Umthwalo izikweletu izindlalifa umufi: isihloko se-Code Civil nge imibono

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi kufanele kube yindlalifa - delo.Mozhno inzuzo uthole indawo, imoto nanobe ngabe nguyiphi imphahla. Kodwa lapho ukhohlwe ukuthi ngaphezu inzuzo zifike izindlalifa nesibopho izikweletu we testator. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isihlobo ocebile awukwazi nje ushiye villa, yacht kanye nezemidlalo imoto, kodwa futhi multi-abayizigidi ezingu-dollar izikweletu emalini ebolekwe, Umbuso indawo izikweletu.

Impendulo osegcekeni: "Angazi lutho" kuyinto umuntu singenakwenzeka uyoba nesithakazelo ke. Sizama ukuba balungiselele esimweni lapho isihlobo ushiye ngemuva benganamukeli izigidi zamadola kanye nezikweletu ezinkulu, ngenxa yokuthi umthwalo izikweletu wezindlalifa le testator sika lelipelwe kule nomthetho. Okuningi kule kamuva.

Umthwalo izikweletu izindlalifa umufi: komthetho wamaRoma

Izimpande zomlando yesiko ukuzuza hhayi kuphela impahla kanye nempahla, kodwa futhi izibopho ahlukahlukene esukela emuva komthetho wamaRoma. Yilapho lokulawula ukudluliselwa nemalungelo kanye netibopho sangasese umthetho uhlamvu emva oshonile kwamanye izihlobo. Ngokuphathelene umthetho wemvelo, bese kucatshangwa ukunikeza kuphela abazali nezingane zabo. Okungukuthi, ngokusho kwakhe, akukho izikweletu kanye nezibopho ngeke ngocansi, kodwa impahla abathile kuphela.

Kodwa eRoma yasendulo, lesi simo akuyona kwakhiwa ngokushesha. Sekuyisikhathi eside impahla oshonile sasibhekene "umndeni", "igama", endaweni incazelo yesimanje lokhu kusho ukuthi, phakathi kwawo wonke izihlobo, futhi imisebenzi yakhe aqhubeka.

Imithetho uJustinian uyishintshile kwesokudla, bese uqala ukuvela izindlalifa nesibopho izikweletu we testator, kanye nezibopho zayo. Yiqiniso, imisebenzi yemvelo siqu umyeni wakhe, uyise ayizange ophoqelelwe ukwenza. Nokho, umsebenzi walo uhlamvu umphakathi, isibonelo, sivikelwe sihamba izindlalifa. Uma bona abazange bazi mayelana izikweletu ahlukahlukene kanye nezikweletu kwesihlobo oshonile, awusebenzi zivimbele kubo kusukela isimo esemthethweni ukuza. Abaningi imithetho yomthetho waseRoma lapho futhi manje umthetho wethu.

Civil Code. Article 1175: izindlalifa nesibopho izikweletu we testator

Modern Civil Code sinika sokudlulisela umnikazi omusha impahla hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ezihlukahlukene izikweletu amathuluzi kuhilela impahla haraktera.Eto Art. 1175 "Umuntu onecala izikweletu izindlalifa salowo oshonile." Kodwa kule kuyinsakavukela zomthetho ingenye sici - ayinayo incazelo ecacile ezikweletini. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda kangcono ziye ngijwayele nezinye izihloko Code Civil, kodwa umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama eziyisisekelo, sizozama ukwenza out.

Uma "injabulo" ukukhokha izikweletu angaphandle?

"Injabulo" ukukhokhela ukuzinikela zezimali yomunye kuza ngesikhathi engena ifa. Yiqiniso, lo isakhamuzi kungaba awazi lutho izikweletu woshonile, kodwa endabeni ukwamukelwa esemthethweni isimo esisha wezomthetho "ukungawazi umthetho asikho isizathu esamukelekayo '.Lokhu kusho ukuthi wavumelana efulethini - kube uhlobo, ukukhokhela izibopho ngayo umniniso wasekuqaleni. Futhi zingaba khona eziningana:

• Ukuboleka kusukela credit nezinye izikhungo zezimali.
• Isibopho ukukhokha intela.
• Izikweletu Tinsita kanye nezindlu.

