Izibambiso Uhulumeni: izinhlobo nemisebenzi

Ukwahlukanisa izibambiso kanye izibambiso kuphela, kukhona ezihlukahlukene. Ake sicabangele Ukwahlukaniswa izibambiso ngesimo ubunikazi. Ngokusho kwalo, kunezizathu izibambiso kwasobala nokwabantu ngabanye. ukutshalwa kwezimali non-state - Yimali e izibambiso ezikhiqiza izinkampani okuhlangene isitokwe futhi ngamabhange (share izitifiketi). Uhulumeni izibambiso - iyona iphepha, okuyinto ishicilela wumbuso, izikhungo zomphakathi, iziphathimandla zendawo (izibopho, yengcebo izikweletu).

Zonke izibambiso kahulumeni, empeleni kukhona izikweletu izibambiso. Nokho, ngamunye ukuphepha, esikhishwe isimo, unegama ayo, isibonelo, yangaphakathi lwemali amabhondi, njll Phakathi kwezinye izibambiso izibambiso Uhulumeni elinesimo ezingeni eliphezulu ngokuthembeka, balulaza ingozi nokulahlekelwa ukulingana imali ku fixed capital, intela evumayo kakhulu (noma itlhogeko).

Isimo angasisiza kanjani ukungeneli kwesabelo sezimali ngezithukuthuku Central Bank, odabeni oluphathelene nokukhululwa kwabo imali futhi ngokukhipha izibambiso. Uma isimo iye yakhetha ngosizo Central Bank, kunciphise kungenzeka zokuqondisisa emakethe loan. Emission imali engena kwegazi yokukhokha ezingesiyo amafa yangempela, okuholela ukwehla kwamandla emali okwengeziwe futhi ukuphazamiseka e ukuzungeza yemali yezwe. Ukukhishwa izibambiso kahulumeni - kakhulu engabizi indlela yokusekela isabelomali.

izibambiso Uhulumeni ingaphinda isetshenziswe kuzo ukuze sikhokhele lolu izikweletu zomphakathi, futhi lungaphezu akukhetha imali ngokusebenzisa loans yasebhange. izibopho Nezikweletu wombuso kukhona uketshezi nokunye okuningi, futhi zimali kuba lula ukuzidayisa emakethe yesibili.

Ngezinye izikhathi izibambiso kahulumeni ukuhlinzeka ngamabhange onamafa ketshezi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amabhange imali (ikakhulukazi kusukela Isikhwama reserve) njengengxenye izibambiso esikhishwe nguhulumeni. Futhi, izibambiso ekhishwe uhulumeni ngezimali izinhlelo ezisetshenziswa by neziphathimandla zendawo. Isimo anganikeza iziqinisekiso ku izibopho izikweletu yezinhlangano, ngokuvumelana nesimo, sibasekele yayo.

Ukukhishwa izibambiso kahulumeni kungase kubangelwe isidingo abuyisele ukubolekisa ngaphambilini eyakhishwa kuhulumeni. Ngezinye izikhathi isimo uzoba izikhala esifushane phakathi izimali kanye nezindleko ngenxa ukungafani isikhathi kokuthola izinkokhelo isabelomali futhi iyunifomu isabelomali izindleko. Khona-ke uhulumeni futhi yakhetha udaba ezikweletini uhulumeni.

Ezinye izinhlobo izibambiso eklanyelwe ukulolonga engalingani eziqoqwayo. Abanikazi lezi izibambiso ungabuyela emuva ukuze uhulumeni emva kwesikhathi esithize noma ukukhokha izintela zazo.

State izibambiso we Russian Federation libonise ngokucacile wezwe lakithi, ikakhulukazi intela, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, esekelwe ezivamile emhlabeni izisekelo khona kanye nokusebenza izibambiso emakethe. Esikhathini Russian Federation, izinhlobo izibambiso umbuso uyakuba izonqunywa Bank of Russia nase-Ministry of Finance yeRussia. Okuvame kakhulu kubo: isimo yesikhathi esifushane zero-isigqebhezana izibopho (T-izikweletu), izibopho lwemali loan isimo sangaphakathi - etholakalayo kusukela ngo-1993, federal loan Abathandana esinqunyiwe isigqebhezana engenayo, isimo loan ukonga izibopho ekhishwe ngo-1995, Bank of Russia izibopho (OBR), njalo njalo. d.