Tower Bridge eLondon. Tower Bridge eLondon - Photo

Tower Bridge eLondon - omunye liyabonakala kakhulu emhlabeni. Izimpande zawo amanga uVictoria isitayela Gothic emthethweni ophoqelelwe onjiniyela ukwakha isakhiwo, ngokuvumelana indawo eduze Tower.

incazelo

Tower Bridge eLondon ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-elengayo adjustable. It awele uMfula iThames, itholakala Awukude Tower of London, behlonipha kabani aphathwayo, futhi waba uphawu lokuhlala edolobheni.

Ibhuloho siqukethe imibhoshongo ezimbili ezixhunywe isiqeshana amavesi amabili ovundlile, eklanyelwe silinganise amabutho ovundlile ezilethwa izingxenye okwesikhashana bomhlaba ne amaqembu. Ingxenye mpo zamabutho kulezi zingxenye okwesikhashana futhi ukusabela mpo kokuhlangana okubili abalale imibhoshongo ezimbili ezinkulu. Ukuphakamisa ahlangene ukusebenza imishini zitholakala ngezizathu umbhoshongo. Lamanje lwemibala kwaleli bhuloho sihlehlela emuva ngonyaka 1977, ngesikhathi ngopende obomvu, omhlophe noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukugubha Isiliva weJubili ka uQueen Elizabeth II. Ekuqaleni wayephikisa oluluhlaza.

Esiteshini esiseduze London Underground - «Tower Hill» kule «Circle» imigqa «District», futhi Skytrain - «Tower Gateway».

Ngokuphambene nalokho okukholelwa yiningi, ingoma «iLondon Bridge Ingabe Falling Down» akuhlangene ne Tower Bridge eLondon.

Umlando ukwakhiwa

Amacebo zakhiwa emhlabeni 1876, lapho ingxenye esempumalanga yalesi London sesibe ezinabantu abaningi. Ibhuloho phezu UMfula iThames endaweni owayebonakala emkhulu kubaluleke kakhulu. Inkinga eyayibalulekile ukuthi kwakudingekile ukuba kudlule imikhumbi insika ubude ezikhungweni port phakathi isilinde ngaphansi kwebhuloho no-Tower of London. Kwathatha omunye engu futhi eziningi ingxoxo mayelana nomklamo ngaphambi kuqalwa ukwakha.

Ngakho, ukuze ngixazulule inkinga yokuntuleka kwezinto ukweqa umfula ngo-1877, kwamiswa ikomiti ekhethekile kwamabhuloho nemihubhe ngaphansi Mnumzane Albert Dzhozefa Altmana, yamemezela ucingo umphakathi iziphakamiso. Izicelo Ngaphezu 50 athunyelwa, kuhlanganise unjiniyela civil Mnumzane Dzhozefom Bazalgette. kokuhlaziywa Project esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe impikiswano, futhi kuphela ngo-1884 sivunyiwe iphrojekthi zilethwa umklami wakulelo dolobha uHorace Jones ngokubambisana John Vulfom Berri.

Ibhuloho laqedwa ngo-1894. osonkontileka Five - Mnumzane Dzhon Dzhekson (isizinda), uBaron Armstrong (hydraulics), Uilyam Vebster, Mnumzane HH Bartlett, futhi uSir William Eroll futhi cishe 450 abasebenzi babehileleke nokwakhiwa kwaleli bhuloho. Eyokwakha nemengamo kwathatha amathani 11,000 ensimbi. Ngaleso sikhathi, abantu abaningi abazange design yakhe uVictoria Gothic, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwebhuloho isibe olunye lwezimpawu edume kunazo London. It lavulwa ngokusemthethweni ku-June 30, 1894 iPrince of Wales (kamuva-King Edward VIII) nomkakhe - okweqanda of Wales (Alexandra waseDenmark).

Ibhuloho exhunywe Iron Gate ngebhange enyakatho komfula nge Horslidaun Lane eningizimu, manje eyaziwa ngokuthi ibhuloho yokungena naseMbhoshongweni Tower Bridge Road, ngokulandelana. Ngaphambi kuvulwa kwebhuloho Subway Tower - ayi-400 kuya entshonalanga - kwaba indlela emfushane ukuwela umfula kusuka Tower Hill ukuba Tooley Street Sautparke. Kuvulwe ngo-1870, Tower Subway kwaba ngomunye wabokuqala emhlabeni lemigqa ngomshoshaphansi.

Lapho wavula Tower Bridge eLondon, iningi traffic abezinyawo wathutha kuso ngenxa yokuntuleka inkokhelo ukuze zisetshenziswe. Umhubhe yavalwa 1898 ngenxa yenzuzo ephansi.

Tower Bridge eLondon - omunye amabhuloho ezinhlanu inhlokodolobha, manje in the ifa kanye nokugcina "Ibhuloho House Estates" - ubudlelwano engenzi-nzuzo, okuyinto ngaphansi kokuqondisa City of London Corporation. Kuyinto kuphela ibhuloho lobambiswano, hhayi ukuxhumanisa i-City of London ogwini Sautpark; ophumayo yayo enyakatho kuholela e Tower Hamlets.

