Pirates kwezimoto waseSomalia

Bobani pirates waseSomalia? umsuka kanjani lokhu igenge? On zale mibuzo kanye neminye sizobe ngayo kulesi sihloko. pirates waseSomalia ngamaqembu yesimanje ahlomile, ngomhlatjelo imikhumbi okuthakazelisayo ngasogwini Somalia. Ziyakwazi ahlomile, njengoba umthetho, amabhomu iziqhumane kanye ezizishintshayo. Isetshenziswa njengophawu izitsha imoto tonnage (izikebhe, motor izikebhe, izikebhe zokudoba).

inhlangano

pirates waseSomalia ngokuvamile ahlelwe, kodwa hhayi uzilungiselele kahle. amanzi Wendawo ka Somalia babe isimo izindawo ukuthunyelwa elisekela asolwandle kwamanye amazwe kanye nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, kanye elihlomile (amaphoyisa, ezempi, zezenhlalakahle) izindawo umthwalo ukuqaphile, izulazula noma sithembele party. Ukuze ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha Ukuqondiswa kwemikhumbi, ukudunwa isinyathelo endaweni elaliqaphile amabutho we Navy isiRashiya, i-NATO oyilungu, India nakwamanye amazwe.

Ukwakheka amaqembu

pirates Somali - intsha iminyaka 20-35 of Putlenda (isimo self-wamemezela mpumalanga Somalia). Ngokwenhlangano yamazwe BBC, Pirates zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezinjalo abantu:

• ochwepheshe abasebenza ne inqubo, ikakhulukazi nge-GPS-imishini;
• abadobi bendawo abaziqondayo okuningi izimo zasolwandle;
• amasosha zangaphambili owaba nengxenye izimpi sangaphakathi Somalia njengengxenye Izinyunyana wendawo.

Association for amatilosi West Afrika wathola ukuthi kukhona mayelana ezinhlanu eziyisisekelo pirate kwamaqembu ezigelekeqe, okuyinto inezinkulungwane fighters ngaphansi izingalo.

Ukuvela ukudunwa

Kanjani futhi kungani iyiphi pirates waseSomalia? Kusukela ngo-1991, leli zwe liye cishe baphela njengesizwe isimo eyodwa, ihlukaniswe izindawo isenzo neziphathimandla zendawo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uhlelo lwezimali kanye umnotho eyodwa akusho isebenze kuyo.

Izwe ligcwele izikhali. Nale ehilelekile nzima ukwakha ayihlomele ngokuphelele Ukuguduza ithimba. Uhulumeni wasekhaya (noma kunalokho, abaholi bendabuko kanye kweziphathimandla zempi) noma ehilelekile ukudoba pirate noma ovala amehlo kuye. Akukhona nesithakazelo esikhulu kulokho okufanekiselwa iyiphi fighters kokuphikiswa, njengoba abanakho nomthelela isimo sakhe yobuhlanga.

aseqalile kanjani waseSomalia pirates kwezimoto? Eduze kulelizwe amanga imikhumbi imizila enqamula Suez Canal ezivela e-Asia kanye Gulf luya eMedithera. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ngokuvamile uye enkantolo, kulandela emachwebeni Riviera Indian noma Afrika babo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi eYurophu nase-Asia ngempela ngokuvamile sangena phakathi izivumelwano ukuhweba. Ngenxa yalokho, ukugeleza umxhwele okusanhlamvu okubalulekile imikhumbi ibe sisindvo setintfo ukuze uthwebule okungenzeka.

Ukudunwa kulesi sifunda planethi kusukela ngo-2004, waqala ukuthuthukisa ngesivinini ngesivinini esikhulu. Interethnic Maritime Bureau libike ukuthi emanzini waseSomalia kusukela ekuqaleni 2008 on shumbi wezokuThutha yibo ukuhlaselwa kuka-100. Phakathi nale nkathi, namabutho bakwazi ukuyokudla izitsha 40, 13 babo badedelwa kuze kube manje. In ekuthunjweni abantu mayelana 268 ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene kuze kube yilolu suku.

