Izingane ezibhekwa izingane kuze emingaki? Izingane ezisencane: definition

Ngo umtsetfo lokhona kukhona iqoqo imiqondo. Phakathi kwabo - the "umntwana" futhi "intsha engamahlongandlebe." Lemigomo linencazelo ethi ayifane, kodwa ukungezwani phakathi. Kufika ukuthi mdala eyingane has a isimo esifanayo? Ngokomthetho Russian - kuze kube iminyaka engu-14 futhi kusukela engu-14 kuya ku-18 ubudala - izingane. It kuvela ukuthi phakathi kuka 6 no 14 ubudala - usemncane kakhulu.

Lezi zigaba yezakhamuzi unamalungelo nezibopho, okuyinto avikelekile ngokomthetho. Abakwazi ukusebenzisa amasevisi ezempilo, imfundo, ukuthuthukisa, iyophumula. Up iminyaka engu-18 banesibophezelo sezenzo zabo elala nabazali. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye yobudala isakhamuzi benomthwalo wemfanelo wezenzo zakhe, kanye nokunikeza ilungelo.

Ubani ingane?

Igama elithi "ingane" ukhona emthethweni. Basuke kubhekwa komuntu ongaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala. It kuvela ukuthi umuntu nge lokuzalwa futhi ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi kuyoba ingane. Yena sinikezwe nemalungelo kanye netibopho, kuye ngokuthi isimo sabo. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, isakhamuzi ayibonwa ngumuntu ingane engaphansi kwengu-18.

Lapho kukhululwa kufakwe the Civil Code, umuntu engu-16 ubhekwa abanekhono uma eqashwe ngaphansi inkontileka umsebenzi nge kwemvume yabazali. Futhi, ngaphandle umshado kwengu-18. umthamo Legal kwabancane iqinile e Art. 28 we Code Civil.

isigaba kwezingane

Abancane kanye abasha - izingane kuze iminyaka engu-18. Lezi zigaba yezakhamuzi amalungelo abo. Umqondo "juvenile", engu kusuka ekuzalweni kuya eminyakeni 14. amalungelo nemisebenzi yakhe afakiwe imibhalo ehlukahlukene zomthetho. Minor uzelwe engu-14 kuya ku-18.

Lezi zigaba sabantu kungaba amalungelo ehlukene kanye nezibopho. Ingane kuze kube iminyaka engu-14 kuthiwe siphelelwe amandla, futhi-ke abazali umthwalo walokho. Ngemva kulonyaka, kukhona umthamo esinqunyiwe, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukungena ukuthengiselana encane, futhi iza umthamo ngokuphelele 18.

amalungelo ayisisekelo

Russian Family Code kuhlanganisa wonke amalungelo abantwana abancane, okumele ilandelwe. The main kuyinto isidingo zonke izingane ekhaya. Ngale ndlela umntwana unelungelo lemfundo abazali, ukumela, ukuthuthukiswa, nenhlonipho. Uma umama nobaba akudingeki, Abameli we eyingane enze umsebenzi wabo. Kungaba umnakekeli, sivikelwe igunya.

Kukhona ilungelo kwengane ukuxhumana nabazali babo. Akekho ongaba enqabela kuye ukubona izihlobo zakhe. Lokhu kusebenza futhi amacala kokuhlukana kwabazali '. Ingane ivikelwe ekuhlukunyezweni lezihlobo.

Okuqakathekileko ilungelo igama, igama phakathi, isibongo. Shintsha idatha iminyaka engu-14 kungenzeka kuphela imvume kubazali. Uma ingane 10 iminyaka, idatha efana ushintshwe kuphela kwemvume yakhe. Angaba aveze owakhe umbono embuzweni, ohlobene, ngakho ukumenywa ukuba ekhotho.

Lapho kukhona kungukuphula izithakazelo eseyingane angafaka isicelo sivikelwe, futhi iminyaka engu-14 - enkantolo. Lokhu kusebenza futhi amacala non-abazali imisebenzi, abahlukumeza amalungelo abo, ukusebenza engafanele imfundo. Encane unelungelo ukuze avikeleke emimoyeni ulwazi ingozi empilweni noma ukuthuthukiswa zokuziphatha.

Kukhona amalungelo athile maqondana kwezingane. eminyakeni engu-14 abakwazi ukusebenza, futhi ngemva kokufinyelela ukuthi unyaka kuphela ingxenye, kodwa uma ufuna, futhi imvume yabazali. Lapho lo msebenzi akuvunyelwe ngezimpelasonto, ebusuku. Umsebenzi kumele akwazi ukukwenza.

izithakazelo impahla

Kufika ukuthi mdala eyingane unelungelo ukuthola kubazali babo? Umama nobaba kumele ahlinzeke impahla yayo iminyaka engu-18. Phakathi naleso sehlukaniso ukukhokha nesondlo, futhi ngemva kokufa okungenani oyedwa kubazali - impesheni. Futhi wabeka izinzuzo khashana phi imali esetshenziselwe zonke izidingo ezidingekayo ingane.