Mechanics

Budebuduze Gulf nolwandle ise isiqondiso efunwa ngabakwa ikhono kwebhuloho ukuba kudlule imikhumbi emikhulu. Ngakho isinqumo ukudala incwadi yesehlukaniso design ezingasetshenziswa livulwe ukuba ivumele ukunyakaza ezikebheni. Mshini kufihliwe e zakhiwo ezimbili ezinde. Kuze 1976, ngesikhathi gesi, amandla umusi elasetshenziselwa ukuphampa amanzi e accumulator wokubacindezela, okuyinto okugqugquzelwa izinjini.

Ubude lonke bhuloho 800 izinyawo (244 m) ukuphakama imibhoshongo, ezakhiwe phezu kwezingodo - 213 izinyawo (65 m). I span emaphakathi 200 izinyawo (61 m) ihlukaniswe plate amabili alinganayo. Ngamunye wabo ingaphezu ububanzi m 30 kanye isisindo 1,000 amathani angavulwa i-engela 83 degrees. Esikhathini sikhundla evulekile, ibhuloho kuyinto ukuvelela cishe 45 m Namuhla evuka ukushaya ukuphakama ezidingekile ukudlula isikebhe .; kwasinda umsele umkhumbi, bephethe le nkosi. Kulokhu, ingxenye isakhiwo ephakanyiswe ngokugcwele. Ngaphambi kwebhuloho wavula cishe amahlanu izikhathi ngosuku, futhi namuhla - 1,000 kuphela izikhathi ngonyaka. Zizalela kuhlelwe kusengaphambili (ngoba kufika imikhumbi, nokunye. D.), Ngakho izivakashi ungavakashela indawo ibhuloho ubone uma bayovuswa bese ngihlaliswa. Imali kuyanda lizokhokhiswa.

ukuphendula

Nakuba kwebhuloho - lena Ngokungangabazeki lwaleli, zabahloli ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 base skeptical ukubukeka kwakhe. "Uyena okuphambene ukunambitheka ezimbi futhi pretentiousness, falsification amaqiniso langempela isakhiwo", wabhala HH Statham futhi Frenk Brengvin wawuthi "isakhiwo kungazwakali aminingi ukudlula Tower Bridge, ungalokothi aphonswe phezu komfula amasu".

Ukuvakashela kwebhuloho

izivakashi eziningi njalo ethatha izithombe ngemuva kwalesi sakhiwo grand. Ungaphinde uye ngaphakathi kwebhuloho, lapho uzothola umbono omangalisayo London ekutheni ajwayele ushintsho ephakathi kwalezi zakhiwo ezimbili. Ngesinye isikhathi, efanelwe idumela ezimbi yokukhosela izifebe pickpockets. Ukuba kufinyeleleke kuphela izitebhisi, zazingavamile esetshenziswa kanye abahamba ngezinyawo evamile avalwa ngo-1910. Kuvulwe kabusha ngo-1982 ngesikhathi Tower Bridge Exhibition - embukisweni, ligcinwe imibhoshongo yamakhambi bewela kwebhuloho kanye uVictoria injini amakamelo. Lapha ungakwazi futhi ubone ngaphakathi Tower Bridge, izithombe, ama-movie, kulandwa indaba izakhiwo ezimangalisayo. Okunabileko zingokoqobo umusi izinjini. Phakathi embukisweni lizokhokhiswa.

Redecorating 2008-2012.

Ngo-April 2008 kwamenyezelwa ukuthi Tower Bridge izobanjelwa "facelift" kubiza amakhilogremu 4 million. Ezisebenzayo esusa upende omdala phansi metal nemikhonto repainting ngemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe. Ingxenye ngayinye esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe emahlatsini plastic okuvikela ukuze avimbele ukuwa upende omdala e iThames nokungcola emfuleni. Kusukela ngo-kuka2008, osonkontileka wasebenza ezingeqi kwezingu ingxenye yesine ka kwebhuloho ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze ugweme izinkinga, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi leyo Ukuvalwa komgwaqo sasingagwemeki.

Inqubo Umdwebo laqedwa ngo-2009. Kwathiwa kwenziwe umsebenzi esikhundleni kohlelo ibhuloho ukukhanyisa. Ngaphakathi ukuhwebelana setha multi-purpose ukukhanyisa uhlelo elaklanywa Eleni Shiarlis, njengoba asetshenziselwa nemibukiso nezinye izinjongo. Zonke izici ezifakiwe ngendlela yesimanje ngaphandle kosizo imishini. Ngosizo okukhanyisa Ibhuloho atholwe umbono emangalisa ebusuku.

Ukubuyekeza ukumiswa amaketanga ezine yaqedwa ngoMashi 2010, besebenzisa zakamuva enamathela uhlelo ezidinga kuze kube izingqimba eziyisithupha ezahlukene.

Kulesi sihloko ungabona Ushintshe Tower Bridge, ogama izithombe ukukhombisa ukwakhiwa kubo bonke ubuhle balo.

Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo

Kukhona legend ukuthi kwebhuloho cishe wathenga ngo-1968 kasomabhizinisi American Robert Makkaloh ukuba uthwale Missouri. Leli qiniso Nokho, bona, kunqatshelwe.

Ngo-May 1997, i-inhlabaluhide kaMengameli uBill Clinton lahlukaniswa ngenxa kuvulwa kwebhuloho.