Imisebenzi bemvelo siqu

Yiqiniso, isimo somuntu siqu kufanele ivalwe kusukela ngosuku ukufa isakhamuzi. Okungukuthi, indlalifa akaphoqelekile ukuqhubeka ukukhokha nesondlo izingane ezincane woshonile, njengoba kwakunjalo eRoma yasendulo.

Nokho, uma izikweletu zanqwabelana ukondla obushade naye emuva kwesehlukaniso iminyaka langaphambilini, kuyodingeka ukhokhe onikeziwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho kubo, ukuze kusizakale bemvelo siqu kungenziwa labizwa ngokuthi ezahlukene okungezona yezimali noma impahla umonakalo. Ngokwesibonelo, isakhamuzi babalimaza komzimba komunye. Inkantolo yamgweba ukubakhokhela isinxephezelo zokuziphatha ukuze isisulu, kodwa washona. Kulokhu, umthwalo akezi izindlalifa izikweletu we testator. Code Civil icala wabhekisela imisebenzi bemvelo siqu.

Indlela ukwehlukana izikweletu?

Umkhawulo we isikweletu wezindlalifa izikweletu we testator kuthiwa uma kuncike share ukuba atholakale transferee. Ngokwesibonelo, isakhamuzi kwesokunxele kvartiru.Rodstvennikov, okuyinto yaba izingxenye alinganayo, kwaba ezine. Ngenxa yalokho, bonke kweletu ezihlobene impahla-kamufi kufanele ihlukaniswe izingxenye 4 ngenani abazolandela esikhundleni.

Kuthiwani uma "hung" sikweletu esisodwa?

Cases ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho "wabe i orange" imikhaya eminingi, kanye Inkantolo igwebe yibhange imali ukukhokhela omunye. Abantu abaningi buza umbuzo: Ingabe kusemthethweni? Empeleni, yebo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zonke izindlalifa kukhona izikweletu nesibopho se-testator, amabhange nezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene ngezinye izikhathi amangalele owalandela.

Inkinga wukuthi ezimweni eziningi nezilingo ezinjalo musa usola lutho, "lucky." Funda mayelana nabo kuphela uma umsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo vusa ukukhiqizwa esiphezulu, okuyinto kususwe ngokomthetho kusukela akhawunti asebhange lemali ukhishwa.

Wawo ukuthi bafuna ukumangalela yasebhange ukuze ibuyisele le mali kuyinto engenamsebenzi, kusukela, ngokulandela umthetho, yonke izinqubo Kuye ilandelwe. Izimpikiswano ukuthi "wayengazi inkantolo," "Angithunyelwanga kwabanye axwayisa ngawo ukuthi 'musa ibuyisele le mali. Yiqiniso, ungazama ukukhansela isinqumo senkantolo, kodwa ukubuyisela imali kungaba nzima nakakhulu.

Kulokhu, lapho iza ilungelo lokho okubizwa ngomlobokazi Sokuzivikela - indlalifa ababekhokhela unilaterally sonke izikweletu woshonile, noma inani lemali ukuthi mkhulu kunabo bukhona ilungelo owafuna ngokusebenzisa inkantolo nalo lonke abazolandela imali eyengeziwe ikhokhwe.

Uma indlalifa ufile ngaphambi entry ifa

Okufanele ukwenze ezimweni lapho transferee bafa phambi ukwamukelwa esisemthethweni umiphi endabeni? Bani kulokhu ngeke athwale imithwalo ningasakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu? It kuvela ukuthi kuleli cala aliphumi babe necala lobugebengu ukuze izikweletu izindlalifa we testator, kanye impahla.

Nasi isibonelo: Isakhamuzi esithile ingena ifa kwesokunxele isakhamuzi B, kodwa efa ngaphambi ukuqashelwa olusemthethweni isimo esingokomthetho entsha. Kulokhu, izingane nezihlobo kodwa ngeke oluvelele ezibophweni ezingokwezimali B, njengoba Kodwa ngokusemthethweni akazange abe nesikhathi ukwamukela ifa. Kodwa izihlobo komhiaba B Futhi musa ukuthole.

