Lehman Brothers: indaba impumelelo kanye ebhange nciphisa abadumile

Emlandweni American, babebaningi zinhlekelele zezimali nokuwa izinkampani ezinkulu zezimali, ezithinta umnotho kuleli zwe. - банка, который до этого считался одним из мировых лидеров инвестиционного бизнеса и занимал в этой сфере четвёртое место в США. Omunye yakamuva futhi ovelele kunayo yonke phakathi kwazo ucabanga of Lehman Brothers - ebhange, okuyinto wayeke waxoxa ngaphambili njengelinye lamazwe ahamba phambili utshalomali yasebhange emhlabeni futhi wanikeza kule ndawo endaweni yesine e-United States. Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana nomlando impumelelo yakhe futhi ucabanga sizogxila.

isisekelo

Ngo-1844, Genrih Leman bathutha eJalimane e-United States. Lapha, edolobheni elincane e-Alabama, wavula isitolo lapho imikhiqizo adayiswa. amaklayenti akhe angamalangabi ikakhulukazi abathengisi bendawo ukotini. Izinto zazihamba kahle kakhulu, ngakho esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, usomabhizinisi othile osemusha uye zanqwabelana imali eyanele ukusiza ukuhambisa kuye abafowabo ababili abancane. Bamsiza ebhizinisini, futhi inkampani yabo yayisiningi sesivele sibizwa Lehman Brothers. Ngokuvamile, amakhasimende bebelokhu inzuzo ukukhokha kubo umkhiqizo osuphelile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kokuthola ukotini, abafowethu understate inani layo, bese ukuthengisa ngamanani emakethe, abahola umkhiqizo ofanayo kabili. Ngo-1855, Genrih Leman wafa, ngemva kwalokho inkampani waqala ukuhola umfowabo Emanuel, owabhala la mazwi eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, wavula igatsha e-New York. Phakathi Yombango ngokuqinile ngenkuthalo esesizile uthi eningizimu. Ngemva kokuphothulwa esungulwe ukuxhumana kwayo ibhizinisi baye yasiza abafowethu abaningi ukuba ahlele ukukhiqizwa Alabama izibopho.

lezimpahla lokushintshisana

Ngo-1870, i-New York Ukotini Exchange yasungulwa. Abahileleke ngokuqondile isisekelo salo wathatha inkampani Lehman Brothers. History of the yasebhange utshalomali, abahola inzuzo enhle, waqala ngalesi sikhathi. Esikhathini ihogela izithakazelo inkampani ngaleso sikhathi-ke nje kuphela ukotini, kodwa futhi neminye imikhiqizo ukuthi imali, ezifana namafutha kanye nekhofi. Le nkampani iye atshalwe ukuvikeleka kwamasheya ezinkampanini ukuthi usanda kuqala. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi abaningi babo zikhona namuhla.

impumelelo

Ngo-1906, inkampani ephethwe filipp Leman, lapho hhayi udaba elilodwa ukuze corporations ngobukhulu yasungulwa ukuthi ithengiswe ezidayiswayo. Robert Indodana yakhe ngo-1925 kwaba ummeleli wokugcina lwamakhosi kwaholela isikhungo. Tholakele imfundo baseYale, kanye kahle-ngihlele izinto eziza kuqala semisebenzi akumsizanga kuphela ukulondoloza Lehman Brothers crisis phakathi neNkathi Yokuwohloka, kodwa futhi kwenze kube omunye izikhungo ngobukhulu zezimali kuleli zwe. Ekuqaleni le eko of leminyaka elidlule, ibhange liye izimali embonini zezindiza, umsakazo, ifilimu, futhi bethenga online. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kweNdikimba Robert Lehmann inkampani waya eliphakeme ukuthuthukiswa futhi buye baba enye ezinethonya kunazo e-United States.

Okudingeka le nhlekelele

Ngo-1969, i-Robert Lehman wafa. Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu kuqhubeke, emzabalazweni Kwagqashuka Lehman Brothers. Ngo-1975, ibhange baba yesine utshalomali isikhungo sezezimali kuleli zwe. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, Eighties ekuseni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, bebhange eziningi emsebenzini. Iqiniso lokuthi ayengeke akwenze lutho punters, ngubani aye anda amaphrimiyamu yabo unilaterally. частью одной из своих дочерних организаций. Ngo-1984, isimo ngaphakathi ebhange zakala American Express, okwakwenza yasebhange Lehman Brothers ingxenye eyodwa ezingaphansi kwayo. Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, inkampani kushintsha inqubumgomo yayo futhi usethule inqubo ukudayiswa umphakathi amasheya. Ngakho, ibhange futhi uzibuse, futhi emakethe yayo ofeleba selikhule kuze kube ezikweletini.

ukuphahlazeka

Ekuqaleni kuka-2007, kube namahemuhemu waqala aluka ngezinkinga sikhungo. wabathengi balo aseqalile ukukhiqiza ngokungenasizathu OTC izivumelwano, ngokunikeza sithengisise isithakazelo ikusasa mortgage izibopho emphakathini. Kwakuyisikhathi okuyingozi kakhulu umdlalo. It ulungisiswa ngokugcwele, kuze emakethe mortgage buyadlondlobala. свои требования. Nokho, ngokushesha nje lapho isimo sesishintshile, abanikazi waqala ungenwa Lehman Brothers ukwethula izidingo zabo. Ibhange babengenawo izindlela noma izibambiso ukuhlangabezana nezibopho zakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2008 inkampani yamemezela ukulahlekelwa kwayo zaba 2.8 dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababolekisi sebefake izicelo isinxephezelo, okuyinto bezingaphansi 830 dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Iziphakamiso ukuxazulula lesi simo ngokubhalisa ukusungulwa akazange uthole ukusekelwa uhulumeni. Ngakho, izikhulu wembula ukuthi isimo Akahlosile ukukhokhela amaphutha lwabaphathi phezulu.

Septhemba 15, 2008 ukuphathwa ibhange ethunyelwe ku inkantolo sokuqashelwa ucabanga yayo. amafa Liquid we isikhungo sezezimali e-US, eYurophu naseMpumalanga kwathengwa Barclays futhi Nomura Holdings izinkampani.