Inkantolo ngesisekelo imfuneko umzali, okuyinto okhokhela nesondlo, anganquma ku ukudluliswa kweemali hhayi ngaphezu kwesigamu inani ukondla obushade naye emuva kwesehlukaniso kuya-akhawunti yengane. Kungase uthole izimali, impahla njengesipho noma ifa. Ingane ayinakho ubunikazi impahla abazali, njengoba bejabulela ukuba kwemvume.

kumiswa

Lokhu kuqinisekiswa nguMthethosisekelo imibhalo sikahulumeni. Ilungelo imfundo ingenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu, ngakho izingane zithole izikhungo zemfundo nokuqeqesha. Kubalulekile ukuhambisana nayo yonke izithakazelo:

• imfundo ngesisekelo izindinganiso ezamukelwayo;
• Yiqiniso okusheshayo;
• ukusetshenziswa khulula imitapo yolwazi neminye imininingwane;
• imfundo eyengeziwe;
• iqhaza ekuphathweni ezikhungweni zemfundo;
• ukuthola eziyisisekelo imfundo jikelele ngolimi lwabo;
• ukudlulisa kwesinye isikhungo nge kwemvume abazali;
• kokushiya isikhungo nge kwemvume abazali;
• Ngokuqhubeka imfundo;
• ukukhetha uhlobo imfundo.

Kufika ukuthi mdala eyingane kumele zifunde? Ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi akuyona impoqo kodwa okungenani eziyisisekelo imfundo jikelele. Okunye ozikhethela kwenzeka. isimo Legal evumela izingane ukuthola imfundo yesibili okugcwele. Ezemfundo isikhungo zasenkulisa lizokhokhiswa. sokufundela yesibili bese kuthi imfundo ephakeme kungenziwa ezikhokhelwayo khulula.

zokwelashwa

Emkhakheni wezempilo engamahlongandlebe inikeza izinzuzo ezilandelayo:

• esikhungweni sokwelapha le nkinga;
• usizo lezempilo nezenhlalo;
• ukukhucululwa kwendle nenhlanzeko imfundo;
• ukuthola ulwazi mayelana impilo.

Kufika ukuthi mdala eyingane uthola imithi yokwelashwa nge kwemvume abazali? Lokhu kwenzeka ngaphambi abaneminyaka engu-14. Futhi kusukela engu-15 kuya ku-18 izingane nabadala banganikeza uvumela kokungenela wezokwelapha e ezempilo, futhi ziwushiye.

Leisure nokuzijabulisa

Ingane ungaba ukuphumula endaweni izikhungo zezempilo ehlobo. Abazali ukuthola ithikithi wena, bese wenze isinxephezelo isicelo nemali oyisebenzisile. ngesihloko ngasinye has inkokhelo yayo isithakazelo. Isimo inikeza uxhaso:

• izaphulelo for ngcono;
• ukudla izingane emakamu;
• ukuhamba on izithuthi zomphakathi.

Abazali kufanele afune i isitatimende afanele neziphathimandla zendawo ukuze sivale lapho sisilela lezi zindleko. Ezimweni eziningi, ungakwazi ukubuyela okungenani ingxenye izimali.

okwatholakala ebusuku

Kukhona kuvinjelwe ukuhlala kwezingane ezindaweni zomphakathi ebusuku:

• emigwaqweni;
• izinkundla;
• emapaki;
• emapaki;
• e ezokuthutha zomphakathi.

Futhi, bona banqatshelwe kokuvela ezindaweni kwezohwebo kanye iIgama wemboni. Abakwazi avele khona kuphela nabazali bazo noma nezinye izikhulu eziphezulu. Ebusuku izingane iqala amahora 22 futhi uphela ngo-6 ekuseni. Ngo isihloko isikhathi esichithwa ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu isizini futhi esifundeni ingozi ngamunye.

umthamo Legal kwabancane

Mayelana nekhono kwabancane ezishiwo Art. 28 we Code Civil. Leli gama kusho ukwenza isenzo ahlukene ukuthengiselana. Uma namanje akudingeki engu-14, izimo ezinjalo zenziwa abantu abadala. Engu-6 kuya 14, izingane zinelungelo ukwenza lokhu okulandelayo:

• ukuthengiselana elincane;
• isinyathelo izinzuzo oludlulele eyamukelayo;
• imali ukuze ngenkululeko nabazali.

umthamo Legal esukela kwengu-14 kuya ku-18

Izingane eminyakeni 14-18 kakade ezinye ukuzimela civil. Zingase bachithe imali siqu: iholo, scholarship, futhi akadingi imvume yabazali. Lokhu kusebenza futhi kuvulwa akhawunti asebhange kanye imali, ukuqaliswa kwe-copyright, ukwenza ukuthengiselana encane.