Kusukela 10 kuya 16 Novemba 2008 e-ukuhlaselwa endaweni 11 (Imikhumbi ezintathu wadunwa imoto), futhi iqoshwe ezine iziqephu lapho amaphoyisa adubula kwathengiswa. IPirates esetshenziswa njalo, izingalo sasivumela enamandla amancane, ngisho iziqhumane, kodwa namanje esandleni sabo yiyo angabhubhi, akukho itilosi. Mhlawumbe lokhu ixhunyiwe ukulungela nokunyanyisayo nge iqhinga ngamabomu Abashokobezi, abaziqondayo ukuthi uma igazi elichithwe, ulinde kubo loMfula ukuphishekela eqinile. Yingakho Pirates maqondana labayisibambiso, amatilosi abaqotho, futhi sikhulu kakhulu isidingo sesihlengo ezivela ezinkampanini kanye bezinkampani abanikazi wezimpahla imikhumbi.

Yiqiniso, ukuzingelwa pirates waseSomalia ivulekile. amabutho Ethnic kanye namabutho ezikhethekile lamazwe ukuthi Uthumele sigameko lwabo oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi esifundeni, kukhona umlilo ngokuya evulekile. Ngo-2010, amasosha agxeka Russian amabutho ezikhethekile ekwenzeni 10 pirates ngaphandle kwecala. Lesi senzakalo senzeka ngemva kokukhululwa kwe ngamaloli Russian.

Ngo-2011, ngo-February 22, isimo sesishintshile: pirates ukuphila bancishwa US abathunjwa ku yacht wabanjwa, okuyinto bawaxosha umkhumbi American. Oshayasibhamu bavulele wempi kusukela RPG, kodwa aphuthelwe. Ngemva kwalokho 4 izakhamuzi US aye abulawa emigwaqweni lalesi sikebhe.

ukuphendula interethnic

Lapho ekulweni pirates waseSomalia? Ngo-2008, 7 Okthoba,-UN Security Council yokutholwa inombolo Ukulungiswa 1838, okwenza ukuba uthi ukusebenzisa Lasemoyeni kanye Navy kule ngxabano.

Ngo-2008, 8 Disemba, EU umkhankaso "Operation Atlanta" kanye nenombolo iqembu op okuxubile 151 yasungulwa ngoJanuwari 2009.

Okubaluleke ngokuyinhloko inombolo isinqumo 1816, eyamukelwa-UN Security Council ngo-2008. Okungukuthi, iqalisa izisekelo ukuze silwe ukudunwa ngasogwini Somalia.

Operatives bakwazi ukubamba Imininingwane fighters 500, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu kubani badedelwa kamuva. Ngo-2010, ngo-Ephreli, ngesikhathi isinyathelo Russia lathatha isinqumo we-UN Security Council on umshushisi ephumelelayo ukudunwa.

Izimpi lokuqala asolwandle

Kuyaziwa ukuthi uzothatha indondo yokulwa pirates waseSomalia TFR "Abangesabi" waklonyeliswa operatives eziningi. Mashi 4, 2003 izigcwelegcwele ulwandle ehlaselwa umkhumbi waseRussia "Moneron" flying aye eKenya Saudi Arabia. pirates Seven ezimbili motor izikebhe waxosha isitsha cishe ihora, siqhumisa kusuka amabhomu iziqhumane kanye izibhamu.

Ngezinye km 160 evela ogwini Somalia, Novemba 5, 2005, oshayasibhamu ehlaselwa ship, "Seaborn Nomoya" okwabangelwa u-Alexandria ukuba Seychelles. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngo-2005 i-pirates baye bahlela kuphangwa ezinye 23.

