Kale: incazelo, izici kulinywe, izinhlobo, izithombe

Ekupheleni kwekwindla, lapho amasimu akunalutho, kanye utshani emadlelweni kubonakale egqwalile, ungabona ipulazi izitshalo namanzi futhi fresh. Lokhu Kale, okuyinto akesabi ngenyanga. Ngo kwathatha ekudleni ebusika zalesi sihlahla evumela ukuba imfuyo eside ngangokunokwenzeka ukunikeza feed green amacala abo. Kale kakhulu othanda izinkomo, izimbuzi, onogwaja nezinye izilwane barnyard.

Umlando omncane

Europe yabhekisela isitshalo enkulu amnandi isikhathi eside. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ke ukuwela ezincwadini zesiGreki futhi sasendulo saseRoma. isiko is kancane kancane bahlakazeka besuka emazweni asogwini European emhlabeni. Le nguqulo izenzakalo kusekelwe yokuthi izinhlobo eziningi iklabishi zasendle ezitholakala ogwini Europe kuphela, e-Asia awayona.

I Kale Russian kwathi ngekhulu le-18. Nokho, akunjalo usekhulile eziningi. Lokhu isiko isikhathi eside ungathathi impande ezweni lethu, ngoba abantu abanaso nje ubona ukuthi utshalomali encane uzokhokha for ngokwalo izikhathi eziningi, futhi izinga zabasebenzi isilwane feeds. Kuze kube manje, isiko Simila hhayi kuphela e-Russia kodwa futhi emkhakheni-Ukraine, iMoldova, Azerbaijan, Estonia, nokunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo eziningi baye bathuthela kwezilwandle futhi zikhule kahle Melika, i-Afrika, i-New Zealand nase-Australia, baye bazivumelanisa nezimo zezulu sendawo.

Incazelo Jikelele isiko

Kale, ogama lakhe liyazikhulumela, alisetshenziswa salads. Amahlamvu aso kukhona kakhulu onzima ukuthi. Lokhu imifino cruciferous omkhaya iklabishi, okuyinto Isici ukungabi oluphelele amakhanda. Emibuthanweni zezemfundo, kwezinhlobo is ngaphansi kwegama Brassica subspontanea Lizg ezaziwayo.

Ukuze isiko biennial uMhloli Wemiqulu libhekene obukhulu induku branched impande ukuqina engxenyeni engenhla. Lesi sitshalo yimani niqonde Stumpy ewugqinsi (stebleplod), ubukhulu bayo lingafika ku-5 cm. Isiqu ungase ube cylindrical noma othini lokuphotha emise. ukuphakama kwakhe - kusuka 35 kuya 200 cm Iklabishi eshiya olunezintambo-ezimise noma ovate-oblong .. Ziyakwazi ezinkulu kanye ngobubanzi. Kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili yemvelo, okuyinto zingafani degree of zinyakaze bese umbala amahlamvu:

1. Scotland - amahlamvu abacaphuni uye crimped kukhona umbala grey-oluhlaza.
2. ESiberia - engaphansi abacaphuni, amahlamvu kuyinto umbala esiluhlaza.

Bobabili izinhlobonhlobo leaf petioles stebleplod eside phansi futhi phezulu - incishisiwe.

Izimbali, izithelo Kale

Kale izimbali ngonyaka wokuphila wesibili. Izinso, okuyindawo uzoya amahlumela zom, ise-axils we stebleplod. Izimbali Kuphendula eliphezulu (160 cm), branched, namahlamvu ezimbalwa. Inflorescence Kale ibuthakathaka ibhulashi okuxekethile. Ubude bayo 80 cm.

Ngemva izimbali, emabhamuta livela bushelelezi cylindrical ukuma. Kuyinto isithelo Kale. Ngaphakathi kukhona bushelelezi imbewu oyindilinga, okuyinto ziyahlukahluka ngombala kusukela aluhlaza-grey kuya black.

Kungani ukukhula Kale?

Nakani Kale imele uma kuphela ngoba kuvumela ukusetshenziswa okuphakelayo oluhlaza izilwane ngisho nangemva kokuba yesithwathwa ekwindla. Kodwa akugcini lapho izimfanelo ewusizo isiko. Kale kunomsoco esiyingqayizivele. Iqukethe inqwaba nosawoti amaminerali kanye namavithamini. Uma ukusetshenziswa njengendlela USilo, okuphakelayo cishe 18% of amaprotheni, ezingaphezu kuka-15% amaprotheni, 3.4% amanoni engaphezu kuka-46% i-nitrogen khulula extractives.

1 kg leaf isisindo lapho mg 100 vitamin C kanye ezingaphezu kuka-42 mg uvithamini A. iqukethe i-phosphorus, i-calcium ne-sulphur okwenza Kale umkhiqizo wezokudla emfuyo. Izilwane kanye nezinkukhu zinhle kakhulu ukudla silage kusukela isiko. Yena Kunuka kamnandi, kulula ukugaya, futhi sibonga ezingeni eliphezulu wamaprotheni ne carotene, ngokushesha ematisa.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Kale akaphelelwa impahla yayo ngisho nangemva umnkantsha. amahlamvu incibilikiswa uhlala enwebekayo akaphelelwa umbala kanye flavour. Izilwane musa emthwalweni incibilikiswa ifolishi green, okuyinto kunciphisa isikhathi yokudla ebusika. Kwezinye European amazwe amahlamvu Kale eyayenziwe omisiwe futhi agcinwe ngendlela amaprotheni ocebile ifolishi owomile.

