ukuthi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsebenzi lezi abameleli izinkantolo zokwahlulela izinqumo egameni Russian Federation, ngakolunye - oda wokusebenza kwabo kuxhomeke kakhulu imiphumela izishayamthetho ezindaweni. Le ndlela yokwenza kungabonwa ngochwepheshe njengoba ngokwanele ngempumelelo, ngoba ngakolunye uhlangothi, alisho endaweni ethile ye-abahluleli ukuthula ukwenza, ngakolunye - acabangele lesifunda ubudlelwane specificities.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ezingeni abakhulu isiqondiso sikahulumeni - inombolo uMthetho 188, iqukethe ulimi nokukhawulela ikhono izifunda ukwenza imithetho kuhluke kakhulu kulezo abonisa izithakazelo isikhungo sikahulumeni. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuya ukubeka zokukhokha imantshi ehhovisi. Angakwenza yini, njengoba vele sesiyazi, zokugcina iminyaka engaphezu kuka-5 Nokho, isikhathi ethize kungase kube kuncane kunokwabanye umkhawulo, futhi kuncike yokuma lesishaya lesifunda.

Noma kunjalo, lesi sikhungo wezomthetho izimantshi kubhekwe ngochwepheshe njengebalulekile kakhulu kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa umthetho eRussia, nokuvusa isiko wezomthetho izakhamuzi, zokuthuthukisa ukubuswa. Umthetho izimantshi ngokwanele isenzo olinganiselayo zomthetho, okuyinto, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inikeza esibalulekile amandla izifunda ngokuya elawula imisebenzi kwalezi zikhungo, ngakolunye - uqukethe ulimi anomthelela ekulondolozeni ubuqotho isimo lwebulungisa Russia ngokuya uyanda endaweni ethile okwenza izwe abahluleli, kanye nokunikezela usekelo nemisebenzi yabo yizinhlangano sikahulumeni.