Nokho kahle asikapheleli. Zingase cha, ngaphandle kwemvume yabazali ukushada, futhi ukuphetha ukuthengiselana ezinkulu, ezifana ukuthenga impahla. umthwalo ke Zithwala ngokwabo. Up iminyaka engu-18, ingane ayikwazi ukuvota, kanye ukuphatha ezokuthutha noma abe sehhovisi. imithetho efanayo fixed ngumthetho.

Ukukhokha Abancane

Umndeni nezingane Unelungelo ukusebenzisa izinzuzo wombuso. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ngcono izinto zokuphila komkhaya. Ezinye izinzuzo zihlanganisa:

• intela ebanjwayo: Beka nokukhokhwa 1400 ruble kwengane ngayinye;
• abazali abangabodwa: uthole ukukhokhelwa enkulu;
• ingane ekhubazekile: ubeke ukukhokhelwa yokwelapha kanye nesondlo;
• umsebenzi kwabesifazane: omama nezingane ezivela engu-3 kuya ku-14 ubudala abavunyelwe ukuba asebenze isikhathi esengeziwe, travel;
• Imikhaya emikhulu: umkhaya izingane ezingaphezu kuka-3, inqobo kvarplaty wehlise usayizi-30%, travel khulula on izithuthi zomphakathi, amabhange kanye nezinye izinzuzo.

izinzuzo Social kudingeka ukuze ondle umndeni, ngcono ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo.

ezincane Indawo

Izingane kumelwe uphile abazali babo, abaqaphi, abazalwa. Uma kungenjalo, khona-ke abasekho e sokunakekela ekhethekile. Ingane ingase ihlale ngokwahlukana bezingane zabo, lapho ukwelashwa senzeka. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-14 kungenzeka ukukhetha indawo yokuhlala, kodwa ngemva kokuthola imvume kubazali.

Lapho abazali bahlala ngaphandle, kubalulekile ukuze bavumelane nendawo yokuhlala kwabancane. Lapho obunokuthula izindlela azisebenzi ke ezinqunywa namajaji. Ngokusho Art. 65 Ikhodi Family, ngokubona izingane. Inkantolo kufanele inake izithakazelo ezincane, ikhumbula lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• nobuntu nabazali;
• schedule umsebenzi wabo;
• umcebo;
• isimo somshado;
• Ubuhlobo nengane;
• khona ezinye izingane;
• impilo yabazali ';
• yokuthola ikhaya kusukela semfundo;
• ukubukwa wengane ineminyaka engaphezu 10.

Inkantolo akhethiwe endaweni yokuhlala kwengane nomzali okwaziyo ukunikeza izimo zokuphila ezivamile, imfundo nentuthuko. Ukuxazulula le nkinga ngaphansi kwesivumelwano kuyindlela elihle kunawo, njengoba singasebenzi kulimaze izingane ezincane. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuze siqinisekise idokhumenti kwasayinwa. In the ukungabikho abazali yonke imithwalo zithwalwe State. It is kulawulwa Ikhodi Family. Futhi ilawula sivikelwe.

zokuba umuntu omdala

Man ngemva kweminyaka engu-18 wamukelwe, ngoba ingakwazi ukulawula amalungelo okwenza imisebenzi kanye nemiphumela yezenzo zazo. It kuvela ukuthi kuba ekwaziyo.

Nge iminyaka e kwesokudla yisakhamuzi ukushayela, umshado, ngokujoyina, nokuzibandakanya nokhetho 18. Ubuye i zokuphatha, isigebengu, icala civil.

zigcwele

Nakuba iningi umthamo, isakhamuzi akanayo zonke izici. Ngokwesibonelo, ilungelo lokuvota kwenzeka zibukele kuphela: lingakhetha, kodwa hhayi ukuba wakhethwa njengosuku balloting iqala 21.

Ukuze iqhaza wokhetho lobumengameli, kubalulekile ukulinda iminyaka engu-35. Ngenxa yalokho, amandla Imininingwane izovela kamuva. Kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kuphela kubantu kwezinye izici zokuphila lapho amancane.

Kweminyaka esemthethweni engu-18

Iningi is hhayi njalo kuchazwa eminyakeni. Kukhona 2 izici kwenzeka ngaphansi okuyinto ngaphambili:

• umshado;
• Ukukhululwa.

Nakuba Ikhodi Umkhaya yokukhwelana iza ubudala, kodwa kukhona izimo ezikhethekile lapho kungenzeka umshado akuvunyelwe kusukela engu-16. umthamo Legal iqala ukuqashwa olusemthethweni noma ukuqala ibhizinisi yabo.

Ngakho-ke, amandla akusho ukuthi usethe iminyaka engu-18. Lapho ukwabela le isimo is kunakwe izici eziningi zokuphila eziyinhlanganisela. Kuye lokhu, isakhamuzi izuza amalungelo nezibopho.

amalungelo Ingane kwalandelelwa sivikelwe. Uma kukhona ukwephulwa phezu ingxenye abazali noma abanye abantu, abasebenzi ungafaka isicelo enkantolo noma ehhovisi lomshushisi. Uqinisile iphoqelelwe izithakazelo ingane.