Izoni of ifolishi kwezitshalo

Iningi labalimi uyazibuza ukuthi baziphathe kanjani zokuzamazama ezahlukene zezulu we Kale? Izithombe kutshalwa Amasimu etholwe izindawo ezibandayo (Murmansk, Novosibirsk) kusuka, futhi kusukela ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ye ezweni lethu. Kuye izimo sezulu kanye ukuchelela esishintshashintshayo kwezitshalo isivuno zingaba phakathi amathani angu-300 kuya 950 biomass of ehektheleni 1 ngayinye. I yimpumelelo amasayithi isivuno ifinyelela 1,500 quintals uyaca oluhlaza ngayinye ehektheleni 1.

Kubaluleka ubuchwepheshe yezolimo

Russian State Register (2006) kuhlanganisa ezihlukahlukene Milestone kanye nzalo eziningana Dutch (Redbor futhi Reflex). Ufaka isiko yethulwa kuleli okuphakelayo noma nemifino kwezitshalo rotations. Kale etshalwe emva imidumba nokusanhlamvu. Njengendlela yokugcina, ngemuva utshani. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona kokumethemba ekuseni imifino, inqobo nje izitshalo zabo esingu kungakapheli Juni. Kulokhu, engxenyeni isiko ehlobo kwesibili isikhathi ukwakha isivuno esihle. Ngesinye isikhathi Kale isitshalo njalo eminyakeni 3-4.

Kale Likhula

Emasimini ukutshala isiko wabantu ngezindlela ezintathu:

1. Bezrassadnoj indlela lapho Kale (imbewu) zitshalwa ngqo emhlabathini.
2. Yisithombo ukutshala lapho inhlabathi budluliselwe kusuka izinkulisa zezitshalo ezingu-30-40 ubudala. Izithombo ngesikhathi kokwehla ubumbe amahlamvu 4-5.
3. indlela Private, olwakhiwa e Leningrad esifundeni. Kulokhu, sebenzisa inhlabathi ahlanzekile noma ukhula kuyaphumelela. Seeding Kwenziwa indlela evamile, thinning hhayi lwenziwa. izitshalo uqweqwe kuthinte stebleplod kumiswa. Esikhathini phytomass eliwumhlaba kwandisa iphesenti amahlamvu.

indlela Nonseedlings: izici

Bezrassadnoj uqale ezikhulayo kwentwasahlobo. Umhlabathi ngaphansi imbewu ibhalwe, angabekwa futhi Kwehla. Ukuze umhlabathi zokutshala impahla esetshenziswa yemifino uMtshali. Sebenzisa shirokorjadnyj ukuhlwanyelwa. Isikhala -. 70 cm at 1 m seeded kusuka 1.5 kuya 4 kg imbewu. ukujula zokutshala - 3 cm.

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva ayihlwanyelayo, esisabekayo, noma kudinga ukubhujiswa inhlabathi uqweqwe amageja. Uma izithombo labetibambile hoeing imigqa. I sokugcina isizini yonke esakhula izikhathi 4. Ndawonye nale kokukhulelwa nitrogen kwenziwe. Ingasetshenziselwa alungele ukuvunwa aklaba kwabavuni ngaphandle ukugaya kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. Kukhishwe Isivuno Agasti kuya ku-December (kuncike esikhathini sokulima).

indlela yisithombo: izici

Yisithombo indlela Kale ezikhulayo kungandisa isivuno mass oluhlaza. Zitshala phansi wenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuhlwanyela imbewu. Le ndlela yelula sokukhula plant, okuyinto kuholela aklaba isivuno.

Izithombo likhule indlela abandayo (kuyo unheated). Sebenzisa tape indlela evamile kokutshala. Lapho kwakhiwa 1-2 amaqabunga, izinto ezimila asemasha thinned. At the stage of 2-3 ishiya enze yokudla. Enkundleni, izithombo ewela amahlamvu 4-5 ukunwetshwa.

izithombo Ukutshala bekwi ngemva kokuba okusanhlamvu entwasahlobo ukuhlwanyelwa. Shirokorjadnyj wasebenzisa indlela nge emaphaseshi 70 cm ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ilandelana - .. Kufika 40 cm Uma umhlabathi esindayo ke izithombo zitshalwa emikhulu.

Kwesonto ngemuva endaweni okufikela ligcwele ukuhlaselwa phakathi kwababusi. Phakathi ezikhulayo inkathi isiko kudinga 3-4 interrow ukucubungula. Okokuqala - ziba ngcono nge 8 cm ejulile, olandelayo - 12-15 cm.

Ukuvuna kuqala emva ukumisa ekukhuleni kwezimila. Labetibambile ke njengoba kudingeka, kwezinye izindawo ibizwa sinwebiswe Disemba.

Izinhlobonhlobo athandwa kakhulu Kale

Ngo ngezinga ezimbonini izinhlobo ezilandelayo Kale Simila Russia, Vologda Brain oluhlaza, cabanga oluhlaza Siverskaya, oNyakeni weziNkulungwane, eduze eMoscow, elimhlophe, Milestone.

Ezindaweni suburban Kale Simila hhayi kuphela ukudla, kodwa futhi nge zokuhlobisa. Dachniki ishidi ngokuvamile akhethiwe curled Redbor hybrid F1. Lesi sitshalo has ukuma palmovidnuyu kanye amahle burgundy umbala amahlamvu.

Njengoba kahle ezindaweni uyasinda Reflex hybrid F1. Ingasetshenziselwa hhayi kuphela ukuhlobisa ndawo, kodwa futhi in salads. Lesi sitshalo has amahlamvu amahle abacaphuni kukhona eliphaphathekile oluhlaza.

Ukuze abalimi abancane umgomo oyinhloko uhlala iklabishi Milestone aft. It ikuvumela ukuba uthole isivuno esiphezulu mass oluhlaza ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa imikhuba ezibizayo wezolimo. Uma isiko ukuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa evamile, isivuno eliphakeme kuqinisekisiwe.