Anarcho-capitalism: yencazelo, imibono, izimpawu

"Anarchy" - nkulumo ezingqondweni zabantu abaningi kuyinto yinye welithi "nezinxushunxushu", "ukudideka." Nokho, yokuhlalisana kwabantu kanye wezifundo zezombusazwe, leli gama linencazelo ezahlukene. Kulesi sihloko sibheka silihlolisise umqondo, imvelaphi, izimfundiso eziyisisekelo kanye izinkomba of anarchism. Sihlaziya kabanzi lesi siqondiso njengoba anarcho-capitalism. Kuyini essence yayo futhi, ngokungafani nezinye izindawo anarchism? Sizozama ukuthola kamuva kulesi sihloko.

Umcabango

Anarchism - imfundiso setepolitiki kanye nezenhlalakahle, okuyinto negates isidingo sokuba khona isimo. Izithakazelo abalimi abancane kanye namabhizinisi amancane yiwona abaphikisa izithakazelo bezinkampani ezinkulu.

Kukhona inganekwane ukuthi anarchism - ingenye Amathrendi zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni. Yena kwamiswa izingqondo zethu emva Revolution futhi kulwiwa: Sekuyisikhathi eside umlekeleli umsekeli oqinile amaBolshevik ensimini ka-Ukraine yesimanje kwaba le izidlamlilo Nestora Mahno.

Nokho, lokhu kuyinto ngokuphelele. Anarchism, futhi ikakhulukazi omunye izindawo zalo - anarcho-capitalism - kunalokho, ophika ukudalwa bezinkampani ezinkulu emphakathini. Uhlelo lwe-socialism - njengoba isigaba owandulelayo ubukhomanisi - nakuba sihilela yekwakha imiphakatsi olulodwa elungile nelinganayo, kodwa indima evelele isimo lapho ikhanda futhi kufanele kube "nabantu abalungile." - amaBolshevik, Socialist-mbuso, sabasebenzi, njll Empeleni, lo mkhuba uye obizwa nangokuthi i-ukudalwa corporations kuphela, ngokungafani kuya-capitalism, ukuze nge nomnikazi oyedwa kuphela - isimo.

Ngesisekelo yefilosofi anarchism kukhona wokuziqambela, subjectivism futhi ukuzikhethela.

izinkomba

Kuze kube manje, kukhona izindawo ezimbili eziyinhloko anarchism:

1. anarchism Individualist.
2. Anarcho-socialism.

Ideologically, kuba ngokuphelele ezimbili oluyi. Ayavumelana eyodwa kuphela - umbono yokushiya isimo. Zonke ezinye imicabango yabantu kuthiwa iphambene. Anarcho-socialism, kunalokho, libhekisela olwandle ngakwesokunxele, kanye nobukhomanisi, ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni kanye nezinye anarcho-wokuziqambela -. Kunalokho, kuyinkambo efanele. Izimiso zalo athuthukile Max Stirner, Genri Devid, Murray Rothbard nabanye. Bobabili amayunithi nazo ihlukaniswe ukusakaza ezahlukene, ngamunye ephethe ukubukwa ayo kulawo noma ezinye izinqubo.

Izikhombisi eyinhloko wokuziqambela

anarchism Individualist sehlukaniswe ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

1. Anarcho-capitalism. Ngeke ngokuningiliziwe upende wakhe, njengoba le ndawo uzobe anikezelwe iningi izihloko zethu.
2. Anarcho-ukulwela amalungelo. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela lwaluqala United States ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX. Ummeleli abavelele balo kungaba kubhekwe njengento Emma Goldman - "Red Emma". Lona wesifazane ayethuthele ezivela eRussia phambi inguquko, yalungisa e-United States. Anarcho-feminists futhi kuqhathaniswa isimo njengoba imoto zokumiswa imiqondo ngokwesiko ezimisiwe ubudlelwano emndenini, imfundo, kanye izindima ubulili. Emma Goldman obungenza namuhla khona wasemuva amalungelo esintu oshisekayo, okuyinto uzoqhubeka elwela kokulingana zabesifazane, amalungelo ezincane ngokocansi, njll Umshado wacabanga, -. Lona inkontileka evamile kwezomnotho phakathi kwendoda nowesifazane. Futhi lokhu kubukwa futhi lehlela phezu kuka ukwazi mass ngokusebenzisa izinkulumo, izincwadi ukushicilela eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, lapho umphakathi Western zigcinwe zenkolo yayo futhi traditionalism.
3. anarchism Green - kugxila inkinga lokuvikela imvelo.
4. Anarcho-primitivism - shayela ukuba ayiyeke le zobuchwepheshe, okuyinto, ngokombono wabo, baqinise isikhundla zababusi futhi ukusebenza kuphela. Futhi abanye.