Battle nge corsairs, okuyinto zihilelekile ezimbili imikhumbi US Navy (ngumbhubhisi kanye impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu missile) kwenzeka ngo 2006. Le mpi ubhekwa kolwandle impi yokuqala yekhulu xxi. Kumele wanezela ukuthi UN World Food Programme laqasha ngomkhumbi wezimpahla, "Rosen", futhi ngo-2007 waba lathunjwa pirates. Ngawo lowo nyaka bona zibophe ngamaloli Japanese.

Ukulahlekelwa ngo-2011

Ngo-2011, pirates waseSomalia ziye zabangela umonakalo 6.6-6.9-dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Lokhu ingafundwa embikweni Oceans Beyond ukudunwa (American Foundation project Omunye Umhlaba Ikusasa).

2012

pirates waseSomalia uthande ukuba izithombe kanye indondo. Esikhathini Sea Arabhiya 2012, May 10, bagibela umkhumbi YesiGreki "Smyrni" uyeza ngaphansi ifulege Liberia. It zithutha ayizinkulungwane 135. Amathani kawoyela ongahluziwe.

BaseYurophu okokuqala ngo-2012, ku-15 Meyi, pirates ixoshe on ezweni eSomalia. Umkhankaso ukuhlaselwa missile kusukela izindiza emoyeni iqhaza ekusebenzeni, yafakwa ngo-Navy eYurophu imikhumbi izulazula eGulf of Aden. Umkhuzi amabutho angumfelandawonye Europe esifundeni, engemuva Admiral Potts Dankan uthe labadubuli kwaba ichashaza nowasekhaya abahlali abalimalanga. BaseYurophu nabaseMelika akekho owalimala. Iliphi izwe ephethwe izindiza, kungukuthi kubika.

Ngenxa izenzo sokusebenzisana yobuhlanga kusukela ngoMeyi 2012 kuya ku-May 2013 ulwandle abaphangi kuhlulekile ukubamba umkhumbi owodwa. Ukuqedwa ukudunwa odlale indima ebalulekile kanye nokusebenza iqembu olukhethekile amaphoyisa asolwandle Putlenda. Forces of yile nhlangano babe uqothule ezweni elisekela izidlamlilo. Ngemva indalo yayo corsairs kufanele ahambe Galmudugskoe ogwini.

imiphumela kwezomnotho

Umonakalo kusuka imisebenzi pirates waseSomalia luyanda njalo ngonyaka. Ubukhulu lwezihlengo ziye zanda kakhulu, zihlobene usayizi imikhumbi lithunjwa. Uma ubukade akazange idlule inani 400-500 eziyinkulungwane. Dollar, namuhla kakade kufana abangaba yizigidi ezingu-5.

uhlelo cruise

Bavele "Somalia" izinkambo ngo-2009. Pirates abantu dopekli kakhulu kangangokuba abanye baqala inthanethi ukukhangisa Cruises nasogwini kuleli zwe. kokuhamba hlelo ngo-2009 gade kuwufanele kuphela $ 1,500. Abahleli ahlinzekwa ekuzingeleni ungajeziswa for pirates kusuka isikhali ozithandayo.

Wabika ukuthi umkhumbi wabo ngeke ngomkhumbi kanye waseSomalia Pomerania, belindele corsairs kuhlasela. Izivakashi bamenywa ukuba bangenise izikhali zabo nabo noma uyiqashe kusuka abagqugquzeli cruise.

Lo mkhumbi kwakufanele ukuphuma Mombasa (Nigeria) uhambe nasogwini Somalia ukuba Djibouti, lapho uhambo iphelile. Kwabikwa ukuthi umkhumbi zonke isihambi ungathola engamakhulu khulula Tracer amachashazi. Adventurous tour iziqondiso wayethembise ukuthi pirates sizohlasela okungenani kabili. Futhi uma lokhu akwenzeki, wagomela ukuthi isigamu ukubuya izindleko cruise.