Izinsuku zokungena

Amabhange ngokuvamile silahle kuze kube ngomzuzu wokugcina enkantolo phezu abazolandela entsha. Isizathu licacile: isikhathi eside ukubambezeleka, kulapho ungakwazi vysudit izindlalifa ongaqaphile abe lutho. Kodwa akumelwe sikhohlwe mayelana nezidingo isikhathi, okungukuthi, lokho okushiwo yisimiso ukulinganiselwa.

Okwamanje, bonke zokuthenga ngesikweletu kanye nezinkampani kumelwe wenze yesimangalo ngaphakathi engu-3, ngokuvumelana Code Civil. Nokho, ngosuku oqala kwesikhathi akuqali ekupheleni kwesikhathi, usale nezikweleti, kokubili ezimweni ezejwayelekile yomphakathi kuphela, kodwa kusukela lapho kufa testator. Uma kungakapheli iminyaka emithathu, ibhange ayizange safuna izikweletu, bese-ke uhamba ku ukulahlekelwa lalo. Dinga emva kwalesi sikhathi akekho umuntu unelungelo lokubamba.

Uma izikweletu ingaphezu ifa

Abanye unesithakazelo umbuzo, uyini indlalifa yimaphi izikweletu we testator, uma inani nezikweletu phezu amafa wathola. Kulokhu, onikeziwe akanayo ukukhokhela nabo, njengoba umthetho ngeke idlule ukubaluleka ifa.

Indima ummeli olungisa izivumelwano

Ummeli olungisa izivumelwano unomthwalo ukuze kulondolozwe impahla ngofuzo. Ngemva kokufa abakweletwayo Unelungelo ezinyangeni ezingu 6 (lesi sikhathi ziqondiswe udaba yefa), amnike nesitatimende izidingo izikweletu.

A ummeli olungisa izivumelwano unelungelo ukwanelisa izimfuno zabo futhi ukulahla impahla okweletayo oshonile ukuze zihambelane nabo. Igunya lwalolu hlelo kuhlanganisa kuphela isitatimende yokubhalisa kanye nabantu abakweletwayo uqaphela lwamadoda alandela ezingaba khona.

Kodwa njengoba umthetho, amabhange abaningi abanayo leli lungelo, futhi bazobopha izindlalifa ngemva ukwamukelwa of wonke amalungelo, "hhayi okwesabisa away" ikusasa abakweletayo, lapho sizokwazi ukumangalela lemali enkantolo. Kungenjalo, la macala ngizokuya ukulahlekelwa of credit izikhungo.

Yini odinga ukuyazi indlalifa esizayo

Coming ku ilungelo lokuyithola njengefa, khumbula:

• Ukungazi mayelana izikweletu kanye nezibopho ehlukahlukene yezezimali abagonyiwe emthwalweni yokukhokha. Umthetho uhlinzekela ukuthi owalandela esizayo zomthetho kufanele, kungakapheli isikhathi esiyizinyanga ezingama-6 ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana wena ngokwakho.
• Ndawonye namafa adluliselwe izikweletu salowo oshonile.
• Ukunqaba libe yifa nhlobo zonke izikweletu we testator.
• Ithemu nezikweletu zezimali nezidingo kungagcini iminyaka emithathu. Iqala ngokushesha ngemva kokufa testator. Emva kwalesi sikhathi, akekho umuntu unelungelo ukuba zitshele ukuzibophezela bangena ukulahlekelwa ibhizinisi.
• Zonke izindlalifa ngokuhlanganyela futhi severally uyokhokhiswa yisabelo izikweletu umufi silingane isabelo sefa.
• Uma impahla kwaba esingaphansi ezibophweni ezingokwezimali, umthetho enikeziwe ngenxa yokwenqaba ubakhokhela. Ngamanye amazwi, awukwazi kuphela ukuthola izikweletu.

Sithemba ukuthi isihloko izoba wusizo, ngoba akekho owaziyo ukuthi yini singalindela kusasa. Njengoba Bathi, nasi isixwayiso - is forearmed.