Izikhombisi-main we anarcho-socialism

Anarcho-socialism - umkhuba okubizela ekulweni noma yiluphi uhlobo ukuxhashazwa, yangasese njengoba imbangela enkulu babhekane nezinga elikhulu kwezenhlalo (babhekane nezinga elikhulu) emphakathini ku kwabacebile nabampofu. Abantu abanale mibono babekhona izingqondo anarchist Nestor Makhno ngesikhathi salezi zinguquko futhi impi yombango. Direction ezahlukene kusukela Bolshevism classical kuphela yokuthi lo yokugcina kumiswe ubushiqela lwesigaba sabasebenzi, isb. E. Ukudalwa langempela ekilasini bothile ngaphezu kobomunye. Anarcho-ndawonye, futhi ngaso sonke ukuphika ukuba khona kwanoma yimuphi lesigaba esibusayo noma lombhalo. ezindaweni esiyinhloko:

1. Mutualism (myutyualizm). Kusekelwe isimiso yokusizana, inkululeko, inkontileka yokuzithandela. Umuntu owasungula le mkhuba bakholwe Pierre Zhozefa Prudona, omsebenzi wakhe uvele ekhulwini XVIII, ngaphambi kokuba ekugcineni kwakhiwa imisinga anarchist.
2. Anarcho-nobukhomanisi. Abasekeli bale nhlangano babekholelwa ukuthi isidingo ukudala zindlani ozibuse, okumele abe ihlelwe ukusetshenziswa lilonke izindlela zokukhiqiza.
3. anarchism Collectivist noma collectivism olukhulu. Abasekeli bale nhlangano bamemezele ukuthi kokugumbuqelwa indlela izinguquko. Ngokungafani Amathrendi odlule, anarcho-collectivists ucabange ukuthi wonke umuntu emphakathini kufanele uthole inkokhelo fair ngokusekelwe kokufaneleka yabo. Banal "yokululama", ngokombono wabo, kuzoholela mass ezidala ukuthi kukhona "izimuncagazi" uzokwenza ukusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi yabanye.
4. Anarcho-ifonti ejwayelekile. Lugxile embuthweni wezabasebenzi. Abalandeli bakhe bathambekele ukulahla uhlelo womholo zabasebenzi kanye yangasese. Izindlela zokukhiqiza bebona imbangela division of umphakathi zibe abanikazi nabasebenzi. Futhi abanye.

Ngeshwa, kwesinye isihloko kunzima ukuba adlulisele kafushane umehluko oyinhloko phakathi isiqondiso of anarchism. Nokho, amagama ambalwa singasho ukuthi anarcho-capitalism - Sisho okuphambene anarcho-socialism. Kugcine uyawachitha ngokugcwele imibono yangasese, ne-capitalism, nomshikashika esiqashiwe. Okokuqala, kunalokho, wamukela le miqondo. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana kuzoxoxwa kamuva esihlokweni.

Umsuka anarcho-capitalism

isiqondiso Anarcho-capitalism is okubhekiselwa kuzo nangokuthi "anarchism libertarian". Ngokokuqala ngqá leli gama livele Murray Rothbard. Ukuvela lo mkhuba sihlehlela emuva sixties owayengumKristu owayephila ekhulwini XX e-United States. Nakuba isisekelo yayo theory ezigxilile Maphakathi nekhulu XIX, imisebenzi emakethe theorists, omunye okwakukhona uGustave de Molinari.

umqondo

Market anarchism - eyaziwa nangokuthi anarcho-capitalism - esekelwe inkolelo unala mahhala yangasese. Uyaphika isimo njengoba isikhungo kwamandla, ngoba kuphazamisa ngokusekelwa emakethe ukuncintisana. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-wezinguquko abadumile - Yegor Gaidar - wathi, "emakethe ezohlela konke endaweni yayo." Nakuba isikhonzi Russian prime wayengenamahloni inxusa le nefilosofi, kodwa ukuthi isigwebo sakhe usukela omunye anarchism imibono emakethe. Legumbi ukubeka umqondo of ubudlelwano emakethe khulula, abopha njalo yokuzithandela. Kuyinto lesi simiso futhi ukukhonza ukusungulwa umphakathi ozinzile, okuyinto uqobo ungakwazi ukuhlela umthetho, dala zomthetho yabo nohlaka, ukuvikelwa kanye nengqalasizinda edingekayo, ihlelwe ngokusebenzisa ephaliswaneni lokwenza imali.

imigomo

Sam Murray Rothbard waqaphela ukuthi isimo -. It is, ngokuya yesimanje, iqembu lobugebengu ukuthi waziphatha empeleni ababaphangayo ngokusebenzisa izintela, izimali, imisebenzi, amalayisensi, njll Cishe bonke ohulumeni yesimanje kosozimali babé Stooges ka izikhulu ezinkulu zezimali. Uhlelo lwe-capitalism, ngokuvumelana umhlaziyi - iyona predominance abanikazi encane, futhi namuhla sibona ukuthi amabhizinisi amancane azungeze izwe beduka yayo yonke imikhakha yezomnotho. Kunalokho ezinkulungwane osomabhizinisi ezincane, esikubonayo a Mogul ezinkulu, ezisabalele umthelela wabo emazweni amaningi.

Ngakho-ke, libertarianism yesimanje kanye anarchism unemigomo ezivamile imfundiso sezenhlalo kanye lamaKhomanisi - bona bonke shayela ukuphula ohlelweni olukhona, okuyinto uye savela emhlabeni.

Izindlela ukuhleleka emphakathini esizayo

Kulesi isiqondiso zefilosofi abagxeki abaningi phakathi osomnotho, ososayensi zezombusazwe nezokuhlalisana kwabantu. Ngisho Socialists namaKhomanisi ne imibono ethile "ikusasa eliqhakazile", "ukulingana komphakathi", "inkululeko", "ubuzalwane" ningabizi ukulahla isimo njengoba Regulator of ubudlelwano nomphakathi. Kodwa umhlaziyi eyinhloko anarcho-capitalism - Murray Rothbard - kunalokho, wanxusa ukulishiya ngokuphelele ke. Pho-ke, kufanele usebenze umphakathi kosozimali lapho yangasese lingcwele avikelwe? Ukuze wenze lokhu, dala izakhiwo zonogada ezizimele, okumele usebenze njalo ukuncintisana. Akufanele ngezimali izintela, futhi kusukela zangasese. umsebenzi Siqu kanye nezomnotho kufanele zibuswe imithetho yemvelo, emakethe futhi ngosizo umthetho wangasese. Umphakathi, ngokuvumelana theorists isiqondiso zefilosofi, intuitively baqonde indlela kumelwe siphile esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Abantu uyodela eziningi zobugebengu, njengoba kuba isimo futhi iyimbangela eyinhloko ukuthunywa kwabo.

Kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa imibono libertarianism?

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi umbono ka ngokuphelele utopia libertarian. Njengoba bakhombe yokuthi uhlobo abantu ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba kuqedwe imikhuba emibi abantu onjalo afana ngazo umona, ulaka, ekhashelwe, afise ukusizakala lomtshikatshika abanye, isifiso nilidle enye impahla, kanye nabanye khumbula test kwengqondo njengoba i-agumenti main :. "Uma esitolo uzobona, imikhiqizo akekho ivikela okwenzayo? ". Iyiphi impendulo enembile kuyoba nguwe enikeza imikhiqizo esitolo ukweba. Okunye izimpendulo zicatshangelwa izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo yokungathembeki, wafihla ubunjalo kuncike kweqiniso. E. Awukwazi ukushintsha kobuntu, ngakho yena ngokwakhe, ngaphandle kosizo wamandla wangaphandle Regulator, akafundi ukuphila "okulungile." Yonke imibono ukuthi zenzelwe okushintsha ubuntu ngokwakha izimo ezihlukene zenhlalo, kucatshangwa ukuthi nakancane. Ngakho-ke, emakethe anarchism kufanele sithathwe njengehlelo ezinjalo. Nokho, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi libertarianism ezingase zithathwe. Kuze kube yimanje, izimo ezithile kumelwe kwenzeke kanjalo. Bathi ukuxoxa kabanzi ngezansi.

Imibandela ekusebenziseni umbono emakethe anarchism

Ngakho, imibono ka-Murray Rothbard waqaphela, kumele kwenzeke kwale mibandela elandelayo:

1. amandla okubusa izimiso zokuhle. Emphakathini lapho konke futhi badayise, kunzima ukufundisa umuntu okhuluma umoya nje "ngakho awukwazi", 'kungekuhle' nokunye D. Namuhla, sibona ukuthi abantwana bakwa-multimillionaires eziphula yonke imithetho. Bengazihloniphi imikhawulo ngesivinini emigwaqweni, kungenzeka ekuthukweni abameleli umthetho nokuhleleka, ukukhuluma usulu yezwe ahlala kulo, njll izakhamuzi "abavamile" ukuziphatha okunjalo akukwazi zithethelelwe :. zivame ukuthola lesi sijeziso esinzima kakhulu. Kuphela lapho ukubaluleka kwesimilo inkululeko sikunqobe imali kanzima, kungenzeka ukwakha umphakathi enhle.
2. Ukudalwa izikhungo eziningana. Uma isimo ayitholakali, umsebenzi wayo kufanele ukufeza nezinye izikhungo zenhlalakahle. Kumele babe amandla negunya bebuyoba engenamsebenzi. Isimo main - kufanele kube abanye, noma esikhundleni lapho uhlobo oluthile isimo, thina ukuthola elinye: ongokwasezulwini, clan, capitalism zasendle kanye nabanye.
3. uhlelo Enobunye yamanani. Libertarianstskaya uhlelo luzosebenza kuphela uma wonke amalungu umphakathi ukuba banamathele imibono anarcho-capitalism. Uma ubona inani eliphakeme kangaka labantu abazishaya indiva izimiso zayo kanye nezikhungo kwamandla, uhlelo uyakuwaphula ngokushesha.

Umfanekiso anarcho-capitalism

Sasiyihlanganisa imfundiso yokuziphendukela libertarianism. Ithi okuncane mayelana umfanekiso. Banner anarcho- capitalism kubhekwe omnyama ophuzi ifulege. Black umbala - uphawu yendabuko anarchism. Yellow - atjengisa igolide, medium exchange emakethe ngaphandle kokungenela kukahulumeni. flag Black-and-yellow itholakala embodiments ahlukahlukene. Akukho lungiselelo okuqinile izimbali. Ngezinye izikhathi liqukethe izithombe ezahlukene: umqhele, uphawu dollar, nabanye.

Anarcho-capitalism eRussia

Ezweni lethu bambalwa abantu abaphethe ukubukwa ukumaketha anarchism. Sine, uma abalandeli anarchism, kuba kunalokho abasekeli anarcho-ifonti ejwayelekile, okuyinto ukudala nemikhutshana kuleso ehlukahlukene kwentsha. Izazi zezenhlalo ziphawula ukuthi neoanarhisty yesimanje, njengoba umthetho, abaqondi imibono eziyisisekelo anarcho-ifonti ejwayelekile, basebenzisa kuphela izimpawu - amafulegi ezimnyama. Kuzo zonke izenzakalo ezihilela kubo umsindo, iziqubulo anti-undlovukayiphikiswa ngokuvamile kuphela.

I neoanarhizma injongo eRussia

Modern umbhikisho neoanarhichesky eRussia cishe non-ukweseka isimiso isinyathelo ongaphandle kuphela, amandla ongalawuleki. abaholi bawo bakholelwa ukuthi umgomo we ukunyakaza - umzabalazo wokulwa wobushiqela, kanye impande yawo izimbangela - capitalism, okuyinto kudala ekungalinganini emphakathini futhi ukuthuthela njengoba injalo manje.